envi case digests 3

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1.

G.R. No. 92605 July 16, 1991 APEX MINING CO., INC., vs. HONORABLE CANCIO C. GARCIA ASSISAN EXEC!I"ESECREAR#, O$$ICE O$ HE PRESI%EN, HON. $!LGENCIO S. $ACORAN, JR.,SECREAR# O$ EN"IRONMEN AN% NA!RAL RESO!RCES, &'( MARCOPPER MINING

CORPORAION,

$ACS)

*+ o'-ov+sy /' -*/s &s+ /'volv+s o'l/-/' /'/' l&/s 3+-4++' *++/' +-/-/o'+s A+M/'/' Co., I'., +- &l. &'( /v&-+ +so'(+'- M&o+ M/'/' Coo&-/o'. *+ (/su-+(&+& /s /'s/(+ & -/3+l&'( &+& lo&-+( &- Mo'&yo, %&v&o (+l No-+ &'( C&-++l, %&v&oO/+'-&l, o's/s-/' o 7,971.0 *+-&+s.

MARCOPPER 4&s o'+ o -*+ /s- /'/' l&/&'-s /' -*+ (/su-+( &+&, *&v/' +/s-++( /-s16 l&/s -*ou* -*+ /l/' o (+l&&-/o's o lo&-/o' usu&'- -o P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 768,o-*+4/s+ 'o4' &s -*+ M/'+&l R+sou+s %+v+lo+'- %+++. MARCOPPER, &ll++(ly,

&-+ +/s-+/' /-s /'/' l&/, l+&'+( o -*+ +'-&l o/+ o -*+ Bu+&u o $o+s-%+v+lo+'- :B$%; -*&- -*+ (/su-+( &+& /s 4/-*/' &' +/s-/' o+s- +s+v&-/o' 'o4' &s -*+<Aus&'=%&v&o=Su/&o $o+s- R+s+v+< +s-&3l/s*+( 3y Pol&&-/o' No. 869 o' $+3u&y 2>,1981 3y -*+' Gov+'o G+'+&l %4/*- $. %&v/s, &'( +&l/?/' -*+ /'v&l/(/-y o /-s /'/' l&/so *&v/' &v&/l+( o & 4o' o+(u+, &3&'(o'+( /-s 16 /'/' l&/s &'( &l/+( o &os+-/' +/- /'s-+&( 4/-* -*+. *+ &+& ov++( 3y /-s &l/&-/o' o's/s-+( o 7,971.0*+-&+s ov+l&/' /-s &3&'(o'+( /'/' l&/s. O' July 1, 19@5, -*+ B$% /ssu+( -o /- &P+/- -o Pos+- No. >55=1281@5.

!o' v+//&-/o' o -*+ +o(s o -*+ BMGS, %&v&o C/-y M/'+&l %/s-/- O/+, /- ou'( -*&--*+ &+& ov++( 3y /-s P+/- -o Elo+ No. 188 /s &lso -*+ su3+- o s+v+&ll&/s(+l&&-/o's o APEX. MARCOPPER /l+( 4/-* -*+ BMGS & <P+-/-/o' o C&'+ll&-/o' o

M/'/' Cl&/s &'(o S&ll S&l+ M/'/' P+/-s< &&/'s- APEX, &ll+/', &o' o-*+s &'( /'su3s-&'+, -*&- -*+ &+& ov++( 3y /-s P+/- -o Elo+ No. 188 &'( -*+ (+l&&-/o's o lo&-/o's/'/' l&/s 3+lo'/' -o APEX &+ 4/-*/' &' +s-&3l/s*+( &'( +/s-/' o+s-+s+v&-/o' &'( -*&- -*+ s&/( /'/' l&/s(+l&&-/o's o lo&-/o' o APEX &+ /'v&l/( o 3+/'v/ol&-/v+ o P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 768 &'( /-s /l++'-/' ul+s &'( +ul&-/o's s/'+ -*+&u/s/-/o' o /'/' /*-s 4/-*/' & o+s- +s+v+ /s -*ou* -*+ /l/' o &l/&-/o' o & +/--o os+- 4/-* -*+ B$% &'( 'o- -*ou* +/s-&-/o' o (+l&&-/o's o lo&-/o' 4/-* -*+ BMGS.

APEX /l+( & Mo-/o' -o %/s/ss M&o+Ds +-/-/o', &ll+/', /' su3s-&'+, -*&- -*+/ /'/'l&/s &+ 'o- 4/-*/' &'y +s-&3l/s*+( o ol&/+( o+s- +s+v+, &'( &s su*, -*+ &u/s/-/o'o /'/' l/*-s -*++-o us- 3+ u'(+-&+' -*ou* -*+ +/s-&-/o' o (+l&&-/o' o lo&-/o'4/-* -*+ BMGS &'( 'o- -*ou* -*+ /l/' o &' &l/&-/o' o +/- -o os+- 4/-* -*+ B$%&'( -*&- -*+ +/- -o os+- &'( +/- -o +lo+ /ssu+( -o MARCOPPER &+ /'o+&-/v+

&'( o 'o l+&l o+ &'( ++-. Mo-/o' -o (/s/ss /s &'-+(. Ao(/'ly, -*+ P+/- -o Elo+No. 188 o -*+ MMC /s *++3y (+l&+( 'ull &'( vo/(.

MARCOPPER &+&l+(. %ENR &-+ (u+ *+&/', +'(++( -*+ &+&l+( (+/s/o' -*+ o(+ 4&s +v+s+( &'( s+- &s/(+. Ao(/'ly P+/- -o Elo+ No. 188 o &+ll&'- M&o+ M/'/' Coo&-/o' /s *++3y (+l&+( v&l/( &'( su3s/s-/'. *+ +s+-/v+ /'/' l&/s o &+ll++s A+ M/'/' Coo&-/o', +- &l., &s 4+ll &s S&ll S&l+ M/'/' P+/- Nos. :X=1;, 07&'( :X=1;, 05, &+ *++3y (+l&+( 'ull &'( vo/( &'(o /'o+&-/v+. *+ %/+-o, Bu+&u o



M/'+s &'( G+o=S/+'+s, /s *++3y (/+-+( -o &'+l -*+ +/s-++( /'/' l&/s &'( -o+vo+ S&ll S&l+ M/'/' P+/-.

*+ o-/o' o +o's/(+&-/o' o s&/( (+/s/o' *&v/' 3++' (+'/+( 3y -*+ %ENR, APEX&+&l+( -*+ &s+ -o -*+ O/+ o -*+ P+s/(+'-, 4*/* -*ou* -*+ Ass/s-&'- E+u-/v+S++-&y o L+&l A&/s, C&'/o C. G&/&, +'(++( & (+/s/o', -*+ /'s-&'- &+&l /s *++3y

(/s/ss+( o l& o +/-. APEX /l+( & o-/o' o +o's/(+&-/o', 3u- -*+ s&+ 4&s (+'/+(.

H+'+ -*/s +-/-/o'.

Issu+s)

1.; F*+-*+ o 'o- -*+ (/su-+( &+& /s 4/-*/' &' +s-&3l/s*+( &'( +/s-/' o+s- +s+v&-/o'

2.; F*+-*+ o 'o- (/su-+( &+&s, 3+/' l+&ly 4/-*/' & o+s- +s+v+, o+' -o /'/' lo&-/o'

Rul/')

1.; -*+ &'s4+ /s /' -*+ &/&-/v+. Pol&&-/o' No. 869 oul( 'o- *&v+, &s & &--+ o l&4,+s-&3l/s*+( & o+s- +s+v+ o -*+ s/l+ +&so' -*&- /- 4&s /ssu+( 'o- o' -*+ 3&s/s o C*&-+ XII, /-l+ " o A- No. 2@>7 'o o' -*+ 3&s/s o S+-/o' 1@26 o A- 2>11 :-*+ R+v/s+(

A(/'/s-&-/v+ Co(+ 4*/* -oo ++- o' Ju'+ 15, 1989;, 3u- o' -*+ 3&s/s o S+-/o' @ o A-2@>7 4*/* +o4+s -*+ Gov+'o=G+'+&l o'ly -o +l&ss/y l&'(s o -*+ u3l/ (o&/'. I'o'/&-/o', Pol&&-/o' No. 869 (o+s 'o- +v+' us+ -*+ 4o( <+s+v+< o <o+s- +s+v+.S+-/o' @ o A- No. 2@>7, -*+ o+ Pu3l/ L&'( A-, -*+ 3&s/s o Pol&&-/o' No. 869,ov/(+s S+-/o' @. O'ly -*os+ l&'(s s*&ll 3+ (+l&+( o+' -o (/sos/-/o' o o'+ss/o'4*/* *&v+ 3++' o//&lly (+l//-+( &'( l&ss//+( &'(, 4*+' &-/&3l+, suv+y+(, &'( 4*/**&v+ 'o- 3++' +s+v+( o u3l/ o u&s/=u3l/ us+s, 'o &o/&-+( 3y -*+ Gov+'o, 'o /'&'y &''+ 3+o+ /v&-+ o+-y, 'o- -*os+ o' 4*/* & /v&-+ /*- &u-*o/?+( &'(+o'/?+( 3y -*/s A- o &'y o-*+ v&l/( l&4 &y 3+ l&/+(, o 4*/*, *&v/' 3++' +s+v+( o

&o/&-+(, *&v+ +&s+( -o (o so. Ho4+v+, -*+ Gov+'o=G+'+&l &y, o +&so's o u3l//'-++s-, (+l&+ l&'(s o -*+ u3l/ (o&/' o+' -o (/sos/-/o' 3+o+ -*+ s&+ *&v+ *&( -*+/ 3ou'(&/+s +s-&3l/s*+( o 3++' suv+y+(, o &y, o -*+ s&+ +&so's, sus+'( -*+/ o'+ss/o' o (/sos/-/o' 3y ol&&-/o' (uly u3l/s*+( o 3y A- o L+/sl&-u+.

$o -*+ &3ov+=uo-+( ov/s/o', -*+ Gov+'o=G+'+&l 4&s s+//&lly +o4++( 'o- o'ly -o(+l&+ l&'(s o u3l/ (o&/' o+' -o (/sos/-/o' 3u- &lso -o sus+'( -*+/ o'+ss/o' o (/sos/-/o'. Ao(/'ly, 4/-*(&4&l o & +-&/' &+& -o +s-&3l/s* & o+s- +s+v+ /s, 4/-*ou-u+s-/o', 4/-*/' -*+ o4+ o -*+ Gov+'o=G+'+&l. *+ -*+' Gov+'o=G+'+&l %4/*- $.%&v/s, /' /ssu/' Pol&&-/o' No. 869, 4/-*(+4 o s+--l++'- o (/sos/-/o' -*+ -&-s o l&'( (+s/3+( -*++/' -o +s-&3l/s* & o+s- +s+v+. *+ /'-+'-/o' &' 3+ l+&'+( o -*+ l&s-&&&* o Pol&&-/o' No. 869, 4*/* +&(s) $o -*/s +s+v+ s*&ll 3+ o's/(++(

&u-o&-/&lly +lu(+( &ll &+&s 4*/* *&( &l+&(y 3++' +-//+( &'( 4*/* /' -*+ u-u+ &y3+ ol&/+( &s l&ss//+( &'( +-//+( 3y -*+ %/+-o o $o+s-y &s 'o'=o+s- l&'(s &'(&ov+( 3y -*+ S++-&y o A/ul-u+ &'( N&-u&l R+sou+s.

2.; *+ (/su-+( &+&s, 3+/' l+&ly 4/-*/' & o+s- +s+v+, &+ 'o- o+' -o /'/' lo&-/o'.S+-/o's @ &'( 18 o P.%. No. 768, &s &+'(+( 3y P.%. No. 18@5

Pusu&'- -o P.%. No. 768, &s &+'(+(, o'+ &' &u/+ /'/' /*-s 4/-*/' o+s- +s+v+s 3y/'/-/&lly &ly/' o & +/- -o os+- 4/-* -*+ Bu+&u o $o+s- &'( %+v+lo+'- :B$%; &'(



su3s+u+'-ly o & +/- -o +lo+ 4/-* -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s &'( G+o=S/+'+s :BMGS;. Su*o+(u&l +u/s/-+s 4++ ol/+( 4/-* &'( u'(+-&+' 3y MARCOPPER &-+ /- *&(&s+-&/'+( -*&- /-s /'/' l&/s 4++ ou'( -o 3+ 4/-*/' -*+ Aus&'=%&v&o=Su/&o $o+s-R+s+v+. O' -*+ o-*+ *&'(, -*+ /'/' l&/s &'( SSMPs o APEX 3+/' lo&-+( 4/-*/' s&/(o+s- +s+v+ &+ /' v/ol&-/o' o -*+ l&4 &'( -*++o+ +sul- /' & &/lu+ -o v&l/(ly &u/+ /'/'/*-s.



2.

G.R. Nos. 152613 & 152628APEX MINING CO., INC., vs. Southeast Mi!aao Go"! Mii# Co$%. SEM' et. a"

G.R. No. 15261()2*

+AI-E COMMNA POR-A MINING COOPERA-I/E vs. Southeast 0i!aao #o"!0ii# o$%.

G.R. No. 1528*)1-E MINES A44ICA-ION +OAR4 AN4 I-S MEM+ERS, -E ON. /IC-OR O. RAMOSChai$0a', N4ERSECRE-AR /IRGIIO MARCEO Me07e$' a! 4IREC-ORORACIO RAMOS Me07e$' vs. southeast 0i!aao #o"! 0ii# o$%o$atio

AC-S9

A o-/o' o +o's/(+&-/o' 4&s /l+( 3y SEM. *+ Ass&/l+( %+/s/o' *+l( -*&- -*+ &ss/'+'-o Elo&-/o' P+/- :EP; 188 /' &vo o SEM v/ol&-+( o'+ o -*+ o'(/-/o's s-/ul&-+( /' -*+

+/-. I- &lso ul+( -*&- -*+ -&'s+ o EP 188 v/ol&-+( P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 768, 4*/*+u/+s -*&- -*+ &ss/'+'- o & /'/' /*- 3+ &(+ 4/-* -*+ /o &ov&l o -*+ S++-&yo -*+ %+&-+'- o E'v/o'+'- &'( N&-u&l R+sou+s :%ENR;. Mo+ov+, -*+ Ass&/l+(%+/s/o' o/'-+( ou- -*&- EP 188 +/+( 3y 'o'=+'+4&l s/'+ /- 4&s 'o- +'+4+( 3+o+ o &-+ /-s +/&-/o'. I- l/+4/s+ u*+l( -*+ v&l/(/-y o Pol&&-/o' No. 29> &3s+'- &'y u+s-/o'&&/'s- /-s v&l/(/-y.

I' v/+4 o -*/s, &'( o's/(+/' -*&- u'(+ S+-/o' 5 o R+u3l/ A- No. >972, o-*+4/s+ 'o4'&s -*+ M/'/' A- o 1995, /'/' o+&-/o's /' /'+&l +s+v&-/o's &y 3+ u'(+-&+'(/+-ly 3y -*+ S-&-+ o -*ou* & o'-&-o, -*+ Cou- (+++( -*+ /ssu+ o o4'+s*/ o /o/-y/*- ov+ -*+ o'-+s-+( %/4&l4&l Gol( Rus* A+& &s *&v/' 3++' ov+-&+' 3y -*+ s&/(ol&&-/o'. *us, /- 4&s *+l( /' -*+ Ass&/l+( %+/s/o' -*&- /- /s 'o4 4/-*/' -*+ +o&-/v+ o

-*+ E+u-/v+ %+&-+'- -o u'(+-&+ (/+-ly -*+ /'/' o+&-/o's o -*+ (/su-+( &+& o -o&4&( -*+ o+&-/o's -o /v&-+ +'-/-/+s /'lu(/' +-/-/o'+s A+ &'( B&l/-+, su3+- -o&l/&3l+ l&4s, ul+s &'( +ul&-/o's, &'( ov/(+( -*&- -*+s+ /v&-+ +'-/-/+s &+ u&l//+(.

A+, o /-s &-, /l+( & Mo-/o' o Cl&//&-/o' o -*+ Ass&/l+( %+/s/o', &y/' -*&- -*+ Cou-+lu/(&-+ o' -*+ %+/s/o'Ks o'ou'++'- -*&- /'/' o+&-/o's, &+ 'o4, -*++o+ 4/-*/'-*+ ull o'-ol o -*+ S-&-+ -*ou* -*+ ++u-/v+ 3&'*. Mo+ov+, A+ &ss -*/s Cou- -oo(+ -*+ M/'+s &'( G+os/+'+s Bo&( :MGB; -o &+- /-s &l/&-/o' o &' +lo&-/o'+/-.

B&l/-+ +*o+s -*+ s&+ o'+' &s -*&- o A+ o' -*+ &-u&l -&+ov+ 3y -*+ S-&-+ o -*+/'/' /'(us-y /' -*+ (/su-+( &+& -o -*+ +lus/o' o -*+ /v&-+ s+-o. I' &((/-/o', B&l/-+

&ys o -*/s Cou- -o (/+- MGB -o &+- /-s &l/&-/o' o &' +lo&-/o' +/-.C&/lo B&'&(, +- &l., l/+4/s+ /l+( & o-/o' o +o's/(+&-/o' &'( &y+( -*&- -*+ (/su-+(&+& 3+ &4&(+( -o -*+.

I' -*+ R+solu-/o', -*+ Cou- E' B&' +solv+( -o &+- -*+ /'s-&'- &s+s.



ISSES9

1. F*+-*+ -*+ -&'s+ o &ss/'+'- o Elo&-/o' P+/- :EP; 188 3y MMC -o SEM 4&sv&l/(ly &(+ 4/-*ou- v/ol&-/' &'y o -*+ -+s &'( o'(/-/o's s+- o-* /' P+s/(+'-/&l %+++No. 768 &'( EP 188 /-s+l.

2. F*+-*+ Sou-*+&s- M/'(&'&o M/'/' Co. &u/+( & v+s-+( /*- ov+ -*+ (/su-+(&+&, 4*/* o's-/-u-+s & o+-y /*- o-+-+( 3y -*+ Co's-/-u-/o'.

8. F*+-*+ -*+ &ss&/l+( %+/s/o' (&-+( 28 Ju'+ 2006 o -*+ */( %/v/s/o' /' -*/s &s+ /so'-&y -o &'( ov+-u's -*+ +&l/+ %+/s/o' o -*/s Cou- /' A+ v. G&/& :G.R. No. 92605,16 July 1991, 199 SCRA 2>@;.

7. F*+-*+ -*+ /ssu&'+ o Pol&&-/o' No. 29> (+l&/' -*+ (/su-+( &+& &s /'+&l+s+v&-/o' ou-4+/*s -*+ l&/s o SEM, A+ M/'/' Co. I'. &'( B&l/-+ Cou'&l Po-&lM/'/' Coo+&-/v+ ov+ -*+ %/4&l4&l Gol( Rus* A+&.

5. F*+-*+ -*+ /ssu+ o -*+ l+&l/-yo's-/-u-/o'&l/-y o Pol&&-/o' No. 29> 4&s 3+l&-+(ly

&/s+(.

E49

1. *+ &ss&/l+( %+/s/o' (/( 'o- ov+-u' -*+ 16 July 1991 %+/s/o' /' A+ M/'/' Co.,I'. v. G&/&. *+ o+ 4&s (+/(+( o' &-s &'( /ssu+s -*&- 4++ 'o- &--+'(&'- /' -*+ l&--+,su* &s -*+ +/&-/o' o EP 188, -*+ v/ol&-/o' o -*+ o'(/-/o' +3o(/+( /' EP 188 o*/3/-/'/-s &ss/'+'-, &'( -*+ u'&u-*o/?+( &'( /'v&l/( &ss/'+'- o EP 188 3y MMC -o SEM, s/'+-*/s &ss/'+'- 4&s ++-+( 4/-*ou- -*+ &ov&l o -*+ S++-&y o %ENR

2. SEM (/( 'o- &u/+ v+s-+( /*- ov+ -*+ (/su-+( &+& 3+&us+ /-s suos+( /*- 4&s+-/'u/s*+( 3y -*+ +/&-/o' o /-s +lo&-/o' +/- &'( 3y /-s v/ol&-/o' o -*+ o'(/-/o'

o*/3/-/' -*+ &ss/'+'- o EP 188 3y MMC -o SEM. I' &((/-/o', +v+' &ssu/' -*&- SEM*&s & v&l/( +lo&-/o' +/-, su* /s & ++ l/+'s+ -*&- &' 3+ 4/-*(&4' 3y -*+ S-&-+. I'&-, -*+ s&+ *&s 3++' 4/-*(&4' 3y -*+ /ssu&'+ o Pol&&-/o' No. 29>, 4*/* l&+s -*+(/su-+( &+& u'(+ -*+ ull o'-ol o -*+ S-&-+ -*ou* -*+ E+u-/v+ %+&-+'-

8. *+ &ov&l +u/++'- u'(+ S+-/o' 9> o P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 768 &l/+s -o-*+ &ss/'+'- o EP 188 3y MMC -o SEM, s/'+ -*+ +lo&-/o' +/- /s &' /'-++s- /' &/'/' l+&s+ o'-&-7. *+ /ssu+ o -*+ o's-/-u-/o'&l/-y &'( -*+ l+&l/-y o Pol&&-/o' No. 29> 4&s &/s+(3+l&-+(ly, &s SEM u+s-/o's -*+ s&+ o -*+ /s- -/+ /' /-s Mo-/o' o R+o's/(+&-/o'. Ev+'/ -*+ /ssu+ 4++ -o 3+ +'-+-&/'+(, -*+ s&/( ol&&-/o' /s ou'( -o 3+ /' *&o'y 4/-* -*+

Co's-/-u-/o' &'( o-*+ +/s-/' s-&-u-+s

5. *+ o-/o' o +o's/(+&-/o' o C&/lo B&'&(, +- &l. &''o- 3+ &ss+( uo' 3+&us+-*+y &+ 'o- &-/+s -o -*+ /'s-&'- &s+s

6. *+ &y+s o A+ &'( B&l/-+ &s/' -*+ Cou- -o (/+- -*+ MGB -o &+- -*+/ &l/&-/o's o +lo&-/o' +/-s &''o- 3+ &'-+(, s/'+ /- /s -*+ E+u-/v+ %+&-+'- -*&-*&s -*+ +o&-/v+ -o &+- su* &l/&-/o's, / +v+ /- (+/(+s -o &4&( -*+ /'/'o+&-/o's /' -*+ (/su-+( &+& -o & /v&-+ +'-/-y



:.

A-O; +IG)<E4GE MINING COMPAN, %etitioe$, vs. ON. IN-ERME4IA-E APPEA-ECOR- a! -;-;AN SAINGAN, $es%o!ets.

ats9

Su3+- L&'(=71,296 su&+ +-+s s/-u&-+( /' -*+ 3&/o o Lu'&3, I-oo', B+'u+-.

Pa$ties9

A. AO BIG=FE%GE MINING COMPAN# :l&//' -*&- -*+ s&/( &+l o l&'( /s & /'+&ll&'(.;B. !!AN SAINGAN :l&//' -*&- -*+ s&/( &+l o l&'( /s &/ul-u&l.;

Cotetios9

A-o= -*+y o'-+'(+( -*&- -*+ s&/( &+l o l&'( 4&s 3+/' +/s-++( /' -*+ o/+ o M/'/'

R+o(+ /' 1921 &'( 1981 usu&'- -o P*/l//'+ B/ll o 1902. I- /s &3ou- s/-++' y+&s 3+o+!!AN (+l&+( -*+ l&'( /' u+s-/o' o -&&-/o' uos+s &'( -*/-y ou :87; y+&s 3+o+/v&-+ +so'(+'- /l+( -*+ l&'( +/s-&-/o' o++(/'s /' 1965. *+y &lso s*o4+( -*+&y+'- o &''u&l &ss+ss+'- ++s o -*+ s&/( l&'( s/'+ 1981.

u-u&'= 4*o 4&s >0 y+&s ol( &- -*+ -/+ *+ -+s-//+( s*o4s -*&- *+ &u/+( -*+ l&'( o*/s &-*+=/'=l&4, %o'&/l, 4*+' *+ &/+( */s (&u*-+ -*&- *+ 4&s -*+' 1@ y+&s ol( -*&- &--*+ -/+ o */s &u/s/-/o', /- 4&s l&'-+( 4/-* &o-+s, &s&v&, l&'&, &3/, o++ &'(&vo&(os -*&- *+ l/v+( o' -*+ l&'( s/'+ */s &/&+ u -o -*+ +s+'- -*&- *+ *&s 3++'&y/' -*+ -&+s (u/' -*+ J&&'+s+ ou&-/o' &'( +v+' 3+o+ /- -*&- *+ 4&s '+v+ (/s-u3+( /' */s oss+ss/o'. Suo-/' */s o&l -+s-/o'y, &l/&'- u-u&' su3/--+( -&(+l&&-/o's 3o-* (&-+( M&* 20, 197@, -*+ o+ o & u&l l&'( &'( -*+ l&--+ o u3&'

l&'( &'( /ov++'- -*++/'.

Issue9

F*+-*+ o 'o- -*+ s&/( &+l o l&'( /s & /'+&l l&'( o &' &/ul-u&l l&'(.

H/s-oy o /'/' A-1. S&'/s* M/'/' L&4 o 1@6>2. P*/l//'+ B/ll O 1902 :A+/&' -/+; 4*+' -*+ su3+- l&'( *&( 3++' +/s-++(8. Coo'4+&l-* A- No. 18> :u'(+ -*+ 1985 Co's-/-u-/o';7. E+u-/v+ O(+ 171 :P+s. M&os 196@;5. P+s/(+'- %+++ No. 1217 :19>>;

All o -*+ /'/' &-s *&v+ & oo' ov/s/o' 4*/* /s -*+ &''u&l +o&'+ o l&3o o u'(+-&/' o /ov++'-s o' -*+ /'+.

e"!9

*+ SC ul+( /' &vo o -*+ u-u&' /' -*+ +&so's -*&-)



A. u-u&' *&v+ ov+' -*&- *+ *&( /' oss+ss/o' o -*+ s&/( l&'( /' & o'+- o &' o4'+,o'-/'uously, o+' &'( u'/'-+u-+( o & +/o( o o+ -*&' 80 y+&s.B. H+ *&( /ov+ &los- 90 o -*+ s&/( &+l o l&'(.C. H+ *&( &/( -& (+l&&-/o' o -*+ s&/( l&'( s/'+ 197@ u -o +s+'-.

I- /s +v/(+'- -*&- A-o *&( +/s-++( -*+ l&'( /o -*&' u-u&' 3u- s-/ll -*+ SC ul+( /' &vo o u-u&' o -*+ +&so's)

A. P&y+'- o &''u&l &ss+ss+'- ++ /s 'o- +'ou* oo. *++ us- 3+ &' &''u&l+o&'+ o l&3o o u'(+-&/' o /ov++'-s /' -*+ /'+.B. F*+' &' oul& suv+y 4&s &(+, /- 4&s +v/(+'- -*&- -*++ 4&s No /ov++'-s 3+/'&(+ /' -*+ s&/( l&'( &'( -*++ /s &'y s/' o /'/' *&( *&+'+( /' -*+ l&'(. H+'+, -*++-/-/o' /s %ENIE%.



22.

G.R. No. 168101

BENG!E CORPORAION vs. %EPARMEN O$ EN"IRONMEN AN% NA!RALRESO!RCES=MINES A%J!%ICAION BOAR% &'( J.G. REAL# AN% MINING

CORPORAION

$ACS)

B+'u+- &'( J.G. R+&l-y +'-++( /'-o & Roy&l-y A+++'- 4/-* O-/o' -o Pu*&s+ :RAFOP; ,4*++/' J.G. R+&l-y 4&s &'o4l+(+( &s -*+ o4'+ o ou /'/' l&/s 4/-* & -o-&l &+& o 2@@.@656 *+-&+s. *+ &-/+s &lso ++u-+( & Sul++'-&l A+++'-.*+ /'/' l&/s4++ ov++( 3y M/'+&l Po(u-/o' S*&/' A+++'- :MPSA; Al/&-/o' No. APSA="=0009

o/'-ly /l+( 3y J.G. R+&l-y &s l&/=o4'+ &'( B+'u+- &s o+&-o.

A-+ so+ -/+, -*+ E+u-/v+ "/+=P+s/(+'- o B+'u+-, A'-o'/o N. &*ul/', /ssu+( & l+--+ /'o/' J.G. R+&l-y o /-s /'-+'-/o' -o (+v+lo -*+ /'/' l&/s. Ho4+v+, J.G. R+&l-y, -*ou*

/-s P+s/(+'-, Jo*''y L. &', -*+' s+'- & l+--+ -o -*+ P+s/(+'- o B+'u+- /'o/' -*+ l&--+ -*&- /- 4&s -+/'&-/' -*+ RAFOP. *+ l&--+ &ll++( -*&- +-/-/o'+ v/ol&-+( so+ o -*+ov/s/o's o -*+ RAFOP, s+//&lly o' 'o'=&y+'- o oy&l-/+s &'( 'o'=ul/ll+'- o o3l/&-/o's s-/ul&-+( -*++/'.

J.G. R+&l-y /l+( & P+-/-/o' o %+l&&-/o' o Null/-yC&'+ll&-/o' o -*+ RAFOP. POA /ssu+( &%+/s/o', &'+ll/' -*+ RAFOP &'( /-s Sul++'-&l A+++'-. BENG!E 4&ssu3s+u+'-ly +lu(+( o -*+ o/'- MPSA Al/&-/o' ov+ -*+ /'+&l l&/s. Su3s+u+'-MR 4&s (+'/+(. S&/( (+/s/o' 4&s u*+l( 3y %ENR=MAB.

H+'+ -*/s /'s-&'- +-/-/o'.

ISS!E)

F*+-*+ o 'o -*+ /l/' o -*+ +-/-/o' 4/-* -*+ Su++ Cou- /s o+.

HEL%)

NO. -*+ /'s-&'- +-/-/o' &' 3+ (+'/+( ou-/*- &s B+'u+- +so-+( -o &' /o+ R++(y.

*+ l&s- &&&* o S+-/o' >9 o R+u3l/ A- No. :RA; >972 o -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o 1995 s-&-+s, A +-/-/o' o +v/+4 3y +-/o&/ &'( u+s-/o' o l&4 &y 3+ /l+( 3y -*+&/+v+( &-y 4/-* -*+ Su++ Cou- 4/-*/' -*/-y :80; (&ys o ++/- o -*+ o(+ o

(+/s/o' o -*+ MAB.

*+ R+v/s+( Rul+s o C/v/l Po+(u+ /'lu(+( Rul+ 78 -o ov/(+ & u'/o ul+ o'&+&ls o u&s/=u(//&l &+'/+s. !'(+ -*+ ul+, &+&ls o -*+/ u(+'-s &'( /'&lo(+s &+ 'o4 +u/+( -o 3+ 3ou*- -o -*+ CA o' & v+//+( +-/-/o' o +v/+4. A u&s/=u(//&l&+'y o 3o(y *&s 3++' (+/'+( &s &' o&' o ov+'+'-, o-*+ -*&' & ou- o l+/sl&-u+,4*/* &+-s -*+ /*-s o /v&-+ &-/+s -*ou* +/-*+ &(u(/&-/o' o ul+=&/'. MAB &llsu'(+ -*/s (+/'/-/o' *+'+, /- /s 'o (/++'- o -*+ o-*+ u&s/=u(//&l 3o(/+s +'u+&-+(u'(+ Rul+ 78.



*+ u(//&l ol/y o o3s+v/' -*+ */+&*y o ou-s (/-&-+s -*&- (/+- +so- o&(/'/s-&-/v+ &+'/+s -o -*/s Cou- 4/ll 'o- 3+ +'-+-&/'+(, u'l+ss -*+ +(+ss (+s/+( &''o-3+ o3-&/'+( o -*+ &o/&-+ lo4+ -/3u'&ls, o u'l+ss ++-/o'&l &'( o+ll/'/us-&'+s us-/y &v&/l+'- o & ++(y &ll/' 4/-*/' &'( &ll/' o -*+ ++/s+ o ou /&y u/s(/-/o', +.., l& o &3us+ o (/s+-/o'.

*us B+'u+- s*oul( *&v+ /l+( -*+ &+&l 4/-* -*+ CA /s- v/& Rul+ 78.

P+-/-/o'+ *&v/' &/l+( -o o+ly &+&l -o -*+ CA u'(+ Rul+ 78, -*+ (+/s/o' o -*+ MAB *&s3+o+ /'&l &'( ++u-oy. O' -*/s ou'( &lo'+, -*+ /'s-&'- +-/-/o' us- 3+ (+'/+(.



6.

+e#uet Co$% vs. o. Osa$ eviste i his a%ait= as P$esi!i# u!#e o> R-C & e"e4i?o)Re=es

AC-S9

= H+l+' %/?o' R+y+s ++u-+( SPA o's-/-u-/' C+l+s-/'o %/?o', *+ &-*+ &s A--y=I'=$&--o -&'s+, &ss/' (/sos+ o-*+ 11 /'/' l&/s.= AI$ +'-++( /'-o &+++'- 4/-* B+'u+- Co. &'( %/?o' M/'+s 4*++3y /- 4&s &'-+(-*+ /*- -o +lo+, (+v+lo, +lo/- o+&-+ -*+ 5> /'/' l&/s /'lu(/' -*+ 11 l&/s o /v&-+ +so'(+'-.= 8 os. A-+ -*+ %++( o R&-//&-/o' o Ass/'+'- 4/-* %/?o' M/'+s 4&s &(+, /v&-++so'(+'- +vo+( -*+ SPA /l+( 4/-* -*+ RC o -*+ (+l&&-/o' o O+&-/o's A+++'-&s 'ull &'( vo/( o *ys/olo/&l /'&&/-y o C+l+s-/'o Q%/?o' -o /v+ */s o's+'- -*++-o,4*/* 4&s &'-+( 3y s&/( ou-.= B+'u+- Co. /l+( & Mo-/o' -o %/s/ss o' -*+ . ou'(s)1; *+ ou- /s 4/-*ou- u/s(/-/o' ov+ -*+ su3+- &--+ &'( '&-u+ o -*+ &-/o'.

2; *+ &-/o' /s 3&+( 3y /o u(+'- &'( l&*+s8; *+ &-/o' -o (+l&+ /'v&l/( -*+ %++( o QR&-//&-/o' *&s +s/3+(7; *+ v+'u+ o -*+ &-/o' 4&s /o+ly l&/(.

= *+ o-/o' 4&s (+'/+( 3y -*+ -/&l ou- /'lu(/' /-s o-/o' o +o's/(+&-/o'. H+'+,-*/s +-/-/o'.

ISSE9

FON -*+ RC *&s u/s(/-/o' ov+ &s+s /'volv/' &'+ll&-/o' &'(o +'o++'- o /'/'o'-&-s

E49

P% 1521 4*/* -oo ++- o' J&'u&y 16, 19>@ v+s-s -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s 4/-* u/s(/-/o'&lsu+v/s/o' &'( o'-ol ov+ &ll *ol(+s o /'/' l&/s o &l/&'-s o &'(o &'-++s o /'/' l/+'s+s, +/-s, l+&s+s &'(o o+&-os -*++o, /'lu(/' /'/' s+v/+ o'-&-s&'( s+v/+ o'-&-os /'so& &s -*+/ /'/' &-/v/-/+s &+ o'+'+(. o ++-/v+ly (/s*&+/-s -&s &s -*+ Gov+'+'-Ds & /' -*+ &(/'/s-&-/o' &'( (/sos/-/o' o /'+&l +sou+s,S+-/o' > o P.%. No. 12@1 o'+s uo' -*+ Bu+&u u&s/=u(//&l o4+s &s ollo4s)

<SEC. >. I' &((/-/o' -o /-s +ul&-oy &'( &(u(/&-/v+ u'-/o's ov+ o&'/+s, &-'+s*/ o +so's +'&+( /' /'/' +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'- &'( +lo/-&-/o', -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+ss*&ll *&v+ o//'s &'( +lus/v+ u/s(/-/o' -o *+& &'( (+/(+ &s+s /'volv/')

<:; &'+ll&-/o' &'(o +'o++'- o /'/' o'-&-s (u+ -o -*+ +us&l o -*+l&/o4'+o+&-o -o &3/(+ 3y -*+ -+s &'( o'(/-/o's -*++o.

I' -*+ &s+ &- 3&, /- /s 'o- (/su-+( -*&- -*+ su3+- &+++'- /s & /'/' o'-&- &'( /v&-++so'(+'-, /' s++/' & u(//&l (+l&&-/o' o /-s 'ull/-y, (o+s 'o- 4/s* -o &3/(+ 3y /-s -+s &'(o'(/-/o's. *+s+ +l++'-s &lo'+ 3/' -*+ &-/o' 4/-*/' -*+ &3/- o S+-/o' > o P.%. [email protected]*&-+v+ -*+ 3&s/s o -*+ +us&l -o &3/(+ 3y -*+ o'-&-Ds -+s &'( o'(/-/o's, -*+ 3&s/



/ssu+ +&/'s o'+ o /-s &'+ll&-/o', 4*/* /s +/s+ly 4*&- P.%. No. 12@1 l&+s 4/-*/' -*++lus/v+ o//'&l u/s(/-/o' o -*+ Bu+&u.

*+ +&so' u'(+ly/' su* +us&l /s /'(++( &' /+l+v&'- &--+ /'so& &s u/s(/-/o'&lo+-+'+ /s o'+'+(, o -o &+ u/s(/-/o' (++'(+'- -*++o' 4oul( 'o- o'ly 3+<&-/y/' -4o u(//&l 3o(/+s ++/s/' u/s(/-/o' ov+ &' +ss+'-/&lly -*+ s&+ su3+- &--+ &

s/-u&-/o' &'&loous -o sl/- u/s(/-/o' 4*/* /s o3'o/ous -o -*+ o(+ly &(/'/s-&-/o' o us-/+< 3u- &lso l+&ly /'o/' -*+ o3+- o P.%. 12@1 -o &+ -*+ &(u(/&-/o' o /'/'&s+s & u+ly &(/'/s-&-/v+ &--+.

I' -*+ l/*- o ou ul/' -*&- -*+ u/s(/-/o' ov+ /v&-+ +so'(+'-Ds &-/o' -o &''ul -*+O+&-/o's A+++'- +-&/'/' -o -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s &'( G+o=S/+'+s &-*+ -*&' -*++/o'&l -/&l ou-, -*+ u+s-/o' o v+'u+ 3+o+s /&-+/&l.

Co's/(+/' u-*+ -*&- -*+ o-*+ /ssu+s &/s+( 3y +-/-/o'+, '&+ly +s u(/&-&, l&*+s &'(+s/-/o' &+ &-u&l &--+s 4*/* &+ 'o- o'ly /o+ /' & +-/-/o' o +-/o&/ 3u- 4*/*,o+ /o-&'-ly, +-/-/o'+ &/l+( -o su3s-&'-/&-+, 'o ul/' o' -*+s+ /ssu+s '++( 3+ &(+.

FHERE$ORE, -*+ /'s-&'- +-/-/o' /s GRANE%. *+ &ss&/l+( o(+s o M&* 26, 19@2 &'(Ju'+ 20, 19@8 &+ s+- &s/(+ &'( C/v/l C&s+ No. =801>1 o -*+ R+/o'&l /&l Cou- o u+?o'C/-y, B&'* XC"II, /s o(++( %ISMISSE%. */s (+/s/o' /s /+(/&-+ly ++u-oy. Cos-s&&/'s- /v&-+ +so'(+'-



.

G.R. No. L=27>5> O-o3+ 25, 196>MARCOS B. COMILANG vs. HON. GENEROSO A. B!EN%IA

$ACS)

A3ou- -*+ y+& 190@, N/ol&s Co/l&' s-&+( & /'/' l&/ 'o4' &s -*+ <Bu& $&-/o'M/'+&l Cl&/< ov+ & &+l o l&'( /' u(/', B+'u+-, Mou'-&/' Pov/'+, 4/-* &' &+& o >6,@09 su&+ +-+s, o+ o l+ss. H/s +lo&-/o' 4os /' -*+ /'/' l&/ (/( 'o- l&s- o lo', o *+ &3&'(o'+( /-, &'( s-o+( -*+ +lo&-/o', 3u- *+ o'-/'u+( -o l/v+ /' -*+ *ous+ *+3u/l- o' & o-/o' o -*+ l&'( 4/-* */s 4/+, 3o-*+s &'( s/s-+s.I' -*+ y+& 191@, M&&/o Co/l&' &lso s+--l+( o' & o-/o' o -*+ l&'( 4/-* &' &+& o &3ou-o'+ :1; *+-&+, o +s/(+'-/&l &'( &/ul-u&l uos+s. A-+ */s (+&-*, */s (&u*-+, $&3/&'&Co/l&' P++? +&/'+( -o l/v+ /' -*+ *ous+ 3u/l- 3y *+ &-*+ o' -*+ l&'(. S-/ll l&-+, o-*+ +l&-/v+s o -*+ ol( N/ol&s Co/l&' s+--l+( &'( 3u/l- -*+/ o4' *ous+s ov+ o-*+ o-/o's o -*+ l&'(, o'+ o 4*/* *ous+s 4&s &u/+( 3y A3(o' %+l+'+l& 4*o 'o4 +s/(+s o' -*+ l&'(4/-* -*+ o-*+ Co/l&' *+/s.Su&+ /*-s ov+ -*+ &+& +3&+( /' -*+ o//'&l Bu& $&-/o' M/'+&l Cl&/ o N/ol&s

Co/l&' soo' 3+&+ -*+ su3+- o l/-/&-/o' /' -*+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o B&u/o C/-y :C/v/lC&s+ No. 250 A-/o' -o u/+- /-l+;, /'s-/-u-+( 3y -*+ *+/s o Gu/ll+&, M&+l/'&, Jul/&',/o-+o, M+l+/o &'( M&&/o, &ll su'&+( Co/l&', &&/'s- &+ll&'- *++/' M&osCo/l&' 4*o l&/+( -o *&v+ 3ou*- -*+ /*-s &'( /'-++s- o N/ol&s Co/l&' /' -*+ ol(/'/' l&/. I' & (+/s/o' +'(++( /' s&/( &s+ No. 250, (&-+( Nov+3+ 26, 1952, -*+ ou-(/s/ss+( 3o-* l&/s o o4'+s*/ o -*+ l&/'-/s &'( -*+ (++'(&'- &'( (+l&+( -*+ &+&u3l/ l&'(. *+ ou-, *o4+v+, +o'/?+( -*+ oss+ss/o' o -*+ &-/+s ov+ +-&/' s+//+(o-/o's o -*+ &+&, &o' 4*/* 4&s &' &+& o &3ou- o'+ &'( o'+=*&l :1=12; *+-&+s /'oss+ss/o' o M&os Co/l&', 4*/* *&s 3++' (+l&+( o -&&-/o' uos+s /' */s '&+.*/s (+/s/o' 4&s &/+( 3y -*+ Cou- o A+&ls /' CA=G.R. No. 1115>=R o' O-o3+ 29,1955.I' -*+ s&+ y+&, -*+ 1=12 *+-&+s o l&'( ou/+( 3y M&os Co/l&', -*+' (+l&+( u'(+

& %+l&&-/o' No. 7>>1 /' */s '&+, 4&s l+v/+( uo' &'( sol( &- u3l/ &u-/o' 3y -*+ s*+/ o Mou'-&/' Pov/'+ -o s&-/sy & u(+'- o & su o o'+y o3-&/'+( 3y -*+ sous+s Jos+Colo& &'( Eu+'/& Ru3&o& &&/'s- M&os Co/l&' /' -*+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o B&u/o, /' C/v/l C&s+ No. 1788. *+ u(+'- +(/-os 4++ -*+ u*&s+s &- -*+ &u-/o' s&l+,&'( & +-//&-+ o s&l+ 4&s ++u-+( /' -*+/ &vo 3y -*+ s*+/ o' Ju'+ 1, 195>.I' -*+ +&'-/+, &' &l/&-/o' o lo(+ &-+'- ov+/' -*+ Bu& $&-/o' M/'+&l Cl&/ 4&s/l+( 4/-* -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s. A3(o' %+l+'+l& &'( */s o=*+/s /l+( -*+/ oos/-/o' -o -*+&l/&-/o'. P+'(/' -*+ o'-ov+sy 3+o+ -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s, %+l+'+l& &'( */s o=*+/s/'s-/-u-+( &' &-/o' o (+-+/'&-/o' o -*+/ /*-s o' -*+ l&'( /' -*+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o B&u/o C/-y, (o+-+( &s C/v/l C&s+ No. >85. *+ &-/+s su3/--+( &' &/&3l+ s+--l++'-+o'/?/' o=o4'+s*/ &o' -*+s+lv+s o -*+ Bu& M/'+&l Cl&/. I' & (+/s/o' +'(++(/' s&/( C&s+ No. >85, (&-+( M&* 8, 195@, -*+ ou- &4&(+( o'+=*&l /' u'(/v/(+( s*&+ /'

-*+ /'+&l l&/ /' &vo o M&os Co/l&', &'( -*+ o-*+ *&l &lso /' u'(/v/(+( s*&+ /'&vo o A3(o' %+l+'+l& &'( o=*+/s.L&-+, /' -*+ ++/s+ o -*+/ /*- &s o=o4'+s, A3(o' %+l+'+l& &'( Gu/ll+o P++?, 4/-* -*+'o4l+(+ &'( o'o/-y o M&os Co/l&', +(+++( &'( 3ou*- o -*+ Colo&sous+s, -*+ l&--+Ds /*-s, -/-l+, /'-++s- &'( l&/ -o -*+ 1=12 *+-&+s o l&'( &u/+( u'(+ -*+ +-//&-+ o s&l+ -*++o ++u-+( /' -*+ l&--+Ds &vo 3y -*+ s*+/ o' Ju'+ 1, 195>. */s+(+-/o' s&l+ -oo l&+ o' Ju'+ 11, [email protected]' $+3u&y 9, 1959, -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s +o+'(+( -*+ /ssu&'+ o & lo(+ &-+'- ov+ -*+ Bu& M/'+&l Cl&/ /' &vo o M&os Co/l&', %+l+'+l&, &'( -*+ o-*+ l&/&'-s /' -*+



oo-/o' o o'+=*&l :12; /' u'(/v/(+( s*&+ /' &vo o M&os Co/l&', &'( -*+ o-*+ o'+=*&l :12; &lso /' u'(/v/(+( s*&+ /' &vo o %+l+'+l& &'( -*+ o-*+ *+/s usu&'- -o -*+(+/s/o' o M&* 8, 195@, &o++'-/o'+(, /' C/v/l C&s+ No. >85.O' Auus- 12, 1959, uo' o-/o' o A3(o' %+l+'+l& &'( P++?, 4*o *&v+ -*us &u/+( &'(su++(+( -o -*+ /*-s o -*+ Colo& sous+s o' -*+ 1=12 *+-&+s, -*+ Mu'//&l Cou- o B&u/o C/-y /ssu+( & 4/- o oss+ss/o' /' -*+/ &vo (/+-/' -*+ s*+/ o Mou'-&/' Pov/'+

-o +v/- M&os Co/l&' &'( */s 4/+ o -*+ 1=12 *+-&+s o l&'( sol( /' -*+ ++u-/o' s&l+.I' & +-/-/o' o +-/o&/ 4/-* +l//'&y /'u'-/o' /l+( /' -*+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o B&u/oC/-y, (o+-+( &s C/v/l C&s+ No. @9>, M&/& N/+-o (+ Co/l&', 4/+ o M&os Co/l&',u+s-/o'+( -*+ o4+ o -*+ Mu'//&l Cou- -o /ssu+ s&/( 4/- o oss+ss/o' o' -4o ou'(s,'&+ly) :1; -*&- o'u&l o+-y *&( 3++' l+v/+( uo' &'( sol( /' -*+ ++u-/o' s&l+, &'( *+ s*&+ -*++/' /s &+-+( &'( :2; -*&- -*++ &' 3+ 'o s+v+&'+ o su&+ /*-s ov+ & /'+&ll&/ lo&-+( u'(+ -*+ P*/l//'+ B/ll o 1902, &'( +-/-/o'+ &u+( -*&- -*+ s*+/ oul( 'o-*&v+ v&l/(ly sol( -*+ su&+ /*-s /' -*+ ++u-/o' s&l+ o Ju'+ 1, 195>. O' $+3u&y 28, 1961,-*+ ou- +'(++( & (+/s/o' /' s&/( &s+, *ol(/' -*&- -*+ 4/- o oss+ss/o' /ssu+( 3y -*++so'(+'- Mu'//&l Ju(+ 4&s 4/-*/' */s o+-+'+ &'( u/s(/-/o'. O' &+&l -o -*+Su++ Cou-, (o+-+( &s G. R. No. L=1@@9>, & (+/s/o' 4&s +'(++( o' M&* 81, 1967,-*+ (/sos/-/v+ o-/o' o 4*/* /s &s ollo4s)

$o -*+ o+o/' o's/(+&-/o's -*+ u(+'- &+&l+( o /s *++3y &/+( /'so& &s /-(+'/+s -*+ +-/-/o' o M&/& N/+-o (+ Co/l&' -o +lu(+ o -*+ s&l+, o &''ul -*+ s&l+ o'++u-/o' o -*+ +s/(+'-/&l lo- o+ly o4'+( 3y *+ *us3&'(, o 1=12 *+-&+s ov++( /' -*+/'&l +-//&-+ o s&l+ 3u- -*&- &- o -*+ &+&l+( (+/s/o' *ol(/' -*&- -*+ s&l+ &- u3l/&u-/o' /'lu(+( -*+ 12 u'(/v/(+( s*&+ o M&os Co/l&' -o -*+ Bu& M/'+&l Cl&/, /s*++3y s+- &s/(+ &'( s&/( /'+&l /*-s o M&os Co/l&' &+ *++3y (+l&+( ++ o -*+++u-/o' o s&l+ o' ++u-/o'.*+ (+/s/o' *&v/' 3+o+ /'&l, A3(o' %+l+'+l& &'( Gu/ll+o P++? +/-+&-+( -*+/ o-/o'/' -*+ Mu'//&l Cou- o B&u/o C/-y /' C/v/l C&s+ No. 1788, &y/' -*&- &' &l/&s 4/- o oss+ss/o' 3+ /ssu+( -o +v/- M&os Co/l&' &'( */s 4/+ o -*+ 1=12 *+-&+s o l&'( /'u+s-/o'. O' Auus- 11, 1967, ov+ -*+ o3+-/o' o M&os Co/l&', -*+ ou- /ssu+( -*+ 4/-&y+( o.

$o & s+o'( -/+, & +-/-/o' o +-/o&/ &'( &'(&us 4/-* +l//'&y /'u'-/o' 4&s/'s-/-u-+( 3y M&os Co/l&' /' -*+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o B&u/o C/-y s++/' -*+&''ul+'- o -*+ o(+ &'-/' -*+ &l/&s 4/- o oss+ss/o' /' &vo o %+l+'+l& &'( P++?, &'(&&/' -*+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o B&u/o -*+4 ou- -*+ +-/-/o' /' /-s o(+ (&-+( O-o3+ 22,1967. *+ ou- ++ss+( /-s v/+4s /' -*+ ollo4/' &-/o'&l+)*+ o'+ &'( o'+=*&l *+-&+s o l&'( +++( -o -*++/' :S.C. (+/s/o'; /s -*+ s&+ &+l o l&'( &'( *ous+ &3ov+=(+s/3+( 4*/* 4&s &l+&(y sol( &- u3l/ &u-/o' -o -*+ +so'(+'-s,Gu/ll+o P++? &'( A3(o' %+l+'+l&.*+ s&/( u(+'- /s +s &(u(/&-& &'( -*+ o's+u+'- ++u-/o', &'( -*+ 4/- o oss+ss/o' /s3u- /-s '++ss&y o's+u+'+.

All -*+ &u-*o/-/+s /-+( 3y -*+ +-/-/o'+ 4++ 'o lo'+ o &'y v&lu+ 3+&us+ -*+y 4++'++ss&/ly &ss+( uo' &'( (/sos+( o /' -*+ ous+ o /'&lly (+/(/' -*+ &s+.

F*++o+, -*+ +-/-/o' o +-/o&/ /s *++3y (+'/+(.M&os Co/l&' /s 'o4 3+o+ !s o' &+&l o -*/s l&s- (+/s/o'.

A+ll&'- o'-+'(s -*&- -*+ lo4+ ou- ++( /' (+'y/' */s +-/-/o' o' -*+ ou'( o +s&(u(/&-&, &u/' -*&- /- 4&s */s 4/+ M&/& N/+-o (+ Co/l&', &'( 'o- 3+, -*+ &-y /' -*+o+ &s+ &+&l+( -o -*+ Su++ Cou- /' G. R. No. L=1@@9>. *++o+, /- /s l&/+(, o'+o -*+ +u/s/-+s o +s &(u(/&-& /s l&/'. F+ /'( 'o +/- /' -*+ &u+'-. As *us3&'( &'(4/+ &'( 3+o+ -*+ (/ssolu-/o' o -*+/ &/-&l u'/o', -*+/ /'-++s- /' -*+ s&/( o+-y /s o'+&'( -*+ s&+. *+ &- -*&- -*+ 4/+ 4&s -*+ &-y /' -*+ o+ &s+ 4*/l+ /- /s -*+ *us3&'(4*o /s -*+ +-/-/o'+ /' -*+ /'s-&'- &s+, 4*+' &(/--+(ly 3o-* &-/o's 4++ /'s-/-u-+( o -*+



o-+-/o' o -*+/ oo' /'-++s- -*++/', /s 'o &u+'- -o -*+ oos/-/o' -*&- -*++ /s 'o/(+'-/-y o &-/+s /' -*+s+ &s+s. Su* /(+'-/-y o /'-++s- /s +'ou* -o *ol( -*&- -*+y &+ /vy -oo'+ &'o-*+, *&v/' & oo' /'-++s- /' -*+ o+-y. N+/-*+ /s /- -+'&3l+ -o o'-+'( -*&- -*+/ssu+ /'volv+( /' -*+ -4o &s+s &+ 'o- /(+'-/&l. I- &''o- 3+ (/su-+( -*&- /' 3o-* &s+s, -*+&/' +l/+ sou*- /s -*+ &''ul+'- o 4/-s o oss+ss/o' /ssu+( 3y -*+ Mu'//&l Cou- o B&u/o C/-y (/+-/' -*+ s*+/ o'+'+( -o +v/- -*+ sous+s Co/l&' o -*+ l&'(, &'( -*+

u+s-/o's /'volv+( /' 3o-* &s+s +-&/' -o -*+ l+&l/-y o v&l/(/-y o -*os+ 4/-s &o++'-/o'+(.I' -*+ (+/s/o' /' L=1@@9>, -*/s Cou- sus-&/'+( -*+ v&l/(/-y o -*+ ++u-/o' s&l+. *++ &' 3+'o (ou3-, -*++o+, -*&- -*+ u(+'- /' -*+ o+ &s+ /s 3/'(/' /' -*+ /'s-&'- o++(/'.I- /s &u+( u-*+ 3y -*+ &+ll&'- -*&- -*+ /'&l +-//&-+ o s&l+ o'v+y/' -*+ l&'( (+s/3+(/' & %+l&&-/o' No. 7>>1 -o -*+ u*&s+s /' -*+ ++u-/o' s&l+ /s 'o- & v&l/( (/sos/-/o' o &o-/o' o -*+ u3l/ (o&/', &'( s+/&lly /' v/+4 o -*+ su3s+u+'- /ssu&'+ o & /'+&l lo(+&-+'- ov+ -*+ Bu& M/'+&l Cl&/ 3y -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s :P&-+'- /ssu+( o' Nov+3+ >,1966; 4*++3y ull o4'+s*/ 'o- o'ly o -*+ /'+&ls -*++/' 3u- &lso o -*+ su&+ ou'(*&v+ 3++' o'v+y+( -o -*+ &-+'-++ -*++o, &'(, -*++o+, -*+ Mu'//&l Cou- o B&u/o C/-y&y 'o lo'+ ++- -*+ o -*+ l&'(.F+ (o 'o- &++ 4/-* -*+ o'-+'-/o' o -*+ &+ll&'-.*+ Cou- *&s 'o- ov+loo+( -*+ (o-/'+s *+&v/ly +l/+( uo' 3y -*+ &+ll&'- -*&- -*+

o+'- -*+ lo&-o (/sov++( & v&lu&3l+ /'+&l (+os/- o' -*+ l&'( lo&-+(, &'( ++-+( */slo&-/o' /' &o(&'+ 4/-* -*+ ov/s/o's o -*+ P*/l//'+ B/ll o 1902, -*+ o4+ o -*+Gov+'+'- -o (+/v+ */ o -*+ +lus/v+ /*- -o oss+ss/o' o -*+ lo&-+( l&/ 4&s o'+,-*+ l&'( *&( 3+o+ /'+&l l&'( &'( -*+y 4++ ++-+( o -*+ l&'(s -*&- oul( 3+ &'-+(-o &'y o-*+ +so' :M%&'/+l v. A&/3l+ &'( Cu/s/&, 72 P*/l. >79, >56; &'( -*&- 4*+' &lo&-/o' o & /'/' l&/ /s ++-+( u'(+ s&/( l&4, /- *&s -*+ ++- o & &'- 3y -*+ !'/-+(S-&-+s o -*+ /*- o +s+'- oss+ss/o', 4/-* -*+ /*- -o -*+ +lus/v+ +'oy+'- o &ll -*+su&+ ou'( &s 4+ll &s o &ll -*+ /'+&ls 4/-*/' -*+ l/'+s o -*+ l&/ :Gol( C++ M/'/'Coo&-/o' v. Ro(/u+?, 66 P*/l. 259;. F+ &+ &lso o'/?&'- o -*+ ul+ /'vo+( 3y -*+&+ll&'- -*&- 4*+' /us-&'+s *&v+ &/s+' su3s+u+'- -o -*+ +&'(/' o -*+ +o( o-*+ Su++ Cou- -o -*+ -/&l ou-, & s-&y o ++u-/o' &y 3+ &llo4+( o' ou'(s 4*/* &+/' -*+/ '&-u+ +ul/&ly +u/-&3l+, &s o /'s-&'+, -o /v+ (++'(&'- &' oo-u'/-y -o s+- o &

l&/ &&/'s- l&/'-/ :C*u& A. H. L++ v. M&&, 51 P*/l. 627; o 4*+' &-+ u(+'- *&s 3++'+'(++( &'( /- *&s 3+o+ /'&l, &-s &'( /us-&'+s -&'s/+ 4*/* +'(++( /-s++u-/o' /oss/3l+ &'( u'us-, -*+ /'-++s-+( &-y &y &s -*+ ou- -o &l-+ o o(/y -*+

u(+'- -o *&o'/?+ -*+ s&+ 4/-* us-/+ &'( -*+ &-s :%+ l& Cos-& v. Cl+o&s, 6> P*/l.6@6 R+&l/?& v. %u&-+, L=2502>, L=2052@ L=20529, Auus- 81, 196>; &'( -*/s +&/'s -u+,'o-4/-*s-&'(/' &/&'+ o -*+ u(+'- 3y -*+ Su++ Cou-, 4*/* /&-s 'o */*+ u&l/-y -*&' -o & /'&l u(+'- u'&+&l+( o, ++- -*&- /- &''o- 3+ u+s-/o'+( o +v/+4+( :C*u& A. H. L++ v. M&&, su&;. Ho4+v+, -*+s+ &u-*o/-/+s, 3y 'o +&'s, +'(+ -*+&u+'- o *++/' &+ll&'- u'&ss&/l&3l+ . *++ &+ &-u&l (/++'+s /' -*+ s+--/'s o -*+&s+ /-+( &'( -*+ o'+ &- 3&, -*+ +u/-/+s o 4*/* +u/+ -*+ &l/&-/o' o & (/++'- ul+.o 3+/' 4/-*, -*+ 1= *+-&+s o-/o's o -*+ Bu& $&-/o' M/'+&l Cl&/ (+s/3+( /' &%+l&&-/o' No. 7>>1 /' -*+ '&+ o *++/' &+ll&'- 4&s l+v/+( uo' &'( sol( &- u3l/ &u-/o'

-o s&-/sy -*+ o'+y u(+'- &&/'s- */ /' C/v/l C&s+ No. 1788 o -*+ Mu'//&l Cou- o B&u/o C/-y, &'( -*+ o+so'(/' +-//&-+ o s&l+ 4&s /ssu+( /' &vo o -*+ u(+'-+(/-os. I'-++s- &u/+( u'(+ l/+ +-//&-+s o s&l+ &lo'+ *&s 3++' (+s/3+( &s o+-*&' & l/+' o' -*+ o+-y, o+ -*&' &' +u/-&3l+ +s-&-+, &' /'*o&-+ l+&l -/-l+ -o -*+ o+-y.:21 A. Ju., s+-/o' 267, . 188;. *+ v&l/(/-y o -*&- s&l+ 4&s u+s-/o'+( 4*+' -*+ Mu'//&lCou- o(++( -*+ +v/-/o' o &+ll&'- o -*+ l&'( sol( o' ++u-/o', &'( -*+ Su++ Cou-(+l&+( /' L=1@@9> -*&- -*+ s&l+ 4&s v&l/(. *+ s&l+ o+&-+( -o (/v+s- &+ll&'- o */s /*-s -o-*+ l&'( 4*/* v+s-+( /' -*+ u*&s+s &- -*+ &u-/o' s&l+. *+ &-/+s *++/' su3s+u+'-lyl/-/&-+( -*+/ /*-s -o -*+ /'+&l l&/ /' C/v/l C&s+ No. >85 o -*+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o



B&u/o C/-y, &'( o' -*+ 3&s/s o -*+/ &/&3l+ &+++'- :&+ll&'- 4&s & &-y /' -*+ &s+;,-*+ ou- (+l&+( -*+ Bu& M/'+&l Cl&/ o=o4'+s*/ o+-y o -*+ &-/+s -*++-o <++--*+ /ov++'-s +/s-/' -*++o'< :. 9, &+ll&'-Ds +-/-/o';. *++ /s 'o oo o (ou3-,-*++o+, -*&- -*+ /*- -o oss+ss o o4' -*+ su&+ ou'( /s s+&&-+ &'( (/s-/'- o -*+/'+&l /*-s ov+ -*+ s&+ l&'(. A'( 4*+' -*+ &l/&-/o' o lo(+ &-+'- -o -*+ /'+&l l&/4&s os+u-+( /' -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s, -*+ s&/( &l/&-/o' oul( 'o- *&v+ l+&lly /'lu(+( -*+

su&+ ou'( sol( -o &'o-*+ /' -*+ ++u-/o' s&l+. Co's+u+'-ly, F+ *&v+ -o (+l&+ -*&- -*+&-+'- ou+( -*++u'(+, &- l+&s- 4/-* +s+- -o -*+ 1= *+-&+s sol( /' ++u-/o' +-&/'so'ly -o -*+ /'+&l /*- &'( (o+s 'o- /'lu(+ -*+ su&+ ou'( o -*+ l&'( /' u+s-/o'."/+4+( o &'o-*+ +s+-/v+, F+ *&v+ &/v+( &- -*+ s&+ o'lus/o'. I' */s l+--+ -o -*+S++-&y o A/ul-u+ &'( N&-u&l R+sou+s, (&-+( $+3u&y 9, 1959, +o+'(/' -*+&ov&l o M/'+&l Lo(+ P&-+'- No. "=27, -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s s&/( -*&- &l/&'-s M&osCo/l&', +- &l., *&( &u/+( v+s-+( /*-s o' -*+ Bu& $&-/o' M/'+&l Cl&/ 3+o+ -*+Co's-/-u-/o' o -*+ P*/l//'+s 4&s &ov+( o' Nov+3+ 15, 1985. !'(+ -*+ (o-/'+s l&/((o4' /' M%&'/+l v. A&/3l+, &'( /' Gol( C++ M/'/' v. Ro(/u+?, su&, s&/( v+s-+( /*-s/'lu(+ -*+ o4'+s*/ o 3o-* -*+ /'+&ls &'( -*+ su&+ ou'( -*&- su* 4&s -*+ lo&-oDs/*- 3+o+ &s 4+ll &s &-+ -*+ /ssu&'+ o -*+ &-+'- &'( -*&- su* 4&s v+s-+( o+-y&l-*ou* ++ +&/'s /' -*+ Gov+'+'- u'-/l &-+'- /ssu+s. Su* v+s-+( /*- o *++/'

&+ll&'- &ss+( -o -*+ &+ll++s u'(+ -*+ s&l+ o' ++u-/o' &o++'-/o'+( o -*+ 1=*+-&+s o-/o' o -*+ /'+&l l&/. *+ su3s+u+'- /ssu&'+ o -*+ Lo(+ P&-+'- -o -*+ +'-/+&+& o -*+ Bu& M/'+&l Cl&/ (/( 'o- /l/-&-+ &&/'s- -*&- &u/+( /*-s, o S+. 75 o -*+P*/l//'+ B/ll o 1902 ++ssly ov/(+s -*&- 'o-*/' /' s&/( A- s*&ll 3+ (+++( -o /&/ &'yl/+' 4*/* &y *&v+ &--&*+( /' &'y 4&y 4*&-+v+ /o -o -*+ /ssu&'+ o -*+ &-+'-.Mo+ov+, /- /s s/'//&'- -o 'o-+ -*&- -*+ v+y Lo(+ P&-+'- No. "=27 &o++'-/o'+( ++ssly(+l&+s o' /-s &+ -*&- <-*+ /'/' +/s+s *++3y o'v+y+( s*&ll 3+ *+l( su3+- -o &llv+s-+( l/*-s &'( &u+( /*-s<, -*+ l+&l /o- o 4*/* /s -*&- -*+ &-+'-++ M&osCo/l&', s*&ll *ol( -*+1 *+-&+s o-/o' o -*+ &+& +3&+( /' -*+ &-+'- &s (+s/3+( /'-*+ & %+l&&-/o' No. 7>>1, /' -us- o -*+ &+ll++s.

A&- &'( /'(++'(+'- o -*+ s-&-u-+, -*++ /s & ul+ /' A+/&' L&4 'o4' &s -*+ <%o-/'+ o R+l&-/o'<, -o -*+ ++- <-*&- &ll &-s &'( ++o'/+s '++ss&y -o ol+-+ & o'v+y&'+ s*&ll

3+ -&+' -o+-*+ &s o'+ &-, &'( o+&-+ o -*+ su3s-&'-/&l &- 3y +l&-/o'.< */s<su3s-&'-/&l &-< /s +o'/?+( &s -*+ <o//'&l &-< 4*/* /s -o 3+ +++(, &'( -o -*/s &llsu3s+u+'- &-s &+ -o *&v+ +l&-/o'. */s (o-/'+ o +l&-/o' &+&s -o *&v+ 3++' o-+'&l/+( -o -*+ &(u(/&-/o' o +&l &-/o's 3y A+/&' ou-s.*+ &s+ o L&'(+s v. B&'-, 10 Ho4. 87@, !. S. 18 L&4 +(., 779, 3o&(ly &ss+-s -*/s (o-/'+o +l&-/o'. I' -*&- &s+, & S&'/s* l&/ o l&'( 4&s &u/+( 3y Cl&o&' u'(+ %o(/+, -*+o//'&l l&/&'-, 3y v/-u+ o -+' o's+u-/v+ y+&s oss+ss/o' /o -o %++3+ 20, 1908.Su* l&/ 4&s &u-*o/?+( 3y -*+ A- o Co'+ss. Cl&o&' 4&s +'-/-l+( -o & &-+'- 3y v/-u+o & +-//&-+ o o'/&-/o' &(+ 3y o/ss/o'+s. H/s +-/-/o' o su* o'/&-/o' 4&s/l+( /' %++3+, 1@05. I' 1@0@ u(+'- 4&s +ov++( &&/'s- Cl&o&', -*+ l&/ 4&ssol( &'( -*+ s*+/Ds (++( ++u-+( -o MN&/. I- 4&s *+l( -*&- -*+ ++u-/o' s&l+ &ss+( -o -*+u*&s+ &ll -*+ -/-l+ -*&- oul( *&v+ &ss+( o Cl&o&' -o MN&/ 3y & u/-l&/ (++(

-*&- &ly/' -*+(o-/'+ o +l&-/o' &'( -&/' &ll -*+ &-s &'( ++o'/+s '++ss&y -ool+-+ -*+ -/-l+ -o+-*+ &s o'+ &-, -*+' -*+ o'/&-/o' o 1@11 &'( -*+ &-+'- o 1@75us- 3+ -&+' -o +l&-+ -o -*+ /s- &- -*&- o /l/' -*+ l&/ /' 1@05. O' -*/s &ssu-/o',/'-++(/&-+ o'v+y&'+s &(+ 3y -*+ o'/+( o 3y -*+ s*+/ o' */s 3+*&l, o & (&-+ &-+ -*+ /s- su3s-&'-/&l &-, &+ ov++( 3y -*+ l+&l -/-l+ &'( &ss -*&- -/-l+ -o -*+ &l/+'++. A'( o'-*/s ou'(, -*+ (++( &(+ 3y -*+ s*+/ -o MN&/ /s v&l/(. */s (o-/'+ *&s 3++' &l/+( /' &+&- 'u3+ o (+/s/o's.

Aly/' -*+ s&+ ul+ -o -*+ &s+ 3+o+ !s, /- /s s++' -*&- -*+ o//'&l &- -*&- /+'+( /'-oM/'+&l Lo(+ P&-+'- No. "=27 4&s -*+ lo&-/o' o -*+ /'+&l l&/ &'( -*+ +o(/' -*++o /'



-*+ M/'/' R+o(+ o M-. Pov/'+ so+-/+ /' 1922. "+s-+( /*- -o -*+ o+-y &u+( -o-*+ lo&-o 3+o+ 1985, &l-*ou* &-+'- 4&s /ssu+( o'ly ++'-ly :Nov+3+ >, 1966;. */sP&-+'- &''o- 'ull/y -*+ /'-++(/&-+ o'v+y&'+ o -*&- /*- /' -*+ ++u-/o' s&l+ o 195@ -o*++/' &+ll++s.$/'&lly, -*+ &u+'- -*&- -*+ o++(/'s o -*+ /ssu&'+ o & 4/- o oss+ss/o', &s *&s 3++'+so-+( -o 3y -*+ &+ll++s, /s 'o- -*+ o+ ou- o+(u+, -*+ &+ll&'- /'-/&-/' -*&- /-

s*oul( 3+ 3y & o+ &-/o'. *+ o'-+'-/o' (o+s 'o- (+s+v+ s+/ous o's/(+&-/o'. *+o+so'(/' /*-s o -*+ &-/+s -o -*+ o+-y /' u+s-/o' *&( 3++' v+'-/l&-+( /' -*+ v&/ous&s+s &+-/' /-, &'( -*+ (+/s/o's /' -*os+ &s+s *&v+ sus-&/'+( -*+ v&l/(/-y o -*+ s&l+. I- /s'o4 & &--+ o /*- o' -*+ &- o -*+ &+ll++s -o 3+ l&+( /' oss+ss/o' o -*+ l&'( 3y l+& &'(&-+ o S+. 85, Rul+ 89 o -*+ Rul+s o Cou- 4*/* +u/+s -*&- uo' ++u-/o' &'((+l/v+y o -*+ /'&l (++( o s&l+ /' ++u-/o' -*+ oss+ss/o' o -*+ o+-y s*&ll 3+ /v+' -o -*+u*&s+ o l&s- +(+-/o'+ u'l+ss & -*/( &-y /s &-u&lly *ol(/' -*+ o+-y &(v+s+ly -o-*+ u(+'- (+3-o. As -*/s Cou- s&/( /' &' Soo Hu&- v. O'4/o, 68 P*/l. >7>)*++ /s 'o l&4 /' -*/s u/s(/-/o' 4*++3y -*+ u*&s+ &- & s*+/Ds s&l+ o +&l o+-y /so3l/+( -o 3/' & s+&&-+ &'( /'(++'(+'- su/- o oss+ss/o' &-+ -*+ o'+=y+& +/o( o +(+-/o' *&s +/+( &'( &-+ *+ *&s o3-&/'+( -*+ s*+/Ds /'&l +-//&-+ o s&l+. *++ /s'+/-*+ l+&l ou'( 'o +&so' o u3l/ ol/y +lu(/' -*+ ou- o o(+/' -*+ s*+/ /'

-*/s &s+ -o y/+l( oss+ss/o' o -*+ o+-y u*&s+( &- u3l/ &u-/o' 4*++ /- &+&s -*&--*+ u(+'- (+3-o /s -*+ o'+ /' oss+ss/o' -*++o &'( 'o /*-s o -*/( +so's &+ /'volv+(.FHERE$ORE, -*+ (+/s/o' &+&l+( o /s &/+(. Cos-s &&/'s- &+ll&'-s.



8.

G.R. No. 15882 Ma$h 3*, 2**6

4i!i%io Ea$th)Save$s@ Mu"ti)Pu$%ose Assoiatio, I. 4ESAMA' Et a". vs.E"isea #o?u, et a".

AC-S9

A +-/-/o' o &'(&us &'( o*/3/-/o' &ss&/l/' -*+ o's-/-u-/o'&l/-y o -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o 1995, -o+-*+ 4/-* -*+ IRR /ssu+( 3y -*+ %ENR A(/'/s-&-/v+ O(+ No. 96=70, s.1996:%AO 96=70; &'( o -*+ $/'&'/&l &'( +*'/&l Ass/s-&'+ A+++'- :$AA; +'-++( /'-oo'20 Ju'+ 1997 3y -*+ R+u3l/ o -*+ P*/l//'+s &'( A/o M/'/' Coo&-/o' :AMC;, &oo&-/o' +s-&3l/s*+( u'(+ -*+ l&4s o Aus-&l/& &'( o4'+( 3y /-s '&-/o'&ls. A-+ s+v+&lu'su+ssul &-/o's -o &'+l -*+ $AA &+++'- 4/-* -*+ ov+'+'-, -*+ +-/-/o'+s /'&llysu3/--+( & +-/-/o' -o -*+ ou-. I' -*+/ +o&'(u +-/-/o'+s os+ 4*+-*+ o 'o- R+u3l/

A- No. >972 &'( -*+ CAMC $AA &+ vo/( 3+&us+ -*+y &llo4 -*+ u'us- &'( u'l&4ul -&/' o o+-y 4/-*ou- &y+'- o us- o+'s&-/o' , /' v/ol&-/o' o S+-/o' 9, A-/l+ III o -*+

Co's-/-u-/o' /ssu+s, &o' o-*+s /ssu+s.

ISSE9

F*+-*+ -*++ *&s 3++' &' &-u&l o'-ov+sy o /ssu+ 4/-* +s+- -o -*+ u'l&4ul &'( u'us--&/' o o+-y 4/-*ou- &y+'- o us- o+'s&-/o'.

E49

Pu3l/ +so'(+'-s &+ o -*+ v/+4 -*&- +-/-/o'+s +/'+'- (o&/' l&/ /s 'o- /+ o &(u(/&-/o' &s -*+y &/l -o &ll++ -*&- CAMC *&s &-u&lly -&+' -*+/ o+-/+s 'o (o -*+y&ll++ -*&- -*+/ o+-y /*-s *&v+ 3++' +'(&'++( o &+ /' (&'+ o' &ou'- o CAMCKs

$AA. I' ++-, u3l/ +so'(+'-s /'s/s- -*&- -*+ /ssu+ o +/'+'- (o&/' /s 'o- & us-//&3l+o'-ov+sy 4*/* -*/s Cou- &' -&+ o'/?&'+ o. A u+s-/o' /s o's/(++( /+ o &(u(/&-/o' 4*+' -*+ &- 3+/' *&ll+'+( *&s *&( & (/+- &(v+s+ ++- o' -*+ /'(/v/(u&l*&ll+'/' /-. Ho4+v+, -*+ ou- &''o- &4&/- -*+ &(v+s+ o's+u+'+s o -*+ l&4 /' o(+ -oo's/(+ -*+ o'-ov+sy &-u&l &'( /+ o u(//&l /'-+v+'-/o'. A-u&l +v/-/o' o -*+ l&'( o4'+s &'( ou&'-s '++( 'o- *&+' o -*/s Cou- -o /'-+v+'+.By -*+ ++ +'&-+'- o -*+ u+s-/o'+( l&4 o -*+ &ov&l o -*+ *&ll+'+( &-, -*+ (/su-+/s s&/( -o *&v+ /+'+( /'-o & u(//&l o'-ov+sy +v+' 4/-*ou- &'y o-*+ ov+- &-. I'(++(, +v+'& s/'ul& v/ol&-/o' o -*+ Co's-/-u-/o' &'(o -*+ l&4 /s +'ou* -o &4&+' u(//&l (u-y.N+v+-*+l+ss, -*+ +-/-/o' 4&s s-/ll (/s/ss+( (u+ -o -*+ 3&s+l+ss o'-+'-/o' o -*+ /ssu+ssu3/--+(. *+ $AA 4&s /' ull ol/&'+ 4/-* -*+ '++ss&y +u/++'-s o -*+ l&4 &'(

Co's-/-u-/o'. *+ &ll+&-/o' o -*+ l& o &y+'- o us- o+'s&-/o' 4&s (/s/ss+( s/'+-*+ ou- *&s *&( &u-*o/-y /' +/'+'- (o&/' &s+s -o &+ su+ -*+ o+ &ou'- 4&s+s-&3l/s*+( +&(l+ss o -*+ &- -*&- -*++ 4oul( 3+ &' /'-+v+'-/o' o &' ++u-/v+(+&-+'- o l+/sl&-u+ -o &+ &'y /'/-/&l (+-+/'&-/o' o -*+ &ou'-.



(.

ORGE GONAES a! PANE O AR+I-RA-ORS vs. CIMAX MINING -4., CIMAX)ARIMCO MINING CORP. a! AS-RAASIAN PIIPPINES MINING INC., G.R. No.161(5, aua$= 22, 2**

ats9

*/s /s & o'sol/(&-/o' o -4o +-/-/o's oo-+( /' -*+ s&+ (/su-+( A((+'(u Co'-&- +'-++(/'-o 3y -*+ &-/+s.

I' o'+ &s+, -*+ Cou- *+l( -*&- -*+ %ENR P&'+l o A3/-&-os *&( 'o u/s(/-/o' ov+ -*+ol&/'- o -*+ &''ul+'- o -*+ A((+'(u Co'-&- o' ou'(s o &u( &'( v/ol&-/o' o -*+Co's-/-u-/o' &'( -*&- -*+ &-/o' s*oul( *&v+ 3++' 3ou*- 3+o+ -*+ +ul& ou-s &s /-/'volv+( u(//&l /ssu+s.

Go'?&l+s &v++( -*&- -*+ %ENR P&'+l o A3/-&-os H&s u/s(/-/o' 3+&us+ -*+ &s+ /'volv+s& /'/' (/su-+ -*&- o+ly &lls 4/-*/' -*+ &3/- o -*+ P&'+lKs &u-*o/-y.

R+so'(+'-s Cl/& M/'/' L-(., +- &l., o' -*+ o-*+ *&'(, s++ +o's/(+&-/o'l&//&-/o' o'-*+ (+/s/o' *ol(/' -*&- -*+ &s+ s*oul( 'o- 3+ 3ou*- o &3/-&-/o' u'(+ R.A. No. @>6.*+y &u+( -*&- -*+ &3/-&-/o' l&us+ /' -*+ A((+'(u Co'-&- s*oul( 3+ -+&-+( &s &'&+++'- /'(++'(+'- o -*+ o-*+ -+s o -*+ o'-&-, &'( -*&- & l&/+( +s/ss/o' o -*+&/' o'-&- (o+s 'o- &vo/( -*+ (u-y -o &3/-&-+.

O' &'o-*+ &s+, Go'?&l+s *&ll+'+( -*+ o(+ o -*+ RC +u//' */ -o o++( 4/-* -*+&3/-&-/o' o++(/'s 4*/l+ -*+ ol&/'- o -*+ 'ull//&-/o' o -*+ A((+'(u Co'-&- 4&s+'(/' 3+o+ -*+ %ENR P&'+l o A3/-&-os. H+ o'-+'(+( -*&- &'y /ssu+ &s -o -*+ 'ull/-y,/'o+&-/v+'+ss, o /'&&3/l/-y o +o&'+ o -*+ &3/-&-/o' l&us+&+++'- &/s+( 3yo'+ o -*+ &-/+s -o -*+ &ll++( &3/-&-/o' &+++'- us- 3+ (+-+/'+( 3y -*+ ou- /o -o

++/' -*+ -o &3/-&-/o'.

F*/l+ Cl/&=A/o o'-+'(+( -*&- &' &l/&-/o' -o o+l &3/-&-/o' u'(+ S+. 6 o R.A.No. @>6 o'+s o' -*+ -/&l ou- o'ly & l//-+( &'( s+/&l u/s(/-/o', /.+., & u/s(/-/o' sol+ly-o (+-+/'+ :&; 4*+-*+ o 'o- -*+ &-/+s *&v+ & 4/--+' o'-&- -o &3/-&-+, &'( :3; / -*+(++'(&'- *&s &/l+( -o oly 4/-* -*&- o'-&-.

Issue9

F*+-*+ o 'o- &3/-&-/o' /s o+ +v+' -*ou* /ssu+s o v&l/(/-y &'( 'ull/-y o -*+ A((+'(uCo'-&- &'(, o's+u+'-ly, o -*+ &3/-&-/o' l&us+ 4++ &/s+(.

Ru"i#9

Pos/-/v+.

I' L& N&v&l %u Coo&-/o' v. Cou- o A+&ls, -*+ Cou- *+l( -*&- R.A. No. @>6 +l//-lyo'/'+s -*+ ou-Ds &u-*o/-y o'ly -o -*+ (+-+/'&-/o' o 4*+-*+ o 'o- -*++ /s &' &+++'-/' 4/-/' ov/(/' o &3/-&-/o'. I' -*+ &/&-/v+, -*+ s-&-u-+ o(&/'s -*&- -*+ ou- s*&ll /ssu+&' o(+ <su&/ly (/+-/' -*+ &-/+s -o o++( 4/-* -*+ &3/-&-/o' /' &o(&'+ 4/-* -*+-+s -*++o.< I -*+ ou-, uo' -*+ o-*+ *&'(, /'(s -*&- 'o su* &+++'- +/s-s, <-*+



o++(/' s*&ll 3+ (/s/ss+(.< *+ /-+( &s+ &lso s-+ss+( -*&- -*+ o++(/'s &+ su&y/' '&-u+.

Il//- /' -*+ su&y '&-u+ o -*+ u(//&l o++(/'s /s -*+ s+&&3l+ o /'(++'(+'-*&&-+ o -*+ &3/-&-/o' l&us+ o &+++'-.

*+ (o-/'+ o s+&&3/l/-y o s+v+&3/l/-y +'u'/&-+s -*&- &' &3/-&-/o' &+++'- /s/'(++'(+'- o -*+ &/' o'-&-. *+ &3/-&-/o' &+++'- /s -o 3+ -+&-+( &s & s+&&-+&+++'- &'( -*+ &3/-&-/o' &+++'- (o+s 'o- &u-o&-/&lly -+/'&-+ 4*+' -*+ o'-&- o 4*/* /- /s &- o+s -o &' +'(.

*+ s+&&3/l/-y o -*+ &3/-&-/o' &+++'- /s +s+/&lly s/'//&'- -o -*+ (+-+/'&-/o' o 4*+-*+ -*+ /'v&l/(/-y o -*+ &/' o'-&- &lso 'ull//+s -*+ &3/-&-/o' l&us+. I'(++(, -*+(o-/'+ (+'o-+s -*&- -*+ /'v&l/(/-y o -*+ &/' o'-&-, &lso +++( -o &s -*+ o'-&/'+o'-&-, (o+s 'o- &+- -*+ v&l/(/-y o -*+ &3/-&-/o' &+++'-. I+s+-/v+ o -*+ &- -*&- -*+&/' o'-&- /s /'v&l/(, -*+ &3/-&-/o' l&us+&+++'- s-/ll +&/'s v&l/( &'( +'o+&3l+. *+ v&l/(/-y o -*+ o'-&- o'-&/'/' -*+ &+++'- -o su3/- -o &3/-&-/o' (o+s 'o- &+- -*+

&l/&3/l/-y o -*+ &3/-&-/o' l&us+ /-s+l. A o'-&y ul/' 4oul( su+s- -*&- & &-yKs +++u(/&-/o' o -*+ &/' o'-&- /s su//+'- -o &vo/( &3/-&-/o'. *&- /s +&-ly -*+ s/-u&-/o' -*&--*+ s+&&3/l/-y (o-/'+, &s 4+ll &s u/su(+'+ &ly/' /-, s++s -o &vo/(.

*+ Cou- &((+( -*&- 4*+' /- (+l&+( -*&- -*+ &s+ s*oul( 'o- 3+ 3ou*- o &3/-&-/o', /-s*oul( 3+ l&//+( -*&- -*+ &s+ +++( -o /s -*+ &s+ &-u&lly /l+( 3y Go'?&l+s 3+o+ -*+%ENR P&'+l o A3/-&-os, 4*/* 4&s o -*+ 'ull//&-/o' o -*+ &/' o'-&- o' -*+ ou'( o &u(, &s /- *&( &l+&(y 3++' (+-+/'+( -*&- -*+ &s+ s*oul( *&v+ 3++' 3ou*- 3+o+ -*++ul& ou-s /'volv/' &s /- (/( u(//&l /ssu+s.



1*.

G.R. No 12882 aua$= 2, 2**:a +u#a")+Baa -$i7a" Ass vs. Ra0os

AC-S9

O' July 25, 19@>, -*+' P+s/(+'- Co&?o' C. Au/'o /ssu+( E+u-/v+ O(+ :E.O.; No.2>96 &u-*o/?/' -*+ %ENR S++-&y -o &+-, o's/(+ &'( +v&lu&-+ oos&ls o o+/'=o4'+( oo&-/o's o o+/' /'v+s-os o o'-&-s o &+++'-s /'volv/' +/-*+ -+*'/&l o /'&'/&l &ss/s-&'+ o l&+=s&l+ +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'-, &'( u-/l/?&-/o' o /'+&ls, 4*/*,uo' &o/&-+ +o+'(&-/o' o -*+ S++-&y, -*+ P+s/(+'- &y ++u-+ 4/-* -*+ o+/'oo'+'-.

O' M&* 8, 1995, -*+' P+s/(+'- $/(+l ". R&os &ov+( R.A. No. >972 -o <ov+'-*+ +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'-, u-/l/?&-/o' &'( o+ss/' o &ll /'+&l +sou+s.< R.A. No. >972(+/'+s -*+ o(+s o /'+&l &+++'-s o /'/' o+&-/o's, ou-l/'+s -*+ o+(u+ o -*+/ /l/' &'( &ov&l, &ss/'+'--&'s+ &'( 4/-*(&4&l, &'( /+s -*+/ -+s. S//l& ov/s/o's

ov+' /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+ &+++'-s.

O' A/l 9, 1995, 80 (&ys ollo4/' /-s u3l/&-/o' o' M&* 10, 1995 /' M&l&y& &'(M&'/l& /+s, -4o '+4s&+s o +'+&l /ul&-/o', R.A. No. >972 -oo ++-. S*o-ly 3+o+-*+ ++-/v/-y o R.A. No. >972, *o4+v+, o o' M&* 80, 1995, -*+ P+s/(+'- +'-++( /'-o &'$AA 4/-* FMCP ov+/' 99,8@> *+-&+s o l&'( /' Sou-* Co-&3&-o, Sul-&' u(&&-, %&v&o(+l Su &'( No-* Co-&3&-o.

O' Auus- 15, 1995, -*+' %ENR S++-&y "/-o O. R&os /ssu+( %ENR A(/'/s-&-/v+ O(+ :%AO; No. 95=28, s. 1995, o-*+4/s+ 'o4' &s -*+ Il++'-/' Rul+s&'( R+ul&-/o's o R.A. No. >972. */s 4&s l&-+ ++&l+( 3y %AO No. 96=70, s. 1996 4*/*4&s &(o-+( o' %++3+ 20, 1996.

O' J&'u&y 10, 199>, ou's+ls o +-/-/o'+s s+'- & l+--+ -o -*+ %ENR S++-&y(+&'(/' -*&- -*+ %ENR s-o -*+ /l++'-&-/o' o R.A. No. >972 &'( %AO No. 96=70, /v/'-*+ %ENR /-++' (&ys o ++/- -o &- -*++o'. *+ %ENR, *o4+v+, *&s y+- -o +so'( o &- o' +-/-/o'+sD l+--+.P+-/-/o'+s l&/ -*&- -*+ %ENR S++-&y &-+( 4/-*ou- o /' ++ss o u/s(/-/o'.*+y &y -*&- -*+ Cou- /ssu+ &' o(+)

:&; P+&'+'-ly +'o/'/' +so'(+'-s o &-/' o' &'y &l/&-/o' o $/'&'/&l o +*'/&l Ass/s-&'+ A+++'-s

:3; %+l&/' -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o 1995 o R+u3l/ A- No. >972 &s u'o's-/-u-/o'&l &'(

'ull &'( vo/(

:; %+l&/' -*+ Il++'-/' Rul+s &'( R+ul&-/o's o -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o'-&/'+( /'%ENR A(/'/s-&-/v+ O(+ No. 96=70 &'( &ll o-*+ s//l& &(/'/s-&-/v+ /ssu&'+s &su'o's-/-u-/o'&l &'( 'ull &'( vo/( &'(

:(; C&'+ll/' -*+ $/'&'/&l &'( +*'/&l Ass/s-&'+ A+++'- /ssu+( -o F+s-+' M/'/'P*/l//'+s, I'. &s u'o's-/-u-/o'&l, /ll+&l &'( 'ull &'( vo/(.



ISSE9

F*+-*+ o 'o- R+u3l/ A- No. >972 /s u'o's-/-u-/o'&l.

E49

*+ Cou- /'(s -*+ ollo4/' ov/s/o's o R.A. No. >972 -o 3+ v/ol&-/v+ o S+-/o' 2, A-/l+ XIIo -*+ Co's-/-u-/o' &'( *++3y (+l&+s u'o's-/-u-/o'&l &'( vo/()

:1; *+ ov/so /' S+-/o' 8 :&;, 4*/* (+/'+s <u&l//+( +so',< -o 4/-)Pov/(+(, *&- & l+&lly o&'/?+( o+/'=o4'+( oo&-/o' s*&ll 3+ (+++( & u&l//+(+so' o uos+s o &'-/' &' +lo&-/o' +/-, /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+&+++'- o /'+&l o+ss/' +/-.

:2; S+-/o' 28, 4*/* s+//+s -*+ /*-s &'( o3l/&-/o's o &' +lo&-/o' +/--++, /'so& &ss&/( s+-/o' &l/+s -o & /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+ &+++'-,

:8; S+-/o' 88, 4*/* +s/3+s -*+ +l//3/l/-y o & o'-&-o /' & /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l

&ss/s-&'+ &+++'-

:7; S+-/o' 85, 4*/* +'u+&-+s -*+ -+s &'( o'(/-/o's o +v+y /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l&ss/s-&'+ &+++'-

:5; S+-/o' 89, 4*/* &llo4s -*+ o'-&-o /' & /'&'/&l &'( -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+ &+++'- -oo'v+- -*+ s&+ /'-o & /'+&l o(u-/o'=s*&/' &+++'-

:6; S+-/o' 56, 4*/* &u-*o/?+s -*+ /ssu&'+ o & /'+&l o+ss/' +/- -o & o'-&-o /' &/'&'/&l &'( -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+ &+++'-

*+ ollo4/' ov/s/o's o -*+ s&+ A- &+ l/+4/s+ vo/( &s -*+y &+ (++'(+'- o' -*+

o+o/' ov/s/o's &'( &''o- s-&'( o' -*+/ o4')

:1; S+-/o' 8 :;, 4*/* (+/'+s -*+ -+ <o'-&-o,< /'so& &s /- &l/+s -o & /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+ &+++'-.

S+-/o' 87, 4*/* +s/3+s -*+ &/u o'-&- &+& /' & /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+&+++'-s

S+-/o' 86, 4*/* &llo4s '+o-/&-/o's o /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+ &+++'-s

S+-/o' 8>, 4*/* +s/3+s -*+ o+(u+ o /l/' &'( +v&lu&-/o' o /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l

&ss/s-&'+ &+++'- oos&ls

S+-/o' 8@, 4*/* l//-s -*+ -+ o /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+ &+++'-s

S+-/o' 70, 4*/* &llo4s -*+ &ss/'+'- o -&'s+ o /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+&+++'-s

S+-/o' 71, 4*/* &llo4s -*+ 4/-*(&4&l o -*+ o'-&-o /' &' $AA



*+ s+o'( &'( -*/( &&&*s o S+-/o' @1, 4*/* ov/(+ o -*+ Gov+'+'-Ds s*&+ /' &/'&'/&l &'( -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+ &+++'- &'(

S+-/o' 90, 4*/* ov/(+s o /'+'-/v+s -o o'-&-os /' $AAs /'so& &s /- &l/+s -o s&/(o'-&-os

F*+' -*+ &-s o -*+ s-&-u-+ &+ so u-u&lly (++'(+'- &'( o''+-+( &s o'(/-/o's,o's/(+&-/o's, /'(u++'-s, o o+'s&-/o's o +&* o-*+, &s -o 4&&'- & 3+l/+ -*&- -*+l+/sl&-u+ /'-+'(+( -*+ &s & 4*ol+, &'( -*&- / &ll oul( 'o- 3+ &/+( /'-o ++-, -*+l+/sl&-u+ 4oul( 'o- &ss -*+ +s/(u+ /'(++'(+'-ly, -*+', / so+ &-s &+ u'o's-/-u-/o'&l, &ll-*+ ov/s/o's 4*/* &+ -*us (++'(+'-, o'(/-/o'&l, o o''+-+(, us- &ll 4/-* -*+.



11.

EPAN-O CONSOI4A-E4 MINING CO.,vs.<MC RESORCES IN-@. P-. -4., <MC PIIPPINES, INC. a! SAGI--ARIS MINES,INC.,

AC-S9

P*/l//'+ Gov+'+'- &'( FMC P*/l//'+s, -*+ lo&l 4*olly=o4'+( su3s/(/&y o FMCR+sou+s I'-+'&-/o'&l P-y. L-(. :FMC R+sou+s; ++u-+( & $/'&'/&l &'( +*'/&l

Ass/s-&'+ A+++'-, (+'o/'&-+( &s -*+ Colu3/o $AA No. 02=95=XI :Colu3/o $AA; o -*+ uos+ o l&+ s&l+ +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'-, &'( o+/&l +lo&-/o' o oss/3l+/'+&l +sou+s /' &' /'/-/&l o'-&- &+& o 99,8@> *+-&+s lo&-+( /' -*+ ov/'+s o Sou-*Co-&3&-o, Sul-&' u(&&-, %&v&o (+l Su, &'( No-* Co-&3&-o /' &o(&'+ 4/-* E+u-/v+O(+ No. 2>9 &'( %+&-+'- A(/'/s-&-/v+ O(+ No. 68, S+/+s o 1991.

*+ Colu3/o $AA /s ov++( /' &- 3y 156 /'/' l&/s *+l( u'(+ v&/ous M/'+&lPo(u-/o' S*&/' A+++'-s :MPSA; 3y Sou-*o- M/'/' Coo&-/o', &&&' M/'/'

Coo&-/o', &'( S&/--&/us M/'+s, I'. :oll+-/v+ly &ll+( -*+ &&&' Co&'/+s;, /'&o(&'+ 4/-* -*+ &&&' O-/o' A+++'- +'-++( /'-o 3y FMC P*/l//'+s &'( -*+&&&' Co&'/+s o' 25 A/l 1991, &s &+'(+( 3y A+'(&-oy A+++'- (&-+( 15 July1997, o uos+s o +lo&-/o' o -*+ /'/' l&/s /' &&&', Sou-* Co-&3&-o. *+O-/o' A+++'-, &o' o-*+ -*/'s, ov/(+s o -*+ &'- o -*+ /*- o /s- +us&l -o -*+&&&' Co&'/+s /' &s+ FMC P*/l//'+s (+s/+s -o (/sos+ o /-s /*-s &'( /'-++s-s /'-*+ /'/' l&/s ov+/' -*+ &+& su3+- o -*+ &+++'-.

FMC R+sou+s su3s+u+'-ly (/v+s-+( /-s+l o /-s /*-s &'( /'-++s-s /' -*+ Colu3/o $AA,&'( o' 12 July 2000 ++u-+( & S&l+ &'( Pu*&s+ A+++'- 4/-* +-/-/o'+ L+&'-o ov+ /-s+'-/+ s*&+*ol(/'s /' FMC P*/l//'+s, su3+- -o -*+ ++/s+ o -*+ &&&' Co&'/+sK++/s+ o -*+/ /*- o /s- +us&l -o u*&s+ -*+ su3+- s*&+s. O' 2@ Auus- 2000,

+-/-/o'+ sou*- -*+ &ov&l o -*+ 12 July 2000 A+++'- o -*+ %ENR S++-&y.I' -*+ /'-+/, o' 10 J&'u&y 2001, o'-+'(/' -*&- -*+ 12 July A+++'- 3+-4++' +-/-/o'+ &'( FMC P*/l//'+s *&( +/+( (u+ -o &/lu+ -o ++- -*+ '++ss&y +o'(/-/o's o /-sv&l/(/-y, FMC R+sou+s &'( -*+ &&&' Co&'/+s ++u-+( &'o-*+ S&l+ &'( Pu*&s+

A+++'-, 4*++ S&/--&/us M/'+s, I'. 4&s (+s/'&-+( &ss/'++ &'( oo&-+ v+*/l+ 4*/*4oul( &u/+ -*+ s*&+*ol(/'s &'( u'(+-&+ -*+ Colu3/o $AA &-/v/-/+s. O' 15 J&'u&y2001, S&/--&/us M/'+s, I'. /'+&s+( /-s &u-*o/?+( &/-&l/?&-/o' -o P250 /ll/o'.Su3s+u+'-ly, FMC R+sou+s &'( S&/--&/us M/'+s, I'. ++u-+( & %++( o A3solu-+ S&l+o S*&+s o S-os o' 28 J&'u&y 2001.

A-+ (u+ o's/(+&-/o' &'( +v&lu&-/o' o -*+ /'&'/&l &'( -+*'/&l u&l//&-/o's o S&/--&/usM/'+s, I'., -*+ %ENR S++-&y &ov+( -*+ -&'s+ o -*+ Colu3/o $AA o FMC

P*/l//'+s -o S&/--&/us M/'+s, I'. /' -*+ &ss&/l+( O(+. Ao(/' -o s&/( O(+, usu&'- -oS+-/o' 66 o %+&-+'- A(/'/s-&-/v+ O(+ No. 96=70, &s &+'(+(, S&/--&/us M/'+s, I'.++-s -*+ u&l//&-/o' +u/++'-s &s Co'-&-o=&'s+++ o $AA No. 02=95=XI, &'( -*&--*+ &l/&-/o' o -&'s+ o s&/( $AA 4+'- -*u -*+ o+(u+ &'( o-*+ +u/++'-s s+-o-* u'(+ -*+ l&4.

A/+v+( 3y -*+ -&'s+ o -*+ Colu3/o $AA /' &vo o S&/--&/us M/'+s, I'., +-/-/o'+ /l+( & P+-/-/o' o R+v/+4 o -*+ O(+ o -*+ %ENR S++-&y 4/-* -*+ O/+ o -*+ P+s/(+'-.P+-/-/o'+ &ss&/ls -*+ v&l/(/-y o -*+ 1@ %++3+ 2001 O(+ o -*+ S++-&y o -*+



%+&-+'- o E'v/o'+'- &'( N&-u&l R+sou+s :%ENR; &ov/' -*+ &l/&-/o' o &'(-*+ o's+u+'- +/s-&-/o' o $AA No. 02=95=XI o FMC P*/l//'+s -o S&/--&/us M/'+s,I'.o' -*+ ou'( -*&-) 1; /- v/ol&-+s -*+ o's-/-u-/o'&l /*- o L+&'-o -o (u+ o+ss 2; /-++-s -*+ +solu-/o' o v+y u/&l l+&l /ssu+s +'(/' 4/-* -*+ +ul& ou-s &'( 8; /-3l&-&'-ly v/ol&-+s S+-/o' 70 o -*+ M/'/' A-.

I' & %+/s/o' (&-+( 28 July 2002, -*+ O/+ o -*+ P+s/(+'- (/s/ss+( -*+ +-/-/o'

ISSE9

FHEHER OR NO -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o 1995, &-/ul&ly S+-/o' 70 -*++o +u//'-*+ &ov&l o -*+ P+s/(+'- o -*+ &ss/'+'- o -&'s+ o /'&'/&l o -+*'/&l &ss/s-&'+&+++'-s s*oul( *&v+ & +-o&-/v+ &l/&-/o' -o -*+ Colu3/o $AA.

E49

NO. Aly/' -*+ &3ov+=/-+( l&4 +-o&-/v+ly 4oul( o'-&(/- -*+ +s-&3l/s*+( l+&l(o-/'+ -*&- s-&-u-+s &+ -o 3+ o's-u+( &s *&v/' o'ly & os+-/v+ o+&-/o' u'l+ss -*+

o'-&y /s ++ssly s-&-+( o '++ss&/ly /l/+( o -*+ l&'u&+ us+( /' -*+ l&4.

I' -*+ &s+ &- 3&, -*++ /s &' &3s+'+ o +/-*+ &' ++ss (+l&&-/o' o &' /l/&-/o'/' -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o 1995 -*&- -*+ ov/s/o's o s&/( l&4 s*&ll 3+ &(+ -o &ly+-o&-/v+ly, -*++o+, &'y s+-/o' o s&/( l&4 us- 3+ &(+ -o &ly o'ly os+-/v+ly, /'v/+4 o -*+ ul+ -*&- & s-&-u-+ ou*- 'o- -o ++/v+ & o's-u-/o' &/' /- &- +-o&-/v+ly,u'l+ss -*+ 4o(s us+( &+ so l+&, s-o', &'( /+&-/v+ -*&- 'o o-*+ +&'/' &' 3+&''++( -o -*+, o u'l+ss -*+ /'-+'-/o' o -*+ l+/sl&-u+ &''o- 3+ o-*+4/s+ s&-/s/+(.



12.

G.R. No. @5907 Auus- 21, 1990EO%ORO ME%RANA, +-/-/o'+,vs.O$$ICE O$ HE PRESI%EN &'( S!PREME AGGREGAES CORPORAION, +so'(+'-s.

$&-s)

*/s o'-ov+sy, 4*/* 3+&' /' 19>9, +l&-+s -o M/'/' L+&s+ Co'-&- :<MLC<; No. "=>574*/* -*+ -*+' S++-&y o A/ul-u+ &'( N&-u&l R+sou+s /ssu+( -o /v&-+ +so'(+'-Su++ A+&-+s Coo&-/o' :<Su++ A+&-+s<; o' 80 Ju'+ 1969. */s M/'/' L+&s+Co'-&- *&s & l/+-/+ o -4+'-y=/v+ :25; y+&s &'( ov+s -4+'-y=-4o :22; /'/' l&/s o vol&'/ /'(+, +-., s/-u&-+( /' C&l&3&, L&u'& Pov/'+ &'( S-o. o&s, B&-&'&sPov/'+.

O' 17 M&y 19>6, 4/-*/' -*+ +/o( +s/3+( /' S+-/o' 100 &3ov+, Su++ A+&-+s /l+(4/-* -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s &' Al/&-/o' -o Av&/l o R/*-s &'( P/v/l++s u'(+ P.%. No. 768

4*/* &l/&-/o' 4&s +u/+( 3y S+-/o's 100 &'( 101 o P% No.768 'o4' &s <*+ M/'+&lR+sou+s %+v+lo+'- %+++ o 19>7, o &ll l&/o4'+s &'( l+ss++s (+s/ous o &/'-&/'/' -*+/ +=+/s-/' /*-s u'(+ -*+ +/+ /'&uu&-+( 3y -*&- (+++.

O' 2> $+3u&y 19>9, -*+ %/+-o o -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s /ssu+( &' o(+ (+'y/' Su++ A+&-+sD Al/&-/o' o' -*+ ou'( -*&- Su++ A+&-+s *&( &/l+( -o su3/- A/(&v/-so A''u&l Fo O3l/&-/o's.

O' 15 Ju'+ 19>9, -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s /ssu+( u&y +o&y P+/-s :<Ps<; Nos. @5, @6&'( @> -o +-/-/o'+ +o(oo M+(&'&. *+s+ +/-s ov++( &+&s 4/-*/' -*+ -+/-oy l+&s+(-o Su++ A+&-+s u'(+ MLC No. "=>57.$ou-++' (&ys l&-+, o' 29 Ju'+ 19>9, Su++ A+&-+s /l+( & +-/-/o' 4/-* -*+ %/+-o o

M/'+s &y/' o +/'s-&-++'- o /-s ++-+( Al/&-/o' -o Av&/l o R/*-s &'( P/v/l++s &'(o &'+ll&-/o' o M+(&'&Ds Ps Nos. @5, @6 &'( @>. M+(&'& /l+( &' &'s4+ -o -*/s+-/-/o'.

A-+ /'v+s-/&-/o', -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s +'(++( & (+/s/o' (&-+( 18 M&* 19@1 o(+/' -*++/'s-&-++'- o Su++ A+&-+sD Al/&-/o' -o Av&/l o R/*-s &'( P/v/l++s &'( -*+&'+ll&-/o' o M+(&'&Ds Ps Nos. @5, @6 &'( @> s/'+ -*+s+ ov++( &+&s 4/-*/' Su++

A+&-+sD v&l/( &'( su3s/s-/' MLC No. "=>57.

O' &+&l 3y M+(&'&, -*+ M/'/s-y o N&-u&l R+sou+s +/'s-&-+( M+(&'&Ds Ps Nos. @5,@6 &'( @>, &'( (+l&+( -*&- Su++ A+&-+sD MLC No. "=>57 *&( l&s+(. I' so (+/(/',o+ M/'/s-+ o N&-u&l R+sou+s +o(oo . P+T& +&so'+( -*&- -*+ o(+ o -*+ Bu+&u o

M/'+s 4*/* *&( ++-+( Su++ A+&-+sD Al/&-/o' -o Av&/l o R/*-s &'( P/v/l++s *&(&l+&(y 3+o+ /'&l 4*+' Su++ A+&-+s /l+( /-s +-/-/o' o +/'s-&-++'- o /-s

Al/&-/o' o' 29 Ju'+ 19>9, -*&- /s, o'+ *u'(+( &'( -4+'-y :120; (&ys &-+ /-s ++/- o -*+Bu+&u o M/'+s o(+ o (+'/&l. $o+ M/'/s-+ P+'& u-*+ *+l( -*&- -*+ &/lu+ o Su++

A+&-+s -o /l+ &' Al/&-/o' -o Av&/l o R/*-s &'( P/v/l++s u'(+ P.%. No. 768 &us+( /-sM/'/' L+&s+ Co'-&- -o l&s+ &'( o+'+( -*+ l+&s+( &+& -o +lo&-/o'. 1

Su++ A+&-+s -*+' /l+( &' &+&l 4/-* -*+ O/+ o -*+ P+s/(+'-. *+ O/+ o -*+P+s/(+'-, &s &l+&(y 'o-+(, /' & (+/s/o' (&-+( 20 S+-+3+ 19@@, +v+s+( -*+ (+/s/o' o



-*+ M/'/s-+ o N&-u&l R+sou+s &'( /' +ss+'+ *+l( -*&- -*+ &/lu+ -o su3/- A/(&v/-s o A''u&l Fo O3l/&-/o's o -4o :2; o's+u-/v+ y+&s (/( 'o-, 3y /-s+l &'( s-&'(/' &lo'+,+sul- /' -*+ &u-o&-/ &'+ll&-/o' o MLC No. "=>57.

I' -*+ /'s-&'- P+-/-/o' o C+-/o&/, +-/-/o'+ M+(&'& su3/-s -*&- -*+ O/+ o -*+ P+s/(+'-&-+( 4/-* &v+ &3us+ o (/s+-/o', &ou'-/' -o l& o u/s(/-/o', /' +/'s-&-/' Su++

A+&-+sD MLC No. "=>57 &'( &'+ll/' +-/-/o'+Ds Ps o -*+ ollo4/' +&so's)

1. P/v&-+ +so'(+'- Su++ A+&-+s *&( &3&'(o'+( /-s M/'/' L+&s+ Co'-&- 3y &/l/'-o oly 4/-* -*+ &'(&-oy +u/++'-s o S+-/o' 2> o P.%. No. 768.

2. *+ Bu+&u o M/'+s *&( (+l&+( -*+ u&y ov++( 3y MLC No. "=>57 &s o+' o +lo&-/o' o l&/s 3y v/-u+ o -*+ &'+ll&-/o' o -*&- MLC. Mo+ov+, +-/-/o'+ M+(&'&,3+/' +/s-++( o4'+ o u* o -*+ l&'( ov++( 3y MLC No. "=>57, l&/s & +++'-/&l/*- -o +lo/- -*+ s&/( u&y u'(+ S+-/o' 6> o P.%. No. 768.

8. Ev+' 3+o+ -*+ /ssu&'+ o Ps Nos. @5, @6 &'( @> -o +-/-/o'+, -*+ o(+ o -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s (+'y/' Su++ A+&-+sD Al/&-/o' *&( &l+&(y 3+o+ /'&l &'( ++u-oy /v+

:5; (&ys o ++/- o -*&- o(+ 3y /v&-+ +so'(+'- Su++ A+&-+s.

Issu+)

1. F*+-*+ o 'o- -*++ /s &3&'(o'+'- o' -*+ &- o Su++ A+&-+s.

No. A3&'(o'+'- &y 3+ s&/( -o +sul- 4*++ -*++ /s o'u+'+ o -4o :2; +l++'-s) -*+ /s-3+/' -*+ /'-+'- -o &3&'(o' & /*- o l&/ &'( -*+ s+o'( 3+/' -*+ +-+'&l &- 3y 4*/* -*&-/'-+'-/o' /s ++ss+( &'( &/+( /'-o ++-. *++ us-, o+ov+, 3+ &' &-u&l, &s(/s-/'u/s*+( o & ++ly o+-+(, +l/'u/s*+'- o & l&/ o /*- o-*+4/s+ -*+ /*- o l&/ /s 'o- v&&-+( o 4&/v+( so &s -o 3+ sus+-/3l+ o 3+/' &o/&-+( 3y -*+ '+- o4'+.

*+s+ -4o :2; +u/++'-s &+ l+&ly l&/' /' -*+ &s+ &- 3&. *+ %/+-o o M/'+s &'(u3l/ +so'(+'- O/+ o -*+ P+s/(+'- *&( ou'( -*&-, /' o/'- o &-, /v&-+ +so'(+'-Su++ A+&-+s *&( +o+( /-s &''u&l 4o o3l/&-/o's. Su++ A+&-+s oul( 'o--*++o+ 3+ s&/( -o *&v+ /'-+'(+( -o &3&'(o' /-s /'/' l&/ o l+&s+, 'o-4/-*s-&'(/' -*+ &--*&- /- *&( &/l+( -o su3/- -*+ 'o&l (ou+'-&y oo o +o&'+ o &''u&l 4oo3l/&-/o's -*&- /s, -*+ A/(&v/- o A''u&l Fo O3l/&-/o's.

2. F*+-*+ o 'o- +-/-/o'+ M+(&'&, 3+/' +/s-++( o4'+ o u* o -*+ l&'( ov++( 3yMLC No. "=>57, *&s & +++'-/&l /*- -o +lo/- -*+ s&/( u&y u'(+ S+-/o' 6> o P.%. No.768.

No. I- /s -u+ -*&- u'(+ S+-/o' 6> o P.%. No. 768, +-/-/o'+ M+(&'&, &s +/s-++( o4'+ o

-*+ su+//+s o -*+ l&'( *++ /'volv+(, *&( & <+++'-/&l /*- -o +lo/- -*+ u&y +sou+sou'( -*++/'<. *&- /*-, *o4+v+, 4&s s/ly & +++'-/&l /*-, &'( -*&- /*- 4&s /'++-/v+-o (/ssolv+ -*+ +=+/s-/' o su3s/s-/' /*- o /v&-+ +so'(+'- Su++ A+&-+s. *+o(+ o 2> $+3u&y 19>9 o -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s, (+'y/' Su++ A+&-+sD Al/&-/o' -o

Av&/l o R/*-s &'( P/v/l++s, (/( 'o- *&v+, 'o (/( /- uo- -o *&v+, -*+ ++- o &'+ll/' o (+l&/' -*+ &u-o&-/ &3&'(o'+'- o MLC No. "=>57 &s 'o-+( &3ov+, -*++ s/ly 4&s 'ol+&l 3&s/s o so &'+ll/' o (+l&/' /- &s &3&'(o'+(. I- ollo4s -*&- -*+ 2> $+3u&y 19>9o(+ (/( 'o- o(u+ -*+ ++- o o+'/' u -*+ &+&s l+&s+( /' MLC No. "=>57 -o lo&-/o' o '+4 &u/s/-/o' o l/*-s 3y +-/-/o'+ M+(&'&, o 3y &'y o-*+ +so' o -*&- &--+. 5 I-



ollo4s, u-*+o+, -*&- +-/-/o'+Ds Ps Nos. @5, @6 &'( @> 4++ 'o- v&l/(ly /ssu+( -o 3+/'4/-* &'( -*&- -*+ ++ss &'+ll&-/o' o -*+ Ps (+++( /' -*+ %/+-o o M/'+sD (+/s/o' o 18 M&* 19@1, 4*/* o&lly +-//+( */s +o 3y +/'s-&-/' Su++ A+&-+sD

Al/&-/o', 4&s 'o- +v+' '++ss&y 3+/' ++ o'/&-oy o -*+ u/(/&l s/-u&-/o'.

8. F*+-*+ o 'o- -*+ o(+ o -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s (+'y/' Su++ A+&-+sD Al/&-/o'

*&( &l+&(y 3+o+ /'&l &'( ++u-oy /v+ :5; (&ys o ++/- o -*&- o(+ 3y /v&-++so'(+'- Su++ A+&-+s.

No. F+ *&v+ &l+&(y o/'-+( ou- &3ov+ -*&- -*+ (+'/&l o(+ o -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s (/( 'o-*&v+ -*+ ++- o /so &-o&'+ll/' MLC No. "=>57. I- +&/'s o'ly -*++o+ -o (+-+/'+4*+-*+, &s +-/-/o'+ o'-+'(s &'( &s -*+ o+ M/'/s-+ o N&-u&l R+sou+s *+l(, -*+++-/o' o(+ o -*+ %/+-o o M/'+s 3+&+ /'&l &'( ++u-oy uo' +/&-/o' o /v+ :5;(&ys o ++/- -*++o 3y Su++ A+&-+s.

F+ &++ 4/-* -*+ O/+ o -*+ P+s/(+'- -*&- S+-/o' 5 o P.%. No. 809 *&s 'o &l/&-/o' -o-*+ &s+ &- 3&. As /-s -/-l+ l+&ly /'(/&-+s, P.%. No. 809 &l/+s o'ly -o &s+s /'volv/'o'l/-/' /'/' l&/s, -*&- /s -o s&y, -o o(+s o (+/s/o's /ssu+( /' &(v+s&/&l o l/-/&-+(

o++(/'s /'volv/' /'/' l&/s 4/-* o'l/-/' o ov+l&/' 3ou'(&/+s.

7. F*+-*+ o 'o- *+ P+s/(+'- *&s o/-+( &v+ &3us+ o (/s+-/o' /' /-s (+/s/o'.

No. Ev+' / +-/-/o'+ *&( su++(+( /' s*o4/' -*&- -*+ O/+ o -*+ P+s/(+'- *&( /'(++(/so's-u+( so+ ov/s/o' o P.%. No. 768 &s &+'(+(, o o -*+ Rul+s &'( R+ul&-/o's/l++'-/' P.%. No. 768, o o P.%. No. 809, su* +o 4oul( s-/ll 3+ ++ly &' +o o l&4 o &' +o o u(+'- &'( +-&/'ly 'o- & &v+ &3us+ o (/s+-/o' o &' &- 4/-*ou- o /' ++sso u/s(/-/o' o+-/3l+ 3y +-/o&/.



13.

G.R. No. (8332 aua$= 16, 1((5Mie$s Assoiatio o> the Phi"i%%ies v. ato$a

AC-S9

E+u-/v+ O(+ Nos. 211 &'( 2>9 4++ /ssu+( 3y -*+ -*+' P+s. Au/'o. EO No. 211+s/3+s -*+ /'-+/ o+(u+s /' -*+ o+ss/' &'( &ov&l o &l/&-/o's o -*++lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'- &'( u-/l/?&-/o' o /'+&ls usu&'- -o S+-/o' 2, A-/l+ XII o -*+ 19@>Co's-/-u-/o'. EO No. 2>9 &u-*o/?+s -*+ %ENR S++-&y -o '+o-/&-+ &'( o'lu(+ o/'-=v+'-u+, o=o(u-/o', o o(u-/o'= s*&/' &+++'-s o -*+ +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'-,&'( u-/l/?&-/o' o /'+&l +sou+s.

*+ /ssu&'+ &'( -*+ /+(/' /l++'-&-/o' 3y -*+ %ENR o A(/'/s-&-/v+ O(+ Nos. 5> 4*/* (+l&+s -*&- &ll +/s-/' /'/' l+&s+s o &+++'-s 4*/* 4++ &'-+( &-+ -*+ ++-/v/-y o -*+ 19@> Co's-/-u-/o'Us*&ll 3+ o'v+-+( /'-o o(u-/o'=s*&/' &+++'-s4/-*/' o'+ :1; y+& o -*+ ++-/v/-y o -*+s+ u/(+l/'+s. &'( A(/'/s-&-/v+ O(+ No. @2

4*/* ov/(+s -*&- & &/lu+ -o su3/- L+--+ o I'-+'- &'( M/'+&l Po(u-/o'=S*&/' A+++'- 4/-*/' 2 y+&s o -*+ ++-/v/-y o -*+ %+&-+'- A(/'/s-&-/v+ O(+ No. 5>s*&ll &us+ -*+ &3&'(o'+'- o -*+ /'/', u&y, &'( s&'( &'( &v+l l&/s, &-+ -*+/ +s+-/v+ ++-/v/-y (&-+s o+ll+( -*+ M/'+s Asso/&-/o' o -*+ P*/l//'+s, I'., &'o&'/?&-/o' oos+( o /'/' os+-os &'( l&/ o4'+s &'( l&/ *ol(+s, -o /l+ -*+/'s-&'- +-/-/o' &ss&/l/' -*+/ v&l/(/-y &'( o's-/-u-/o'&l/-y 3+o+ -*/s Cou-.

ISSE9

A+ -*+ -4o %+&-+'- A(/'/s-&-/v+ O(+s v&l/(

E49

#+s. P+-/-/o'+Ds /'s/s-+'+ o' -*+ &l/&-/o' o P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 768, &s&+'(+(, &s -*+ ov+'/' l&4 o' -*+ &+-&'+ &'( &ov&l o (+l&&-/o's o lo&-/o' &'(&ll o-*+ /'(s o &l/&-/o's o -*+ +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'-, &'( u-/l/?&-/o' o /'+&l+sou+s usu&'- -o E+u-/v+ O(+ No. 211, /s +o'+ous. P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 768, &s&+'(+(, +-&/'s -o -*+ ol( sys-+ o +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'- &'( u-/l/?&-/o' o '&-u&l+sou+s -*ou* <l/+'s+, o'+ss/o' o l+&s+< 4*/*, *o4+v+, *&s 3++' (/s&llo4+( 3y

A-/l+ XII, S+-/o' 2 o -*+ 19@> Co's-/-u-/o'. By v/-u+ o -*+ s&/( o's-/-u-/o'&l &'(&-+ &'(/-s /l++'-/' l&4, E+u-/v+ O(+ No. 2>9 4*/* su+s+(+( E+u-/v+ O(+ No. 211, -*+ov/s/o's (+&l/' o' <l/+'s+, o'+ss/o' o l+&s+< o /'+&l +sou+s u'(+ P+s/(+'-/&l%+++ No. 768, &s &+'(+(, &'( o-*+ +/s-/' /'/' l&4s &+ (+++( ++&l+( &'(,-*++o+, +&s+( -o o+&-+ &s -*+ ov+'/' l&4. I' o-*+ 4o(s, /' &ll o-*+ &+&s o

&(/'/s-&-/o' &'( &'&++'- o /'+&l l&'(s, -*+ ov/s/o's o P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 768,&s &+'(+(, &'( o-*+ +/s-/' /'/' l&4s, s-/ll ov+'. S+-/o' > o E+u-/v+ O(+ No. 2>9ov/(+s, -*us)

S+. >. All ov/s/o's o P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 768, &s &+'(+(, o-*+ +/s-/' /'/' l&4s,&'( -*+/ /l++'-/' ul+s &'( +ul&-/o's, o &-s -*++o, 4*/* &+ 'o- /'o's/s-+'- 4/-*-*+ ov/s/o's o -*/s E+u-/v+ O(+, s*&ll o'-/'u+ /' o+ &'( ++-.



F+ll =s+--l+( /s -*+ ul+, *o4+v+, -*&- +&(l+ss o -*+ +s+v&-/o' l&us+, /'/' l+&s+s o &+++'-s &'-+( 3y -*+ S-&-+, su* &s -*os+ &'-+( usu&'- -o E+u-/v+ O(+ No. 211+++( -o -*/s +-/-/o', &+ su3+- -o &l-+&-/o's -*ou* & +&so'&3l+ ++/s+ o -*+ ol/+o4+ o -*+ S-&-+.

Ao(/'ly, -*+ S-&-+, /' -*+ ++/s+ o /-s ol/+ o4+ /' -*/s +&(, &y 'o- 3+ +lu(+( 3y

-*+ o's-/-u-/o'&l +s-/-/o' o' 'o'=/&/+'- o o'-&- o &l-+/', o(/y/' &'(&+'(/' -*+ /'/' l+&s+s o &+++'-s &'-+( u'(+ P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 768, &s&+'(+(, usu&'- -o E+u-/v+ O(+ No. 211. Pol/+ Po4+, 3+/' o=+-+'s/v+ 4/-* -*+'++ss/-/+s o -*+ &s+ &'( -*+ (+&'(s o u3l/ /'-++s- +-+'(s -o &ll -*+ v/-&l u3l/ '++(s.*+ &ss&+ o E+u-/v+ O(+ No. 2>9 4*/* su+s+(+( E+u-/v+ O(+ No. 211 ov/(+(l+&l 3&s/s o -*+ %ENR S++-&y -o &y /'-o ++- -*+ &'(&-+ o A-/l+ XII, S+-/o' 2 o -*+ 19@> Co's-/-u-/o'.



1:.

G.R. No. 1635*(

PICOP RESORCES, INC., vs. +ASE ME-AS MINERA RESORCESCORPORA-ION a! -E MINES A44ICA-ION +OAR4

AC-S9

C+'-&l M/'(&'&o M/'/' &'( %+v+lo+'- Coo&-/o' :CMMCI o 3+v/-y; +'-++( /'-o &M/'+s O+&-/' A+++'- :A+++'- o 3+v/-y; 4/-* B&'&*&4 M/'/' &'( %+v+lo+'-Coo&-/o' :B&'&*&4 M/'/' o 3+v/-y; 4*++3y -*+ l&--+ &++( -o &- &s M/'+ O+&-o o -*+ +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'-, &'( +v+'-u&l o+/&l o+&-/o' o CMMCIKs +/*-++' :1@;/'/' l&/s lo&-+( /' Aus&' (+l Su.

Pusu&'- -o -*+ -+s o -*+ A+++'-, B&'&*&4 M/'/' /l+( &l/&-/o's o M/'/' L+&s+Co'-&-s ov+ -*+ /'/' l&/s 4/-* -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s. So -*&- B&'&*&4 M/'/' 4&s /ssu+(& M/'+s +o&y P+/- &u-*o/?/' /- -o +-&- &'( (/sos+ o +/ous /'+&ls ou'( 4/-*/'

/-s /'/' l&/s. !o' /-s +/&-/o', -*+ -+o&y +/- 4&s su3s+u+'-ly +'+4+( -*/+ 3y-*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s, -*+ l&s- 3+/' o' Ju'+ 2@, 1991.

S/'+ & o-/o' o B&'&*&4 M/'/'Ks /'/' l&/s 4&s lo&-+( /' +-/-/o'+ PICOPKs lo/'o'+ss/o' /' Aus&' (+l Su, B&'&*&4 M/'/' &'( +-/-/o'+ PICOP +'-++( /'-o &M+o&'(u o A+++'-, 4*++3y, /' u-u&l +o'/-/o' o +&* o-*+Ks /*- -o -*+ &+&o'+'+(, +-/-/o'+ PICOP &llo4+( B&'&*&4 M/'/' &' &+ss/*- o 4&y -o /-s /'/'l&/s. B&'&*&4 M/'/' o'v+-+( /-s /'/' l&/s -o &l/&-/o's o M/'+&l Po(u-/o'S*&/' A+++'-s :MPSA o 3+v/-y;.

F*/l+ -*+ MPSA 4++ +'(/', B&'&*&4 M/'/', o' %++3+ 1@, 1996, (+/(+( -o s+ll&ss/'/-s /*-s &'( /'-++s-s ov+ -*/-y=s+v+' :8>; /'/' l&/s /' &vo o /v&-+ +so'(+'- B&s+

M+-&ls M/'+&l R+sou+s Coo&-/o' :B&s+ M+-&ls o 3+v/-y;. *+ -&'s+ /'lu(+( /'/'l&/s *+l( 3y B&'&*&4 M/'/' /' /-s o4' /*- &s l&/ o4'+, &s 4+ll &s -*os+ ov++( 3y /-s/'/' o+&-/' &+++'- 4/-* CMMCI.

!o' 3+/' /'o+( o -*+ (+v+lo+'-, CMMCI, &s l&/ o4'+, /+(/&-+ly &ov+( -*+&ss/'+'- &(+ 3y B&'&*&4 M/'/' /' &vo o /v&-+ +so'(+'- B&s+ M+-&ls, -*++3y+o'/?/' /v&-+ +so'(+'- B&s+ M+-&ls &s -*+ '+4 o+&-o o /-s l&/s.

O' M&* 10, 199>, /v&-+ +so'(+'- B&s+ M+-&ls &+'(+( B&'&*&4 M/'/'Ks +'(/'MPSA &l/&-/o's 4/-* -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s -o su3s-/-u-+ /-s+l &s &l/&'- &'( -o su3/-&((/-/o'&l (ou+'-s /' suo- o -*+ &l/&-/o'. A+& l+&&'+s o -*+ %ENR R+/o'&l%/+-o &'( Su+/'-+'(+'- o -*+ Aus&' M&s* &'( F/l(l/+ S&'-u&y 4++ su3/--+(, &s

+u/+(.

O' O-o3+ >, 199>, /v&-+ +so'(+'- B&s+ M+-&lsK &+'(+( MPSA &l/&-/o's 4++u3l/s*+( /' &o(&'+ 4/-* -*+ +u/++'-s o -*+ M/'/' A- o 1995.

O' Nov+3+ 1@, 199>, +-/-/o'+ PICOP /l+( 4/-* -*+ M/'+s G+o=S/+'+s Bu+&u :MGB;,C&&& R+/o'&l O/+ No. XIII &' A(v+s+ Cl&/ &'(o Oos/-/o' -o /v&-+ +so'(+'- B&s+M+-&lsK &l/&-/o'. A-+ -*+ su3/ss/o' o -*+/ +s+-/v+ os/-/o' &+, -*+ P&'+l A3/-&-o /ssu+( &' O(+ (/s&ov/' /v&-+ +so'(+'- B&s+ M+-&lsK MPSA o' -*+ +&so's -*&-



&(v+s+ l&/ 4&s /l+( o' -/+, -*&- -*+ &'-/' o -*+ MPSA &l/&-/o' o' &+& su3+- o &'I$MA o PLA 4*/* /s ov++( 3y & P+s/(+'-/&l F&&'-y, -*+ &'+l 3+l/+v+s /- &''o-, u'l+ss-*+ &'-++ o's+'-s -*++-o, 4/-*ou- -*+ &'-++Ks o's+'-, -*+ &+& /s o's/(++( los+( -o/'/' lo&-/o' :s+. 19; :3; :No. 2;, %AO No. 96=70; &'( -*&- -*+ /'/' lo&-/o' /' o+s- o -/3+l&'( /s &llo4+( o'ly / su* o+s- o -/3+l&'( /s 'o- l+&s+( 3y -*+ ov+'+'- -o &u&l//+( +so' o +'-/-y &'( / /- /s l+&s+( -*+ o's+'- o -*+ l+sso /s '++ss&y, /' &((/-/o' -o

-*+ &+& l+&&'+ -o 3+ /ssu+( 3y -*+ &+'y o'+'+( 3+o+ /- /s su3+-+( -o /'/'o+&-/o'.

Pl&'-&-/o' /s o's/(++( los+( -o /'/' lo&-/o's 3+&us+ /- /s o -&'+'- -o /'/'. Bo-* &++-++s. *+y &' 'o- +/s- &- -*+ s&+ -/+. *+ o-*+ us- '++ss&/ly s-o 3+o+ -*+ o-*+ o+&-+.

P/v&-+ +so'(+'- B&s+ M+-&ls /l+( & No-/+ o A+&l 4/-* u3l/ +so'(+'- MAB, -*+ l&--+ +'(++( -*+ &ss&/l+( (+/s/o' s+--/' &s/(+ -*+ P&'+l A3/-&-oKs o(+. *+ Cou- o A+&lsu*+l( -*+ (+/s/o' o -*+ MAB.

H+'+ -*/s +-/-/o'.

PICOP +s+'-s -*+ ollo4/' /ssu+s) :1; -*+ 2,>56 *+-&+s su3+- o B&s+ M+-&lsK MPSA &+los+( -o /'/' o+&-/o's ++- uo' PICOPKs 4/--+' o's+'- usu&'- -o +/s-/' l&4s,ul+s &'( +ul&-/o's &'( 3y v/-u+ o -*+ P+s/(+'-/&l F&&'-y :2; /-s P+s/(+'-/&l F&&'-y /so-+-+( 3y -*+ 'o'=/&/+'- l&us+ o -*+ Co's-/-u-/o' &'( :8; /- (o+s 'o- &/s+ '+4 /ssu+s/' /-s +-/-/o'.

PICOP &ss+-s -*&- /-s o'+ss/o' &+&s &+ los+( -o /'/' o+&-/o's &s -*+s+ &+ 4/-*/' -*+ Aus&'=Su/&o=%&v&o o+s- +s+v+ +s-&3l/s*+( u'(+ Pol&&-/o' No. 869 o -*+' Gov.G+'. %4/*- %&v/s. *+ &+& /s &ll++(ly &lso &- o +&'+'- o+s- +s-&3l/s*+( u'(+ R+u3l/ A- No. 8092 :RA 8092;, &'( ov+l&s -*+ 4/l(+'+ss &+& 4*++ /'/' &l/&-/o's&+ ++ssly o*/3/-+( u'(+ RA >5@6. H+'+, -*+ &+& /s los+( -o /'/' o+&-/o's u'(+

S+. 19:; o RA >972.

ISSE9

F*+-*+ o 'o- -*+ &+& ov++( 3y B&s+ M+-&lsK MPSA /s, 3y l&4, los+( -o /'/'&-/v/-/+s

F*+-*+ o 'o- -*+ P+s/(+'-/&l F&&'-y /s & o'-&- o-+-+( 3y -*+ 'o'=/&/+'-l&us+ o -*+ 19@> Co's-/-u-/o'.

E49

A'+'- -*+ /s- /ssu+, -*+ Cou- ul+( -*&- -*+ &+& ov++( 3y B&s+ M+-&lsK MPSA /s, 3yl&4, 'o- los+( -o /'/' &-/v/-/+s.

*++ /s 'o +v/(+'+ /' -*/s &s+ -*&- -*+ &+& ov++( 3y B&s+ M+-&lsK MPSA *&s 3++'ol&/+( &s 4&-+s*+( o+s- +s+v+s.

Ev+' &'-/' -*&- -*+ &+& ov++( 3y -*+ MPSA /s &- o -*+ Aus&'=%&v&o=Su/&o$o+s- R+s+v+, su* (o+s 'o- '++ss&/ly s/'/y -*&- -*+ &+& /s &3solu-+ly los+( -o /'/'&-/v/-/+s. Co'-&y -o PICOPKs o3v/ous /s+&(/' o ou (+/s/o' /' A+ M/'/' Co., I'. v.



G&/&, su&, -o -*+ ++- -*&- /'+&l &+++'-s &+ 'o- &llo4+( /' -*+ o+s- +s+v++s-&3l/s*+( u'(+ Pol&&-/o' 869, -*+ Cou- /' -*&- &s+ &-u&lly ul+( -*&- usu&'- -o P%768 &s &+'(+( 3y P% 18@5, o'+ &' &u/+ /'/' /*-s 4/-*/' o+s- +s+v+s, su* &s -*+

Aus&'=%&v&o=Su/&o $o+s- R+s+v+, 3y /'/-/&lly &ly/' o & +/- -o os+- 4/-* -*+Bu+&u o $o+s- &'( %+v+lo+'- &'( su3s+u+'-ly o & +/- -o +lo+ 4/-* -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s &'( G+os/+'+s.

Mo+ov+, S+. 1@ RA >972 &llo4s /'/' +v+' /' -/3+l&'( o o+s--y su3+- -o+/s-/' /*-s &'( +s+v&-/o's. S//l&ly, S+. 7> o P% >05 +/-s /'/' o+&-/o's /'o+s- l&'(s 4*/* /'lu(+ -*+ u3l/ o+s-, -*+ +&'+'- o+s- o o+s- +s+v+s, &'( o+s-+s+v&-/o's

F/-* +&( -o -*+ s+o'( /ssu+, -*+ Cou- (o 'o- su3s/3+ -o PICOPKs &u+'- -*&--*+ P+s/(+'-/&l F&&'-y (&-+( S+-+3+ 25, 196@ /s & o'-&- o-+-+( 3y -*+ 'o'=/&/+'- l&us+ o -*+ 19@> Co's-/-u-/o'. A' +&/'&-/o' o -*+ P+s/(+'-/&l F&&'-y &-o'+ +v+&ls -*&- /- s/ly +&ssu+s PICOP o -*+ ov+'+'-Ks o/-+'- -o u*ol( -*+-+s &'( o'(/-/o's o /-s -/3+ l/+'s+ &'( u&&'-++s PICOPKs +&+ul &'( &(+u&-+oss+ss/o' &'( +'oy+'- o -*+ &+&s 4*/* &+ -*+ 3&s/ sou+s o &4 &-+/&ls o /-s

4oo( o+ss/' ol+. *+ 4&&'-y ov+s o'ly -*+ /*- -o u-, oll+-, &'( +ov+ -/3+ /' /-s o'+ss/o' &+&, &'( (o+s 'o- +-+'( -o -*+ u-/l/?&-/o' o o-*+ +sou+s, su* &s /'+&l+sou+s, ou/' 4/-*/' -*+ o'+ss/o'.

*+ P+s/(+'-/&l F&&'-y &''o- 3+ o's/(++( & o'-&- (/s-/'- o PLA No. 7>&'( I$MA No. 85. I- /s ++ly & oll&-+&l u'(+-&/' 4*/* &''o- &l/y PICOPKs /*-su'(+ /-s -/3+ l/+'s+. S/'+ -/3+ l/+'s+s &+ 'o- o'-&-s, -*+ 'o'=/&/+'- l&us+&''o- 3+ /'vo+(.



15.

REP+IC O -E PIIPPINES 4IREC-OR O ORES- 4E/EOPMEN-', %etitioe$,vs. ON. COR- O APPEAS -IR4 4I/ISION' a! OSE . 4E A ROSA, $es%o!ets1(88)*:)15 G.R. No. ):3(38

AC-S9

V *+s+ &s+s &os+ o -*+ &l/&-/o' o +/s-&-/o' o & &+l o l&'( /l+( o' $+3u&y 11,1965, 3y Jos+ (+ l& Ros& o' */s o4' 3+*&l &'( o' 3+*&l o */s -*++ */l(+', "/-o/&,B+'&/' &'( E(u&(o.

V *+ l&'(, s/-u&-+( /' u(/', I-oo', B+'u+- Pov/'+, 4&s (/v/(+( /'-o 9 lo-s..

V Ao(/' -o -*+ &l/&-/o', Lo-s 1=5 4++ sol( -o Jos+ (+ l& Ros& &'( Lo-s 6=9 -o */s */l(+'3y M&&y& B&l3&l/o &'( J&/+ Al3+-o, +s+-/v+ly, /' 1967.

V *+ &l/&-/o' 4&s s+&&-+ly oos+( 3y B+'u+- Co'sol/(&-+(, I'. &s -o Lo-s 1=5, A-o

B/ F+(+ Coo&-/o', &s -o o-/o's o Lo-s 1=5 &'( &ll o Lo-s 6=9, &'( 3y -*+ R+u3l/ o -*+P*/l//'+s, -*ou* -*+ Bu+&u o $o+s-y %+v+lo+'-, &s -o Lo-s 1=9.

V I' suo- o -*+ &l/&-/o', 3o-* B&l3&l/o &'( Al3+-o -+s-//+( -*&- -*+y *&( &u/+( -*+su3+- l&'( 3y v/-u+ o +s/-/o'. B&l3&l/o l&/+( -o *&v+ ++/v+( Lo-s 1=5 o *+ &-*+ s*o-ly &-+ -*+ L/3+&-/o'. S*+ -+s-//+( s*+ 4&s 3o' /' -*+ l&'(, 4*/* 4&s oss+ss+( 3y *+ &+'-s u'(+ l&/ o o4'+s*/.

V Al3+-o s&/( *+ ++/v+( Lo-s 6=9 /' 1961 o */s o-*+, B+ll& Al3+-o, 4*o (+l&+( -*&- -*+l&'( 4&s l&'-+( 3y J&/+ &'( */s +(++ssos=/'=/'-++s- -o 3&'&'&s, &vo&(o, '&'& &'(&o-+, &'( 4&s +'los+( 4/-* & 3&3+(=4/+ +'+. S*+ 4&s oo3o&-+( 3y $+l/ M&os, 6>y+&s ol( &- -*+ -/+, 4*o +&ll+( -*+ +&l/+ oss+ss/o' o -*+ l&'( 3y Al3+-oDs &-*+.

V B&l3&l/o +s+'-+( *+ -& (+l&&-/o' /' 1956 &'( -*+ +&l-y -& ++/-s o -*&- y+& -o1967, 6 Al3+-o */s -& (+l&&-/o' /' 1961 &'( -*+ +&l-y -& ++/-s o -*&- y+& -o 1967.

V B+'u+- oos+( o' -*+ ou'( -*&- -*+ Ju'+ Bu /'+&l l&/ ov+/' Lo-s 1=5 4&s sol( -o/- o' S+-+3+ 22, 1987, 3y -*+ su+ssos=/'=/'-++s- o J&+s +lly, 4*o lo&-+( -*+ l&/ /'S+-+3+ 1909 &'( +o(+( /- o' O-o3+ 17, 1909.

V $o -*+ (&-+ o /-s u*&s+, B+'u+- *&( 3++' /' &-u&l, o'-/'uous &'( +lus/v+oss+ss/o' o -*+ l&'( /' o'+- o o4'+, &s +v/(+'+( 3y /-s o's-u-/o' o &(/-s, /-s&/(&v/-s o &''u&l &ss+ss+'-, /-s +olo/&l &/'s, +olo/&l s&l/'s &'( -+'* s/(+u-s, &'( /-s &y+'- o -&+s o' -*+ l&'(.

V *+ Bu+&u o $o+s-y %+v+lo+'- &lso /'-+os+( /-s o3+-/o', &u/' -*&- -*+ l&'(sou*- -o 3+ +/s-++( 4&s ov++( 3y -*+ C+'-&l Co(/ll+& $o+s- R+s+v+ u'(+ Pol&&-/o' No. 21> (&-+( $+3u&y 16, 1@29. Mo+ov+, 3y +&so' o /-s '&-u+, /- 4&s 'o-su3+- -o &l/+'&-/o' u'(+ -*+ Co's-/-u-/o's o 1985 &'( 19>8.

V *+ -/&l ou- (+'/+( -*+ &l/&-/o', *ol(/' -*&- -*+ &l/&'-s *&( &/l+( -o ov+ -*+/ l&/o oss+ss/o' &'( o4'+s*/ o -*+ l&'( sou*- -o 3+ +/s-++(.



V *+ &l/&'-s &+&l+( -o -*+ CA, 4*/* +v+s+( -*+ -/&l ou- &'( +o'/?+( -*+ l&/s o -*+ &l/&'-, 3u- su3+- -o -*+ /*-s o B+'u+- &'( A-o +s+-/' -*+/ /'/' l&/s.

V I' o-*+ 4o(s, -*+ Cou- o A+&ls &/+( -*+ su&+ /*-s o -*+ (+ l& Ros&s ov+ -*+l&'( 4*/l+ &- -*+ s&+ -/+ +s+v/' -*+ su3=su&+ /*-s o B+'u+- &'( A-o 3y v/-u+ o -*+/ /'/' l&/s.

V Bo-* B+'u+- &'( A-o *&v+ &+&l+( -o -*+ Su++ Cou-, /'vo/' -*+/ su+/o /*- o o4'+s*/. *+ R+u3l/ *&s /l+( /-s o4' +-/-/o' o +v/+4 &'( +/-+&-+s /-s &u+'- -*&-'+/-*+ -*+ /v&-+ +so'(+'-s 'o -*+ -4o /'/' o&'/+s *&v+ &'y v&l/( l&/ -o -*+ l&'(3+&us+ /- /s 'o- &l/+'&3l+ &'( +/s-+&3l+.

ISSE9

V FON Bo-* B+'u+- &'( A-o *&v+ +lus/v+ /*- o o4'+s*/ ov+ -*+ l&'(.

V FON '+/-*+ -*+ /v&-+ +so'(+'-s 'o -*+ -4o /'/' o&'/+s *&v+ &'y v&l/( l&/ -o-*+ l&'( 3+&us+ /- /s 'o- &l/+'&3l+ &'( +/s-&3l+.

RING9

V SC ul+( -*&- B+'u+- &'( A-o *&v+ +lus/v+ /*-s -o -*+ o+-y /' u+s-/o' 3y v/-u+ o -*+/ +s+-/v+ /'/' l&/s 4*/* -*+y v&l/(ly &u/+( 3+o+ -*+ Co's-/-u-/o' o 1985o*/3/-+( -*+ &l/+'&-/o' o &ll l&'(s o -*+ u3l/ (o&/' ++- &/ul-u&l l&'(s, su3+- -ov+s-+( /*-s +/s-/' &- -*+ -/+ o /-s &(o-/o'. *+ l&'( 4&s 'o- &'( oul( 'o- *&v+ 3++'-&'s++( -o -*+ /v&-+ +so'(+'-s 3y v/-u+ o &u/s/-/v+ +s/-/o', 'o oul( /-s us+ 3+s*&+( s/ul-&'+ously 3y -*+ &'( -*+ /'/' o&'/+s o &/ul-u&l &'( /'+&l uos+s.

*+ l&4 /' -*+ +&so'/' o -*+ +so'(+'- ou- /s /' suos/' -*&- -*+ /*-s ov+ -*+ l&'(oul( 3+ us+( o 3o-* /'/' &'( 'o'=/'/' uos+s s/ul-&'+ously. *+ o+-

/'-++-&-/o' /s -*&- o'+ /'+&ls &+ (/sov++( /' -*+ l&'(, 4*&-+v+ -*+ us+ -o 4*/* /- /s3+/' (+vo-+( &- -*+ -/+, su* us+ &y 3+ (/so'-/'u+( 3y -*+ S-&-+ -o +'&3l+ /- -o +-&- -*+/'+&ls -*++/' /' -*+ ++/s+ o /-s sov++/' +o&-/v+. *+ l&'( /s -*us o'v+-+( -o/'+&l l&'( &'( &y 'o- 3+ us+( 3y &'y /v&-+ &-y, /'lu(/' -*+ +/s-++( o4'+ -*++o,o &'y o-*+ uos+ -*&- 4/ll /+(+ -*+ /'/' o+&-/o's -o 3+ u'(+-&+' -*++/'. $o -*+loss sus-&/'+( 3y su* o4'+, *+ /s o ous+ +'-/-l+( -o us- o+'s&-/o' u'(+ -*+ M/'/'L&4s o /' &o/&-+ +o/&-/o' o++(/'s.

V I- /s -u+ -*&- -*+ su3+- o+-y 4&s o's/(++( o+s- l&'( &'( /'lu(+( /' -*+ C+'-&lCo(/ll+& $o+s- R+s+v+, 3u- -*/s (/( 'o- /&/ -*+ /*-s &l+&(y v+s-+( /' B+'u+- &'( A-o&- -*&- -/+. *+ Cou- o A+&ls o+-ly (+l&+( -*&-)

<*++ /s 'o u+s-/o' -*&- -*+ 9 lo-s &l/+( o &+ 4/-*/' -*+ Ju'+ Bu /'+&l l&/s o B+'u+- &'( -*+ D$+(/& &'( E&D /'+&l l&/s o A-o. *+ Ju'+ Bu /'+&l l&/ o l&/'-/ B+'u+- 4&s o'+ o -*+ 16 /'/' l&/s o J&+s E. +lly, &' A+/&' &'( /'/'lo&-o. H+ /l+( */s (+l&&-/o' o -*+ lo&-/o' o -*+ Ju'+ Bu /'+&l &'( -*+ s&+ 4&s+o(+( /' -*+ M/'/' R+o(+Ds O/+ o' O-o3+ 17, 1909. All o -*+ +lly l&/s *&(su3s+u+'-ly 3++' &u/+( 3y B+'u+- Co'sol/(&-+(, I'. B+'u+-Ds +v/(+'+ /s -*&- /- *&(&(+ /ov++'-s o' -*+ Ju'+ Bu /'+&l l&/ o's/s-/' o /'+ -u''+ls /o -o 1985. I-*&( su3/--+( -*+ +u/+( &/(&v/- o &''u&l &ss+ss+'-. A-+ Fol( F& II, B+'u+-/'-o(u+( /ov++'-s o' /'+&l l&/ Ju'+ Bu, &'( &lso o'(u-+( +olo/&l &/'s,



+olo/&l s&l/' &'( -+'* s/(+ u-s. I' 197@, B+'u+- +(+l&+( -*+ DJu'+ BuD o -&&-/o' &'( *&( +l//ously &/( -*+ -&+s.

<*+ E& &'( $+(/& l&/s 4++ -4o o -*+ s+v+&l l&/s o H&/so' +/s-++( /' 1981,&'( 4*/* A-o ++s+'-&-/v+s &u/+(. Po-/o's o Lo-s 1 -o 5 &'( &ll o Lo-s 6 -o 9 &+ 4/-*/'-*+ E& &'( $+(/& /'+&l l&/s o A-o B/ F+(+ M/'/' Co&'y. <

*+ Ju'+ Bu /'+&l l&/ o B+'u+- &'( -*+ $+(/& &'( E& /'+&l l&/s o A-o*&v/' 3++' ++-+( /o -o -*+ &ov&l o -*+ Co's-/-u-/o' o -*+ P*/l//'+s o 1985, -*+y4++ +ov+( o -*+ u3l/ (o&/' &'( *&( 3+o+ /v&-+ o+-/+s o B+'u+- &'( A-o.F+ &++ l/+4/s+ 4/-* -*+ oos/-os -*&- *&v/' ol/+( 4/-* &ll -*+ +u/++'-s o -*+/'/' l&4s, -*+ l&/s 4++ +ov+( o -*+ u3l/ (o&/', &'( 'o- +v+' -*+ ov+'+'- o -*+ P*/l//'+s &' -&+ &4&y -*/s /*- o -*+. *+ +&so' /s o3v/ous. H&v/' 3+o+ -*+/v&-+ o+-/+s o -*+ oos/-os, -*+y &''o- 3+ (+/v+( -*++o 4/-*ou- (u+ o+ss o l&4.

18.



G.R. No. 131: u"= 1*, 2***REP+IC O -E PIIPPINES, Re%$esete! 7= the PO-ION A44ICA-ION+OAR4 4ENR' vs. MARCOPPER MINING CORPORA-ION

AC-S9

R+so'(+'- MMC 4&s /ssu+( & -+o&y +/- -o o+&-+ & -&/l/'s s+& (/sos&l sys-+. I'-*+ +&'-/+, -*+ N&-/o'&l Pollu-/o' Co'-ol Co/ss/o' :NPCC; 4&s &3ol/s*+( 3y EO No.192 (&-+( Ju'+ 10, 19@>, &'( /-s o4+s &'( u'-/o's 4++ /'-+&-+( /'-o -*+ E'v/o'+'-&lM&'&++'- Bu+&u &'( /'-o -*+ Pollu-/o' A(u(/&-/o' Bo&( :PAB;.

O' A/l 11, 19@@, -*+ %ENR S++-&y, /' */s &&/-y &s C*&/&' o -*+ PAB, /ssu+( &'O(+ (/+-/' MMC -o <+&s+ &'( (+s/s- o (/s*&/' /'+ -&/l/'s /'-o C&l&'&' B&y.<*/s 4&s &+&l+( 3y -*+ MMC 4/-* -*+ O/+ o -*+ P+s/(+'- :OP;.

I' l/'+ 4/-* -*+ (/+-/v+ o -*+ OP, -*+ C&l&'&' B&y R+*&3/l/-&-/o' Po+- :CBRP; 4&s+&-+(, &'( MMC +/--+( -*+ &ou'- o P80,000.00 & (&y, s-&-/' o M&y 18, 19@@ -o -*+

Eoloy us- $u'( :E$; -*++o. Ho4+v+, o' Ju'+ 80, 1991, MMC s-o+( (/s*&/' /-s-&/l/'s /' -*+ B&y, *+'+, /- l/+4/s+ +&s+( o &/' u-*+ (+os/-s -o -*+ E$.

*+ PAB sou*- o -*+ +'o++'- o -*+ o(+ /ssu+( 3y -*+ OP, *o4+v+, -*+ CA &-+( o'M&o+Ks +-/-/o' &'( o(++( -*+ PAB -o +&/' &'( (+s/s- o +'o/' &o+s&/( O(+.H+'+, -*+ /'s-&'- +-/-/o'.

ISSE9

*+ Cou- o A+&ls ++( /' ul/' -*&- R+u3l/ A- No. >972 ++&l+( -*+ ov/s/o's o R+u3l/ A- No. 8981, &s &+'(+( 3y P+s/(+'-/&l %+++ No. 9@7, 4/-* +s+- -o -*+ o4+ &'( u'-/o' o +-/-/o'+ Pollu-/o' A(u(/&-/o' Bo&( -o /ssu+, +'+4 o (+'y +/-s o -*+

(/s*&+ o -*+ /'+ -&/l/'s.

E49

*+ SC *+l( -*&- -*+ CA ++( /' ul/' -*&- -*+ PAB *&( 'o &u-*o/-y -o /ssu+ -*+ O(+ o-*+ ul/' o -*+ Cou- o A+&ls -*&- -*+ PAB *&s 3++' (/v+s-+( o &u-*o/-y -o &- o' ollu-/o'=+l&-+( &--+s /' /'/' o+&-/o's /s &'*o+( o' -*+ ov/s/o's o RA >972 :P*/l//'+M/'/' A- o 1995;. Ho4+v+, S+-/o' 19 o EO 192 v+s-+( -*+ PAB 4/-* -*+ s+// o4+ -o&(u(/&-+ ollu-/o' &s+s /' +'+&l. S+. 2, &. :&; o P% 9@7 (+/'+s -*+ -+ <ollu-/o'< &s++/' -o &'y &l-+&-/o' o -*+ *ys/&l, *+/&l &'( 3/olo/&l o+-/+s o &'y 4&-+, &/ &'(o l&'( +sou+s o -*+ P*/l//'+s , o &'y (/s*&+ -*++-o o &'y l/u/(, &s+ous o sol/( 4&s-+s &s 4/ll o /s l/+ly -o +&-+ & *&ul +'v/o'+'-.

O' -*+ o-*+ *&'(, -*+ &u-*o/-y o -*+ /'+s +/o'&l (/+-o /s ol++'-&y -o -*&- o -*+PAB. F*/l+ -*+ /'+s +/o'&l (/+-o *&s ++ss &(/'/s-&-/v+ &'( +ul&-oy o4+s ov+ /'/' o+&-/o's &'( /'s-&ll&-/o's, /- *&s 'o &(u(/&-/v+ o4+s ov+ ol&/'-s o v/ol&-/o' o ollu-/o' o'-ol s-&-u-+s &'( +ul&-/o's. Co'-&y -o -*+ ul/' o -*+ CA, RA >972 (o+s 'o-v+s- u&s/=u(//&l o4+s /' -*+ M/'+s R+/o'&l %/+-o. *+ &u-*o/-y /s v+s-+( &'( +&/'s4/-* -*+ PAB. N+/-*+ 4&s su* &u-*o/-y o'++( uo' -*+ P&'+l o A3/-&-os &'( -*+ M/'+s

A(u(/&-/o' Bo&( 4*/* 4++ +&-+( 3y -*+ s&/( l&4. *+ so+ o &u-*o/-y o -*+ P&'+l o



A3/-&-os &'( -*+ M/'+s A(u(/&-/o' Bo&( o'++( 3y RA >972 l+&ly +lu(+ &(u(/&-/v++so's/3/l/-y ov+ ollu-/o' &s+s.



1(.

PEOPE v. ROSEMOORG.R. No. 1:((2Ma$h 3*, 2**:

AC-S9

Ros+oo M/'/' A'( %+v+lo+'- Coo&-/o' Coo&-/o' :Ros+oo;, &-+ *&v/' 3++'&'-+( +/ss/o' -o os+- o &3l+ (+os/-s /' -*+ ou'-&/'s o B/&='&=B&-o, Bul&&',su++(+( /' (/sov+/' &3l+ (+os/-s o */* u&l/-y &'( /' o+/&l u&'-/-/+s. *+y&l/+( 4/-* -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s :'o4 M/'+s &'( G+os/+'+s Bu+&u;, o -*+ /ssu&'+ o -*+o+so'(/' l/+'s+ -o +lo/- s&/( &3l+ (+os/-s, 4*/* 4&s /ssu+( -o -*+, /v/' -*+-*+ /*- -o u&y 880 *+-&+s o l&'(. A-+ E'+s-o M&+(& 4&s &o/'-+( M/'/s-+ o %ENR,*+ &'+ll+( Ros+ooKs l/+'s+. Ros+oo /l+( o /'u'-/v+ +l/+ o -*+ RC, 4*/* ul+(/' -*+/ &vo.

*+ RC s&/( -*&- Ros+4oo(Ks +so'(+'-sK l/+'s+ *&( &l+&(y /+'+( /'-o & o+-y /*-,4*/* 4&s o-+-+( u'(+ -*+ (u+ o+ss l&us+, &'( su* /*- 4&s suos+(ly v/ol&-+(4*+' -*+ l/+'s+ 4&s u'us-//&3ly &'+ll+( 4/-*ou- 'o-/+ &'( *+&/'. P+-/-/o'+s &v+ -*&--*+ l/+'s+ o'-&v+'+s P% 768 3+&us+ /- +++(s -*+ &/u &+& -*&- &y 3+ &'-+( -o& L/+'s++ o u&y/' :100 *+-&+s;, 4*/* +'(+s -*+ l/+'s+ vo/(. *+ CA sus-&/'+( -*+RC (+/s/o' 3+&us+ -*+ l/+'s+ 4&s +3&+( 3y ou :7; s+&&-+ &l/&-/o's, &'( -*&- -*+100 *+-&+ l//-&-/o' 4&s su+s+(+( 3y RA >972. *+ CA &lso s&/( -*&- Pol&&-/o' @7,4*/* o'/+( -*+ &'+ll&-/o' o -*+ l/+'s+, /&/+( -*+ 'o'=/&/+'- l&us+ o o'-&-s, & 3/ll o &--&/'(+ &'( &' + os- &-o l&4.

ISSE9

FN Ros+ooKs l/+'s+ 4&s v&l/(ly &'+ll+(. W #ES.

RA-IO9

/a"i!it= o> iese

P% 768, &s &+'(+(, +-&/'+( -o -*+ ol( sys-+ o +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'- &'(u-/l/?&-/o' o '&-u&l +sou+s -*ou* l/+'s+s, o'+ss/o's o l+&s+s, 3u- 4&s o/--+( /' -*+19@> Co's-/-u-/o' &s /- 4&s (+++( v/ol&-/v+ o /-s ov/s/o's. */s 4&s +l&+( 3y RA >972 o -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o 1995 ++&l+( o &+'(+( &ll l&4s, ++u-/v+ o(+s, +s/(+'-/&l(+++s, ul+s &'( +ul&-/o's == o &-s -*++o == -*&- &+ /'o's/s-+'- 4/-* /-.

F*/l+ RA >972 *&s ++ssly ++&l+( ov/s/o's o /'/' l&4s -*&- &+ /'o's/s-+'-4/-* /-s o4', /- 'o'+-*+l+ss +s+-s +v/ously /ssu+( v&l/( &'( +/s-/' l/+'s+s. I' -*/s &s+,-*+ -+s o Ros+ooKs l/+'s+ 4&s su3+- -o P% 768, -*+ +/s-/' l&4 4*+' /- 4&s &'-+(.

A'( u'(+ su* l&4, /- /s l+& -*&- & l/+'s+ s*oul( o'ly ov+ 100 *+-&+s 4/-*ou- ++-/o'so o's/(+&-/o' -o -*+ 'u3+ o &l/&-/o's. *+ /'-+'- o -*+ l&4 4oul( 3+ 3&?+'ly/uv+'-+( 3y ul/' -*&- & l/+'s+ &y ov+ &' &+& +++(/' -*+ &/u 3y -*+ ++++(/+'y o /l/' s+v+&l &l/&-/o's. Su* ul/' 4oul( /'(/+-ly +/- &' &- -*&- /s(/+-ly o*/3/-+( 3y -*+ l&4.



/a"i!it= o> P$o"a0atio No. 8:

Ros+ooKs l/+'s+ &y 3+ +vo+( o +s/'(+( 3y ++u-/v+ &-/o' 4*+' -*+ '&-/o'&l/'-++s- so +u/+s, 3+&us+ /- /s 'o- & o'-&-, o+-y o & o+-y /*- o-+-+( 3y -*+(u+ o+ss l&us+ o -*+ Co's-/-u-/o'. */s o'(/-/o' -o -*+ l/+'s+ 4&s &'o4l+(+( 3yRos+oo /' /-s +/-. Mo+ov+, &'-/' -*&- Ros+ooK l/+'s+ /s v&l/(, /- &' s-/ll 3+ v&l/(ly

+vo+( 3y -*+ S-&-+ /' -*+ ++/s+ o ol/+ o4+. *+ ++/s+ o su* o4+ -*ou*Pol&&-/o' No. @7 /s l+&ly /' &o( 4/-* -*+ +&l/& (o-/'+ 4*/* +s+v+s -o -*+ S-&-+o4'+s*/ o &ll '&-u&l +sou+s.

Pol&&-/o' @7 (o+s 'o- /&/ -*+ 'o'=/&/+'- l&us+ 3+&us+ -*+ l/+'s+ /s 'o- &o'-&-. Ev+' / -*+ l/+'s+ 4++, /- /s s+--l+( -*&- ov/s/o's o +/s-/' l&4s &'( & +s+v&-/o'o ol/+ o4+ &+ (+++( +&( /'-o /-, 3+&us+ /- o'+'s & su3+- /+ss+( 4/-* u3l/4+l&+. PN @7 /s &lso 'o- & 3/ll o &--&/'(+ 3+&us+ -*+ (+l&&-/o' -*&- -*+ l/+'s+ 4&s vo/( /s'o- & u'/s*+'-. I- /s &lso 'o- &' + os- &-o l&4 3+&us+ -*+ ol&&-/o' (o+s 'o- &llu'(+ &'y o -*+ +'u+&-+( &-+o/+s o &' + os- &-o l&4. A'( &' + os- &-o l&4 /sl//-+( /' /-s so+ o'ly -o &--+s //'&l /' '&-u+.



2*.

DG.R. No. 1351(*. A%$i" 3, 2**2SO-EAS- MIN4ANAO GO4 MINING CORPORA-ION, %etitioe$, vs. +AI-E POR-AMINING COOPERA-I/E a! othe$s si0i"a$"= situate!F a! -E ONORA+E AN-ONIOCERIES, i his a%ait= as Se$eta$= o> the 4e%a$t0et o> Evi$o0et a! Natu$a"

Resou$es 4ENR', PRO/INCIA MINING REGA-OR +OAR4 O 4A/AO PMR+)4avao', $es%o!ets.

AC-S9

*+ /'s-&'- &s+ /'volv+s & /* -&- o /'+&l l&'( s/-u&-+( /' -*+ Aus&'=%&v&o=Su/&o$o+s- R+s+v+ 'o4' &s -*+ %/4&l4&l Gol( Rus* A+&. -*+ l&'( *&s 3++' +3o/l+( /'o'-ov+sy :%IFALFAL Co'l/-; s/'+ -*+ /(=@0Ks (u+ -o -*+ s&3l+ ov+ ol( (+os/-sou'( 4/-*/' /-s 3o4+ls.

O' Ju'+ 27, 199>, -*+ %ENR S++-&y /ssu+( M+o&'(u O(+ No. 9>=08 4*/* ov/(+(,&o' o-*+s, -*&-)

*+ %ENR s*&ll s-u(y -*oou*ly &'( +*&us-/v+ly -*+ o-/o' o (/+- s-&-+ u-/l/?&-/o' o -*+/'+&l +sou+s /' -*+ %/4&l4&l Gol(=Rus* A+&. Su* s-u(y s*&ll /'lu(+, 3u- s*&ll 'o- 3+l//-+( -o, s-u(y/' &'( 4+/*/' -*+ +&s/3/l/-y o +'-+/' /'-o &'&++'- &+++'-s o o+&-/' &+++'-s, o 3o-*, 4/-* -*+ &o/&-+ ov+'+'- /'s-u+'-&l/-/+s o /v&-++'-/-/+s, o 3o-*, /' &y/' ou- -*+ (+l&+( ol/y o &-/o'&l/?/' -*+ /'/' o+&-/o's /' -*+%/4&l4&l Gol( Rus* A+& su* &+++'-s s*&ll /'lu(+ ov/s/o's o o/-=s*&/' 3+-4++'-*+ s-&-+ &'( -*+ s&/( &-/+s, /'lu(/' o/-=s*&/' &&'++'-s 4/-* s&ll=s&l+ /'+s, &s4+ll &s -*+ &y+'- o oy&l-/+s -o /'(/+'ous ul-u&l ou'/-/+s, &o' o-*+s. *+!'(+s++-&y o $/+l( O+&-/o's, &s 4+ll &s -*+ !'(+s++-&y o L+&l &'( L+/sl&-/v+

A&/s &'( A--&*+( A+'/+s, &'( -*+ %/+-o o -*+ M/'+s &'( G+o=s/+'+s Bu+&u &+*++3y o(++( -o u'(+-&+ su* s-u(/+s.

O' July 16, 199>, +-/-/o'+ /l+( & s+/&l /v/l &-/o' o +-/o&/, o*/3/-/o' &'( &'(&us3+o+ -*+ Cou- o A+&ls. I- &y+( o -*+ 'ull//&-/o' o M+o&'(u O(+ No. 9>=08.O' M&* 19, 199@, -*+ Cou- o A+&ls, (/s/ss+( -*+ +-/-/o'. I- ul+( -*&- -*+ %ENRS++-&y (/( 'o- &3us+ */s (/s+-/o' /' /ssu/' M+o&'(u O(+ No. 9>=08 s/'+ -*+ s&+4&s ++ly & (/+-/v+ -o o'(u- s-u(/+s o' -*+ v&/ous o-/o's &v&/l&3l+ -o -*+ ov+'+'- o solv/' -*+ %/4&l4&l o'l/-. *+ &ss&/l+( +o&'(u (/( 'o- o'lus/v+ly &(o- (/+-s-&-+ u-/l/?&-/o' &s o//&l ov+'+'- ol/y o' -*+ &--+, 3u- 4&s s/ly & &'/+s-&-/o' o -*+ %ENRKs /'-+'- -o o's/(+ /- &s o'+ o /-s o-/o's, &-+ (+-+/'/' /-s +&s/3/l/-y -*ou*s-u(/+s. MO 9>=08 4&s o'ly -*+ /'/-/&l s-+ /' -*+ l&((+ o &(/'/s-&-/v+ o+ss &'( (/( 'o-,&s y+-, / &'y o3l/&-/o', l+&l +l&-/o's*/ o /*-.

P+-/-/o'+ /l+( & o-/o' o +o's/(+&-/o', 4*/* 4&s (+'/+( o l& o +/-. H+'+ -*/s+-/-/o'.

ISSE9

FON CA ++( 4*+' /- o'lu(+( -*&- -*+ &ss&/l+( +o&'(u o(+ (/( 'o- &(o- -*+ (/+-s-&-+ u-/l/?&-/o' s*++ /' +solv/' -*+ %/4&l4&l Co'l/-.



E49

No s/'+ -*+ *&ll+'+( MO 9>=08 (/( 'o- o'lus/v+ly &(o- (/+- s-&-+ u-/l/?&-/o' &s & ol/y/' +solv/' -*+ %/4&l4&l (/su-+. *+ -+s o -*+ +o&'(u l+&ly /'(/&-+ -*&- 4*&- 4&s(/+-+( -*++u'(+ 4&s ++ly & s-u(y o -*/s o-/o' &'( 'o-*/' +ls+. Co'-&y -o +-/-/o'+Kso'-+'-/o', /- (/( 'o- &'- &'y &'&++'-o+&-/' o o/-=s*&/' &+++'- -o s&ll=

s&l+ /'+s o -o &'y &-y, o -*&- &--+, 3u- s/ly /'s-u-+( -*+ %ENR o//&ls o'+'+(-o u'(+-&+ s-u(/+s -o (+-+/'+ /-s +&s/3/l/-y.

A((/-/o'&lly, -*++ &' 3+ 'o v&l/( oos/-/o' &/s+( &&/'s- & ++ s-u(y o &' &l-+'&-/v+ 4*/*-*+ S-&-+, -*ou* -*+ %ENR, /s &u-*o/?+( -o u'(+-&+ /' -*+ /s- l&+. Fo-* 'o-/' /s

A-/l+ XII, S+-/o' 2, o -*+ 19@> Co's-/-u-/o' , 4*/* s+//&lly ov/(+s)

SEC. 2. All l&'(s o -*+ u3l/ (o&/', 4&-+s, /'+&ls, o&l, +-ol+u, &'( o-*+ /'+&l o/ls,&ll o+s o o-+'-/&l +'+y, /s*+/+s, o+s-s o -/3+, 4/l(l/+, lo& &'( &u'&, &'( o-*+ '&-u&l +sou+s &+ o4'+( 3y -*+ S-&-+. F/-* -*+ ++-/o' o &/ul-u&l l&'(s, &ll o-*+ '&-u&l +sou+s s*&ll 'o- 3+ &l/+'&-+(. *+ +lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'-, &'( u-/l/?&-/o' o '&-u&l +sou+s s*&ll 3+ u'(+ -*+ ull o'-ol &'( su+v/s/o' o -*+ S-&-+. *+ S-&-+ &y

(/+-ly u'(+-&+ su* &-/v/-/+s, o /- &y +'-+ /'-o o=o(u-/o', o/'- v+'-u+, o o(u-/o'=s*&/' &+++'-s 4/-* $/l//'o /-/?+'s, o oo&-/o's o &sso/&-/o's &- l+&s- s/-y + +'-u o 4*os+ &/-&l /s o4'+( 3y su* /-/?+'s. Su* &+++'-s &y 3+ o & +/o( 'o-+++(/' -4+'-y=/v+ y+&s, +'+4&3l+ o 'o- o+ -*&' -4+'-y=/v+ y+&s, &'( u'(+ su*-+s &'( o'(/-/o's &s &y 3+ ov/(+( 3y l&4. I' &s+s o 4&-+ /*-s o //&-/o', 4&-+ suly, /s*+/+s, o /'(us-/&l us+s o-*+ -*&' -*+ (+v+lo+'- o 4&-+ o4+, 3+'+//&l us+&y 3+ -*+ +&su+ &'( l//- o -*+ &'-. :!'(+so/' ous;

L/+4/s+, S+-/o' 7, C*&-+ II o -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o 1995 s-&-+s)

SEC. 7. O4'+s*/ o M/'+&l R+sou+s. = M/'+&l R+sou+s &+ o4'+( 3y -*+ S-&-+ &'( -*++lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'-, u-/l/?&-/o', &'( o+ss/' -*++o s*&ll 3+ u'(+ /-s ull o'-ol &'(

su+v/s/o'. *+ S-&-+ &y (/+-ly u'(+-&+ su* &-/v/-/+s o /- &y +'-+ /'-o /'+&l&+++'-s 4/-* o'-&-os. :!'(+so/' ous;

*us, -*+ S-&-+ &y usu+ -*+ o's-/-u-/o'&l ol/y o ull o'-ol &'( su+v/s/o' o -*++lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'- &'( u-/l/?&-/o' o -*+ ou'-yKs '&-u&l /'+&l +sou+s, 3y +/-*+ (/+-ly u'(+-&/' -*+ s&+ o 3y +'-+/' /'-o &+++'-s 4/-* u&l//+( +'-/-/+s. *+ %ENRS++-&y &-+( 4/-*/' */s &u-*o/-y 4*+' *+ o(++( & s-u(y o -*+ /s- o-/o', 4*/* &y 3+u'(+-&+' o's/s-+'-ly /' &o(&'+ 4/-* -*+ o's-/-u-/o'&l ol/y +'u'/&-+( &3ov+.O3v/ously, -*+ S-&-+ &y 'o- 3+ +lu(+( o o's/(+/' & (/+- -&+ov+ o -*+ /'+s, / /-/s -*+ o'ly l&us/3l+ ++(y /' s/*- -o -*+ '&4/' ol+/-/+s +'+&-+( 3y -*+ ol( us*. As/l/+( +&l/+, -*+ S-&-+ '++( 3+ u/(+( o'ly 3y -*+ (+&'(s o u3l/ /'-++s- /' s+--l/' o -*/s o-/o', &s 4+ll &s /-s &-+/&l &'( lo/s-/ +&s/3/l/-y.

I' -*/s +&(, +-/-/o'+Ks /u-&-/o' o 3&( &/-* o' -*+ &- o -*+ %ENR S++-&y 4*+' -*+l&--+ /ssu+( MO 9>=08 /s 'o- 4+ll=-&+'. H+'+ +-/-/o' (+'/+(.



21.

Case9 S-AN4AR4 MINERA PRO4C-S, INC. vs -E ON. COR- O APPEASG$ No. ):32.4ate9 A%$i" 26, 1((*Poete9 MEENCIO)ERRERA, .9

ats9

A P+-/-/o' o R+v/+4 o' C+-/o&/ o -*+ %+/s/o' o R+so'(+'- A+ll&-+ Cou-, &//' -*+ u(+'- o -*+ o+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o R/?&l (+'y/' su&+ /*-s o /'/'uos+s -o P+-/-/o'+.

P+-/-/o'+=A+ll&'- S-&'(&( M/'+&l Po(u-s, I'. :SMPI, o s*o-; l&/s -*&- /- /s -*+ lo&-o o l&+ /'/' l&/s <C+l/& I"< &'( <C+l/& "I< o'-&/'/' l/+s-o'+ /' &ys/o-, A'-/olo,R/?&l, 4*/* 4++ (uly +/s-++( /' -*+ O/+ o -*+ M/'/' R+o(+ o R/?&l *+&o++'-/o'+( /'/' l&/s ov+ &3ou- /-++' :15; *+-&+s o -*+ o'+ *u'(+(=-4+'-y :120;*+-&+s o l&'( +/s-++( /' -*+ '&+ o R+so'(+'-=A+ll++, Ru/'o %++u'*o'

A-+ lo&-/' -*+ l&/s, SMPI &l/+( o & /'/' l+&s+ o -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s. *+L&'(o4'+s oos+( -*+ &l/&-/o' o' -*+ ou'( -*&- SMPI *&( +'-++( -*+/ l&'( &'( /l+(/-s /'/' l+&s+ &l/&-/o' 4/-*ou- -*+/ +/ss/o'.

SMPI 3ou*- &' &-/o' /' -*+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o R/?&l &&/'s- R+so'(+'-s=A+ll++s&y/' -*&- /- 3+ &'-+( su&+ /*-s o /'/' uos+s.

*+ L&'(o4'+s -&v+s+( -*+ Col&/'-, 3y &v+/' -*&- SMPI /s 'o- +'-/-l+( -o -*+ +l/+ (+&'(+( 3+&us+ -*+ os+-/' 4&s &ol/s*+( 4/-*ou- +v/ously s+u/' -*+L&'(o4'+Ks 4/--+' +/ss/o' &s su&+ o4'+s &s +u/+( 3y S+-/o' 2> o -*+ M/'/' A-:Coo'4+&l-* A- No. 18>, &s &+'(+(;

/&l Cou-, /'(/' -*&- -*+ /'+&l l&/s 4++ 'o- lo&-+( /' &o(&'+ 4/-* l&4 (/s/ss+(-*+ ol&/'- &'(, o' -*+ ou'-+l&/, s+'-+'+( SMPI -o &y -o %++u'*o' &'( -*+&'u&-os &-u&l (&&+s /' -*+ su o P50,000.00 +&*, &--o'+yKs ++s o P5,000.00 &'(os-s. *+ A+ll&-+ Cou- 1 &/+( -*&- %+/s/o' 4/-* -*+ sol+ o(//&-/o' -*&- -++&-+ o o(+&-+ (&&+s :'o- &-u&l (&&+s; o P25,000.00 +&* 4++ &4&(+( /'s-+&(.

I' &'o-*+ R+solu-/o' -*+ A+ll&-+ Cou- l/+4/s+ (+'/+(, o 3+/' (+vo/( o l+&l /'-++s-, -*+P+-/-/o' o I'-+v+'-/o' /l+( 3y -*+ R+u3l/ o -*+ P*/l//'+s -*ou* -*+ Sol//-o G+'+&l.

A-+ SMPI +l+v&-+( -*+ &s+ -o -*/s Cou- o +v/+4 o' C+-/o&/, -*+ R+u3l/ +/-+&-+( /-sP+-/-/o' o I'-+v+'-/o', 4*/* 4+ &'-+( /' -*+ R+solu-/o'.

Issue9

FON SMPI /s +'-/-l+( -o su* su&+ /*-s

e"!9

SMPI /s 'o- +'-/-l+( -o s&/( su&+ /*-s &s /- &/l+( -o oly 4/-* -*+ +u/s/-+ o /o 4/--+'+/ss/o' 3y -*+ L&'(o4'+s 3+o+ +'-+/' -*+ /v&-+ l&'( /' u+s-/o'.



S+-/o' 2> o -*+ M/'/' A- +l//-ly ov/(+s)

<S+-/o' 2>. B+o+ +'-+/' /v&-+ l&'(s -*+ os+-o s*&ll /s- &ly /' 4/-/' o 4/--+'+/ss/o' o -*+ /v&-+ o4'+, l&/&'-, o *ol(+ -*++o, &'( /' &s+ o +us&l 3y su*/v&-+ o4'+, l&/&'-, o *ol(+ -o &'- su* +/ss/o', o /' &s+ o (/s&+++'- &s -o -*+&ou'- o o+'s&-/o' -o 3+ &/( o su* /v/l++ o os+-/' -*++/', -*+ &ou'- o su*

o+'s&-/o' s*&ll 3+ /+( 3y &+++'- &o' -*+ os+-o, -*+ %/+-o o -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s &'( -*+ su&+ o4'+, &'( /' &s+ o -*+/ &/lu+ -o u'&'/ously &++ &s -o -*+ &ou'-o o+'s&-/o', &ll u+s-/o's &- /ssu+ s*&ll 3+ (+-+/'+( 3y -*+ Cou- o $/s- I's-&'+ o -*+ov/'+ /' 4*/* s&/( l&'(s &+ s/-u&-+( /' &' &-/o' /'s-/-u-+( o -*+ uos+ 3y -*+os+-o, o */s /'/&l) Pov/(+(, *o4+v+, -*&- -*+ os+-o, o */s /'/&l uo'(+os/-/' 4/-* -*+ ou- -*+ su o's/(++( o/'-ly 3y */ &'( -*+ %/+-o o -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s &'( -*+ ou- -o 3+ Jus- o+'s&-/o' o -*+ (&&+s +sul-/' o su* os+-/',s*&ll 3+ +/--+( -o +'-+ uo', &'( lo&-+ -*+ s&/( l&'( 4/-*ou- su* 4/--+' +/ss/o'+'(/' /'&l &(u(/&-/o' o -*+ &ou'- o su* o+'s&-/o' &'( /' su* &s+ -*+os+-o, o */s /'/&l, s*&ll *&v+ & /o /*- &s &&/'s- -*+ 4ol(, o -*+ (&-+ o */s&l/&-/o'. *+ ou- /' /-s /'&l u(+'-, 3+s/(+s (+-+/'/' -*+ o+so'(/'o+'s&-/o' o -*+ (&&+s 4*/* &y 3+ &us+( 3y -*+ os+-/', s*&ll &+ &

o'ou'++'- &s -o -*+ v&lu+ &'( -*+ +&so'&3l+ +'-&l o -*+ ou&-/o' &'( u-/l/?&-/o'-*++o o /'/' uos+s /' &s+ -*+ os+-o (+/(+s -o lo&-+ &'( +lo/- -*+ /'+&lsou'( -*++/'.<

*+ uos+ o -*+ l&4 /s o3v/ous, 4*/* /s, -o +v+'- -+s&ss o' /v&-+ o+-y. *+/o-&'+ o -*+ 4/--+' +/ss/o' o -*+ o4'+ o /v&-+ l&'( /s &lso &&+'- o -*+ os+s/3+( 3y -*+ Bu+&u o M/'+s o -*+ (+l&&-/o' o lo&-/o' o & /'/' l&/ 4*/* +u/+-*+ lo&-o -o s-&-+ -*&- -*+ l&'(o4'+ *&s &'-+( 4/--+' +/ss/o' o -*+ os+-/' &'(lo&-/o' o -*+ /'/' l&/ / -*+ l&--+ /s lo&-+( o' /v&-+ o+-y.

S+-/o' 2> /s /'&l/&3l+ &s /- '+v+ +'-++( -*+ l&'( o -*+ uos+ o <os+-/'< 3u-&l+&(y o <lo&-/'< & /'/' l&/ /'&su* &s -*+ l/+s-o'+ (+os/-s 4++ o/'+'-ly

+os+( &'( s+&( v/s/3ly &'( +o'/?&3ly o' -*+ su&+ o -*+ l&'( su* -*&- -*++ 4&s 'o'++( o <+'-+/'< -*+ l&'(.K I' /'(/' -*+ s&+ -o 3+ 4/-*ou- +/-, su/+ /- -o s-&-+ -*&-<+'-+/'< *&s -o 3+ ++(+ <os+-/'< <os+-/'< '++ss&/ly ++(+s <(/sov+y< &'( & v&l/( <(/sov+y< /s +ss+'-/&l o -*+ <lo&-/o'< o & /'/' l&/.

<S+-/o' 26 o -*+ M/'/' A- ov/(+s -*&- os+-/' s*&ll 3+ &/+( o' /' &o(&'+ 4/-*-*+ ov/s/o's o -*/s A-.K As &+ll&'-Ks os+-/' 4&s (o'+ /' v/ol&-/o' o -*+ l&4, /- 4&s &'/ll+&l &- &'( -*+ su3s+u+'- lo&-/o' o -*+ /'/' l&/s 4&s &lso /ll+&l &'( 'ull &'( vo/(.$o -*+ M/'/' A- +&(s & v&l/( (/sov+y &s -*&- 4*/* /v+s -*+ os+-o -*+ /*- -olo&-+ & /'/' l&/ :S+-/o's 29 &'( 80;, &'( -*+ v&l/(/-y o & lo&-/o' (++'(s uo'ol/&'+ 4/-* -*+ l&4.

I- /s l+&, o ous+ -*&- -*+ v&l/(/-y o & lo&-/o' (++'(s uo' ol/&'+ 4/-* -*+ s-&-u-+s.*+ l&4 +u/+s -*&- -*+ lo&-o s*&ll &- /' oo( &/-*, &'( /- 4/ll 'o- ou'-+'&'+ & -+s&ss &s-*+ 3&s/s o & /'/' /*-K

SMPIKs su+s-/o' -*&- -*+ ++(y ov/(+( /' S+-/o' 6> o -*+ M/'/' A- 3+ &l/+( -o /- /s&lso u'&+-&3l+. I- /s +v/(+'- -*&- -*+ o+o/' s+&s o l+&s+ o & /'/' l&/ -o 4*/*SMPI 4oul( '+/-*+ 3+ +'-/-l+( o &/lu+ -o oly 4/-* -*+ ov/s/o's o -*+ M/'/' A- &'( -o&o&'y /-s &l/&-/o' o l+&s+ 4/-* & 4/--+' &u-*o/-y o -*+ L&'(o4'+s. I' &-, SMPI l+--*+ s&+ ov/(+( o -*+ s&+ /' /-s &l/&-/o' 3l&'. $o -*+ s&+ +&so's, &u-*o/-y &''o-



3+ &'-+( 3y -*+ Cou-, 'o &' +'-&l 3+ /+(, ol/&'+ 4/-* -*+ -+s o -*/s A- 3+/' &'/'(/s+'s&3l+ ++u/s/-+.

A o'(/-/o' s/'+ u& 'o' /s -*&- -*+ os+-/', +lo&-/o', (/sov+y &'( lo&-/o' us- 3+(o'+ /' &o(&'+ 4/-* -*+ l&4. As /- /s, SMPIKs /*-s -o us+ &'( +lo/- -*+ /'+&l +sou+s(/sov++( &'( lo&-+( '+v+ &-u+( 3+&us+ o /-s o/ss/o' -o oly 4/-* & o'(/-/o'

++(+'-. o &llo4 SMPI /-s l&/ o su&+ /*-s &'( /*- o 4&y 4oul( 3+ -o ou'-+'&'+/ll+&l -+s&ss /'-o /v&-+ o+-y.

FHERE$ORE, 4/-* -*+ sol+ o(//&-/o' &s -o -*+ &4&( o -++&-+ (&&+s, 4*/* &+*++3y +(u+( &s /'(/&-+(, -*+ u(+'- u'(+ +v/+4 /s *++3y &/+( /' &ll o-*+ +s+-s



22.

G.R. No. 1631*1

+ENGE- CORPORA-ION vs. 4EPAR-MEN- O EN/IRONMEN- AN4 NA-RARESORCES)MINES A44ICA-ION +OAR4 a! .G. REA- AN4 MINING

CORPORA-ION

AC-S9

B+'u+- &'( J.G. R+&l-y +'-++( /'-o & Roy&l-y A+++'- 4/-* O-/o' -o Pu*&s+ :RAFOP; ,4*++/' J.G. R+&l-y 4&s &'o4l+(+( &s -*+ o4'+ o ou /'/' l&/s 4/-* & -o-&l &+& o 2@@.@656 *+-&+s. *+ &-/+s &lso ++u-+( & Sul++'-&l A+++'-. *+ /'/' l&/s4++ ov++( 3y M/'+&l Po(u-/o' S*&/' A+++'- :MPSA; Al/&-/o' No. APSA="=0009

o/'-ly /l+( 3y J.G. R+&l-y &s l&/=o4'+ &'( B+'u+- &s o+&-o.

A-+ so+ -/+, -*+ E+u-/v+ "/+=P+s/(+'- o B+'u+-, A'-o'/o N. &*ul/', /ssu+( & l+--+ /'o/' J.G. R+&l-y o /-s /'-+'-/o' -o (+v+lo -*+ /'/' l&/s. Ho4+v+, J.G. R+&l-y, -*ou*

/-s P+s/(+'-, Jo*''y L. &', -*+' s+'- & l+--+ -o -*+ P+s/(+'- o B+'u+- /'o/' -*+ l&--+ -*&- /- 4&s -+/'&-/' -*+ RAFOP. *+ l&--+ &ll++( -*&- +-/-/o'+ v/ol&-+( so+ o -*+ov/s/o's o -*+ RAFOP, s+//&lly o' 'o'=&y+'- o oy&l-/+s &'( 'o'=ul/ll+'- o o3l/&-/o's s-/ul&-+( -*++/'.

J.G. R+&l-y /l+( & P+-/-/o' o %+l&&-/o' o Null/-yC&'+ll&-/o' o -*+ RAFOP. POA /ssu+( &%+/s/o', &'+ll/' -*+ RAFOP &'( /-s Sul++'-&l A+++'-. BENG!E 4&ssu3s+u+'-ly +lu(+( o -*+ o/'- MPSA Al/&-/o' ov+ -*+ /'+&l l&/s. Su3s+u+'-MR 4&s (+'/+(. S&/( (+/s/o' 4&s u*+l( 3y %ENR=MAB.

H+'+ -*/s /'s-&'- +-/-/o'.

ISSE9 F*+-*+ o 'o- -*+ /l/' o -*+ +-/-/o' 4/-* -*+ Su++ Cou- /s o+.

E49

NO. -*+ /'s-&'- +-/-/o' &' 3+ (+'/+( ou-/*- &s B+'u+- +so-+( -o &' /o+ R++(y.

*+ l&s- &&&* o S+-/o' >9 o R+u3l/ A- No. :RA; >972 o -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o 1995 s-&-+s, A +-/-/o' o +v/+4 3y +-/o&/ &'( u+s-/o' o l&4 &y 3+ /l+( 3y -*+&/+v+( &-y 4/-* -*+ Su++ Cou- 4/-*/' -*/-y :80; (&ys o ++/- o -*+ o(+ o (+/s/o' o -*+ MAB.

*+ R+v/s+( Rul+s o C/v/l Po+(u+ /'lu(+( Rul+ 78 -o ov/(+ & u'/o ul+ o' &+&lso u&s/=u(//&l &+'/+s. !'(+ -*+ ul+, &+&ls o -*+/ u(+'-s &'( /'&l o(+s &+'o4 +u/+( -o 3+ 3ou*- -o -*+ CA o' & v+//+( +-/-/o' o +v/+4. A u&s/=u(//&l &+'y o 3o(y *&s 3++' (+/'+( &s &' o&' o ov+'+'-, o-*+ -*&' & ou- o l+/sl&-u+, 4*/*&+-s -*+ /*-s o /v&-+ &-/+s -*ou* +/-*+ &(u(/&-/o' o ul+=&/'. MAB &lls u'(+ -*/s (+/'/-/o' *+'+, /- /s 'o (/++'- o -*+ o-*+ u&s/=u(//&l 3o(/+s +'u+&-+( u'(+ Rul+ 78. B+s/(+s, -*+ /'-o(u-oy 4o(s /' S+-/o' 1 o C/ul& No. 1=91WW&o' -*+s+&+'/+s &+WW/'(/&-+ -*&- -*+ +'u+&-/o' /s 'o- +lus/v+ o o'lus/v+ &'( &'o4l+(+



-*+ +/s-+'+ o o-*+ u&s/=u(//&l &+'/+s 4*/*, -*ou* 'o- ++ssly l/s-+(, s*oul( 3+(+++( /'lu(+( -*++/'.

*+ u(//&l ol/y o o3s+v/' -*+ */+&*y o ou-s (/-&-+s -*&- (/+- +so- o&(/'/s-&-/v+ &+'/+s -o -*/s Cou- 4/ll 'o- 3+ +'-+-&/'+(, u'l+ss -*+ +(+ss (+s/+( &''o-3+ o3-&/'+( o -*+ &o/&-+ lo4+ -/3u'&ls, o u'l+ss ++-/o'&l &'( o+ll/'

/us-&'+s us-/y &v&/l+'- o & ++(y &ll/' 4/-*/' &'( &ll/' o -*+ ++/s+ o ou /&y u/s(/-/o'.

*us B+'u+- s*oul( *&v+ /l+( -*+ &+&l 4/-* -*+ CA.

P+-/-/o'+ *&v/' &/l+( -o o+ly &+&l -o -*+ CA u'(+ Rul+ 78, -*+ (+/s/o' o -*+ MAB *&s3+o+ /'&l &'( ++u-oy. O' -*/s ou'( &lo'+, -*+ /'s-&'- +-/-/o' us- 3+ (+'/+(.



2:.

G.R. No. 13(5:8. 4ee07e$ 22, 2***

MARCOPPER MINING CORPORA-ION vs. A+ER-O G. +MOO et a".,

AC-S9

MARCOPPER MINING CORPORAION +/s-++( /-s /'/' l&/s /' P&o, &s/3u,Nu+v& "/?&y& 4/-* -*+ %ENR o $+3u&y 02,19@2 -o O-o3+ 12, 19@2. P/v&-++so'(+'-s Al3+-o G. Buolo &'( o-*+s +/s-++( -*+/ /'/' l&/s /' -*+ s&+ &+& o2@ July 19@1 -o 22 S+-+3+ 19@@, 4*/* l&/s 4++ su3s+u+'-ly o'v+-+( /'-o M/'+&lPo(u-/o' S*&/' A+++'-s :MPSA;.

O' M&* 12, 19@2 +-/-/o'+ +'-++( /'-o O-/o' A+++'-s ov+ -*+ /'/'. !'(+ -*+ A+++'-s, +-/-/o'+ 4&s &'-+( -*+ +lus/v+ &'( /+vo&3l+ /*- -o +lo+ -*+ /'/'l&/s o -*++ :8; y+&s 4/-* ov/s/o' o +-+'s/o'.

O' %++3+ 28, 19@2 &'( M&* 26, 19@> +-/-/o'+ /l+( Pos+-/' P+/- Al/&-/o's :PPA; 4/-* -*+ Bu+&u o $o+s- %+v+lo+'-, %ENR, o' -*+ &ll++( ou'( -*&- &o-/o' o -*+ &+& ov++( 3y -*+ /'/' l&/s 4&s 4/-*/' -*+ M&&- R/v+ $o+s- R+s+v&-/o'u'(+ Po. 5>8 o Ju'+ 26, 1969 &'( 4/-* %AR o' &ou'- o &ll++( ov+&+ o -*+ o-*+ o-/o' 4/-*/' -*+ Nu+v& "/?&y&=u//'o C/v/l R+s+v&-/o' u'(+ Po. 179@ o 11 S+-+3+ 19>5.

O' 15 July 1991 E+u-/v+ %/+-o L+o'&(o A. P&&- ++-+( +-/-/o'+Ks Pos+-/'P+/- Al/&-/o' :PPA; o' -*+ ou'( -*&- -*+ M+o&'(u o July 0@, 1991 +'(os+( 3y -*+R+/o'&l +*'/&l %/+-o o M/'+s +v+&l+( -*&- -*+ &+& ov++( 4&s ou-s/(+ ov+'+'-+s+v&-/o' -*&- -*+ os+- l&/ 4&s /' o'l/- 4/-* +/s-/' l&/s &'(, -*&- -*+ &+& *&(3++' +-+'s/v+ly +lo+( /' -*+ +&ly 19@0Ds.

P+-/-/o'+ ov+( o +o's/(+&-/o'. R+/o'&l E+u-/v+ %/+-o S&u+l P&&&s+o+'(+( -o -*+ %ENR S++-&y -*&- +-/-/o'+Ds +u+s- o +o's/(+&-/o' 3+ (+'/+(-*&- -*+ +/s-/' /*-s o /'/' l&/ *ol(+s 3+ +s+-+( &'(, -*&- -*+ /o l+&l /*-so MPSA$/'&'/&l &'( +*'/&l Ass/s-&'+ A+++'- &l/&'-s ov+ su3+- &+& 3++o'/?+(.

As +&(s +-/-/o'+Ds PPA /l+( 4/-* -*+ %AR, /- &+&+( -*&- /- 4&s /ssu+( & l+&&'+-o os+- o s/ :6; o'-*s o %++3+ 11, 1995.

O' Auus- 15, 199> +-/-/o'+ &+&l+( -o u3l/ +so'(+'- M/'+s A(u(/&-/o' Bo&(:MAB;. P+-/-/o'+ &/'-&/'+( -*&- su3+- &+& 4&s 4/-*/' -*+ M&&- R/v+ $o+s- R+s+v&-/o'.

O' Ju'+ 11, 199@ -*+ ++-/o' o -*+ PPA 4&s &/+( 4*++&s -*+ /'/' l&/s o +so'(+'-s Al3+-o G. Buolo +- &l. -*&- *&( 3++' o'v+-+( /'-o & MPSA, su3+- -ool/&'+ 4/-* R.A. >972 &'( %AO No. 96=70, 4++ /v+' (u+ ous+.

P+-/-/o'+ ov+( o +o's/(+&-/o'. R+so'(+'- MAB (+'/+( +-/-/o'+Ks o-/o' .



ISSE9

F*+-*+ +so'(+'- MAB ++( /' /'(/' -*&- -*+ &+& su3+- o -*+ PPA 4&s ou-s/(+-*+ M&&- R/v+ $o+s- R+s+v&-/o'.

E49

R+so'(+'- MAB o+-ly u*+l( -*+ &-/o/'&-/o' o R+/o'&l E+u-/v+ %/+-o P&&&s /' (+'y/' +-/-/o'+Ds PPA.

*+ (/s&ov&l o M&o+Ks PPA o+ov+, (/( 'o- +&'&-+ o & s/'l++o+'(&-/o' o -*+ R% o M/'+s. R+o(s 4oul( s*o4 -*&- &s +&ly &s M&y 81, 19@9 -*+ Buolo ou o P% 768 l&/s 4*/* M&o+ *&s +v+'-u&lly suou'(+( 3y /l/' /-so4' PAO 1=80 ou o l&/s 4&s o'/+( 3y -*+ $o+s- E'/'++/' S+-/o' o -*++/o' -o 3+ ou-s/(+ ol&/+( 4&-+s*+( &+&s, 4/l(+'+ss, '&-/o'&l &s &'( +/s-/'ov+'+'- +o+s-&-/o' o+-s

I' o-*+ 4o(s, -*+ /us-&'+ -*&- -*+ &+& ov++( 3y +-/-/o'+Ds PPA /s ou-s/(+ -*+

M&&- R/v+ $o+s- R+s+v&-/o' *&s 3++' &(+u&-+ly +s-&3l/s*+( 3y -*+ ollo4/' +v/(+'+) :&;o'/&-/o' &s +&ly &s 81 M&y 19@9 3y -*+ $o+s- E'/'++/' S+-/o' o uu+&&o,C&&y&' :3; -*+ @ July 1991 M+o&'(u R+o- o R+/o'&l +*'/&l %/+-o Pu's&l J.&'(, :; lo--/' ov/(+( 3y -*+ N&-/o'&l M&/' &'( R+sou+s I'o&-/o' Au-*o/-y + /-s 2Ju'+ 1995 /'(os++'- o -*+ &s -o -*+ o/+ o -*+ R+/o'&l E+u-/v+ %/+-o. P+-/-/o'+ o'-+s-s -*+ +lus/o' o -*+ &+& su3+- o /-s PPA 4/-*/' -*+ M&&- R/v+ $o+s- R+s+v&-/o'3&s+( ++ly o' -*+ &ll++( <-yo&*/&l +o o/--+( 3y so+3o(y /' -*+ E'/'++/'S+-/o' o -*+ %ENR.< As/(+ o -*+ &- -*&- -*+ &ll+&-/o' (o+s 'o- *&v+ &'y-*/' -o suo-/-, -*+ &o++'-/o'+( (ou+'-s 4*/* -*+ R+/o'&l E+u-/v+ %/+-os +l/+( uo' /' (+'y/'-*+ PPA *&( &l+&(y s+--l+( -*+ /ssu+.

$u-*+o+, +so'(+'- MAB +v+' o-//+( -*+ 3&s+s o -*+ ++-/o' o +-/-/o'+Ds

PPA. As lo--+( 3y -*+ L&'(s M&'&++'- S+-o o %ENR R+/o' 2 o'-&/'+( /' -*+ s+-*l&' o 11 Nov+3+ 1996 &'( &s s*o4' /' -*+ L&'( !s+ & o -*+ Cou'/-y E'v/o'+'-&'( N&-u&l R+sou+s O/+ o %u&, Nu+v& "/?&y&, -*+ &+& ov++( u'(+ -*+ PPA /s/'(++( ou-s/(+ &'y ov+'+'- +s+v&-/o'.



25.

G.R. No. 1(558* A%$i" 21, 2*1:NARRA NIC;E MINING AN4 4E/EOPMEN- CORP., -ESORO MINING AN44E/EOPMEN-, INC., a! MCAR-R MINING, INC., Petitioe$s, vs.RE4MON-CONSOI4A-E4 MINES CORP., Res%o!et.

AC-S9

So+-/+ /' %++3+ 2006, +so'(+'- R+(o'- Co'sol/(&-+( M/'+s Co. :R+(o'-;, &(o+s-/ oo&-/o' o&'/?+( &'( +/s-/' u'(+ P*/l//'+ l&4s, -oo /'-++s- /' /'/' &'(+lo/' +-&/' &+&s o -*+ ov/'+ o P&l&4&'. A-+ /'u//' 4/-* -*+ %+&-+'- o E'v/o'+'- &'( N&-u&l R+sou+s :%ENR;, /- l+&'+( -*&- -*+ &+&s 4*++ /- 4&'-+( -ou'(+-&+ +lo&-/o' &'( /'/' &-/v/-/+s 4*++ &l+&(y ov++( 3y M/'+&l Po(u-/o'S*&/' A+++'- :MPSA; &l/&-/o's o +-/-/o'+s N&&, +soo &'( MA-*u.

P+-/-/o'+ MA-*u N&& &'( +soo, /l+( &' &l/&-/o' o &' MPSA &'( Elo&-/o' P+/-:EP; 4*/* 4&s su3s+u+'-ly /ssu+(.

O' J&'u&y 2, 200>, R+(o'- /l+( 3+o+ -*+ P&'+l o A3/-&-os :POA; o -*+ %ENR -*++ :8;s+&&-+ +-/-/o's o -*+ (+'/&l o +-/-/o'+sK &l/&-/o's o MPSA.

R+(o'- &ll++( -*&- &- l+&s- 60 o -*+ &/-&l s-o o MA-*u, +soo &'( N&& &+ o4'+(&'( o'-oll+( 3y MBMI R+sou+s, I'. :MBMI;, & 100 C&'&(/&' oo&-/o'. R+(o'-+&so'+( -*&- s/'+ MBMI /s & o's/(+&3l+ s-o*ol(+ o +-/-/o'+s, /- 4&s -*+ (/v/' o+3+*/'( +-/-/o'+sK /l/' o -*+ MPSAs ov+ -*+ &+&s ov++( 3y &l/&-/o's s/'+ /- 'o4s-*&- /- &' o'ly &-//&-+ /' /'/' &-/v/-/+s -*ou* oo&-/o's 4*/* &+ (+++( $/l//'o/-/?+'s. R+(o'- &u+( -*&- /v+' -*&- +-/-/o'+sK &/-&l s-os 4++ os-ly o4'+( 3yMBMI, -*+y 4++ l/+4/s+ (/su&l//+( o +'&/' /' /'/' &-/v/-/+s -*ou* MPSAs, 4*/*&+ +s+v+( o'ly o $/l//'o /-/?+'s.

P+-/-/o'+s &v++( -*&- -*+y 4++ u&l//+( +so's u'(+ S+-/o' 8:&; o R+u3l/ A- No.:RA; >972 o -*+ P*/l//'+ M/'/' A- o 1995. *+y s-&-+( -*&- -*+/ '&-/o'&l/-y &s &l/&'-s /s/&-+/&l 3+&us+ -*+y &lso &l/+( o $/'&'/&l o +*'/&l Ass/s-&'+ A+++'-s :$AA;(+'o/'&-+( &s A$A=I"B=09 o MA-*u, A$A=I"B=0@ o +soo &'( A$A=I"B=0> o N&&, 4*/* &+ &'-+( -o o+/'=o4'+( oo&-/o's. N+v+-*+l+ss, -*+y l&/+( -*&- -*+/ssu+ o' '&-/o'&l/-y s*oul( 'o- 3+ &/s+( s/'+ MA-*u, +soo &'( N&& &+ /' &- P*/l//'+N&-/o'&ls &s 60 o -*+/ &/-&l /s o4'+( 3y /-/?+'s o -*+ P*/l//'+s.

O' %++3+ 17, 200>, -*+ POA /ssu+( & R+solu-/o' (/su&l/y/' +-/-/o'+s o &/'/'MPSAs. *+ POA o's/(++( +-/-/o'+s &s o+/' oo&-/o's 3+/' <++-/v+ly o'-oll+(< 3yMBMI, & 100 C&'&(/&' o&'y &'( (+l&+( -*+/ MPSAs 'ull &'( vo/(.

P+'(/' -*+ +solu-/o' o -*+ &+&l /l+( 3y +-/-/o'+s 4/-* -*+ MAB, R+(o'- /l+( &Col&/'- 4/-* -*+ S+u/-/+s &'( E*&'+ Co/ss/o' :SEC;, s++/' -*+ +vo&-/o' o -*++-//&-+s o +/s-&-/o' o +-/-/o'+s o' -*+ ou'( -*&- -*+y &+ o+/'=o4'+( o o'-oll+(oo&-/o's +'&+( /' /'/' /' v/ol&-/o' o P*/l//'+ l&4s.

CA ou'( -*&- -*++ 4&s (ou3- &s -o -*+ '&-/o'&l/-y o +-/-/o'+s 4*+' /- +&l/?+( -*&- +-/-/o'+s*&( & oo' &o /'v+s-o, MBMI, & oo&-/o' oos+( o 100 C&'&(/&'s. Pusu&'- -o-*+ /s- s+'-+'+ o &&&* > o %+&-+'- o Jus-/+ :%OJ; O/'/o' No. 020, S+/+s o



2005, &(o-/' -*+ 196> SEC Rul+s 4*/* /l++'-+( -*+ +u/++'- o -*+ Co's-/-u-/o' &'(o-*+ l&4s +-&/'/' -o -*+ +lo/-&-/o' o '&-u&l +sou+s, -*+ CA us+( -*+ <&'(&-*+ ul+<-o (+-+/'+ -*+ '&-/o'&l/-y o +-/-/o'+s.

I' (+-+/'/' -*+ '&-/o'&l/-y o +-/-/o'+s, -*+ CA loo+( /'-o -*+/ oo&-+ s-u-u+s &'(-*+/ o+so'(/' oo' s*&+*ol(+s. !s/' -*+ &'(&-*+ ul+, -*+ CA (/sov++( -*&-

MBMI /' ++- o4'+( &o/-y o -*+ oo' s-os o -*+ +-/-/o'+s &s 4+ll &s &- l+&s- 60+u/-y /'-++s- o o-*+ &o/-y s*&+*ol(+s o +-/-/o'+s -*ou* o/'- v+'-u+ &+++'-s.*+ CA ou'( -*&- -*ou* & <4+3 o oo&-+ l&y+/', /- /s l+& -*&- o'+ oo' o'-oll/'/'v+s-o /' &ll /'/' oo&-/o's /'volv+( /s MBMI.< *us, /- o'lu(+( -*&- +-/-/o'+sMA-*u, +soo &'( N&& &+ &lso /' &-'+s*/ 4/-*, o /v/+s=/'=/'-++s- o, MBMI.

ISSE9

F*+-*+ o 'o- -*+ Cou- o A+&lsK ul/' -*&- N&&, +soo &'( MA-*u &+ o+/'oo&-/o's 3&s+( o' -*+ <G&'(&-*+ Rul+< /s o'-&y -o l&4, &-/ul&ly -*+ ++ss&'(&-+ o -*+ $o+/' I'v+s-+'-s A- o 1991, &s &+'(+(, &'( -*+ $IA Rul+s.

E49

No. *++ &+ -4o &'o4l+(+( -+s-s /' (+-+/'/' -*+ '&-/o'&l/-y o & oo&-/o') -*+ o'-ol-+s- &'( -*+ &'(&-*+ ul+. P&&&* > o %OJ O/'/o' No. 020, S+/+s o 2005, &(o-/'-*+ 196> SEC Rul+s 4*/* /l++'-+( -*+ +u/++'- o -*+ Co's-/-u-/o' &'( o-*+ l&4s+-&/'/' -o -*+ o'-oll/' /'-++s-s /' +'-+/s+s +'&+( /' -*+ +lo/-&-/o' o '&-u&l+sou+s o4'+( 3y $/l//'o /-/?+'s, ov/(+s)

S*&+s 3+lo'/' -o oo&-/o's o &-'+s*/s &- l+&s- 60 o -*+ &/-&l o 4*/* /s o4'+(3y $/l//'o /-/?+'s s*&ll 3+ o's/(++( &s o P*/l//'+ '&-/o'&l/-y :CONROL ES;, 3u- / -*+++'-&+ o $/l//'o o4'+s*/ /' -*+ oo&-/o' o &-'+s*/ /s l+ss -*&' 60, o'ly -*+'u3+ o s*&+s o+so'(/' -o su* ++'-&+ s*&ll 3+ ou'-+( &s o P*/l//'+

'&-/o'&l/-y :GRAN%$AHER R!LE;. *us, / 100,000 s*&+s &+ +/s-++( /' -*+ '&+ o &oo&-/o' o &-'+s*/ &- l+&s- 60 o -*+ &/-&l s-o o &/-&l, +s+-/v+ly, o 4*/*3+lo' -o $/l//'o /-/?+'s, &ll o -*+ s*&+s s*&ll 3+ +o(+( &s o4'+( 3y $/l//'os. Bu- / l+ss-*&' 60, o s&y, 50 o -*+ &/-&l s-o o &/-&l o -*+ oo&-/o' o &-'+s*/,+s+-/v+ly, 3+lo's -o $/l//'o /-/?+'s, o'ly 50,000 s*&+s s*&ll 3+ ou'-+( &s o4'+( 3y$/l//'os &'( -*+ o-*+ 50,000 s*&ll 3+ +o(+( &s 3+lo'/' -o &l/+'s.

*+ &'(&-*+ ul+, +-/-/o'+s +&so'+(, *&s 'o l+ -o s-&'( o' /' -*+ /'s-&'- &s+ s/'+ -*+(+/'/-/o' o & <P*/l//'+ N&-/o'&l< u'(+ S+. 8 o -*+ $IA (o+s 'o- ov/(+ o /-. *+y u-*+ l&/ -*&- -*+ &'(&-*+ ul+ <*&s 3++' &3&'(o'+( &'( /s 'o lo'+ -*+ &l/&3l+ ul+.< *+y&lso o/'+( -*&- -*+ l&s- o-/o' o S+. 8 o -*+ $IA &(/-s -*+ &l/&-/o' o & <oo&-+l&y+/'< s*++ o oo&-/o's. P+-/-/o'+s l&/ -*&- -*+ l+& &'( u'&3/uous 4o(/'s o

-*+ s-&-u-+ +lu(+ -*+ ou- o o's-u/' /- &'( +v+'- -*+ ou-Ks us+ o (/s+-/o' /'&ly/' -*+ l&4. *+y s&/( -*&- -*+ l&/', l/-+&l +&'/' o -*+ s-&-u-+ +&'- -*+ &l/&-/o' o -*+ o'-ol -+s- /s o3l/&-oy.

SC (/s&++(. <Coo&-+ l&y+/'< /s &(/--+(ly &llo4+( 3y -*+ $IA 3u- / /- /s us+( -o/uv+'- -*+ Co's-/-u-/o' &'( +-/'+'- l&4s, -*+' /- 3+o+s /ll+&l. $u-*+, -*+o'ou'++'- o +-/-/o'+s -*&- -*+ &'(&-*+ ul+ *&s &l+&(y 3++' &3&'(o'+( us- 3+(/s+(/-+( o l& o 3&s/s.



P+-/-/o'+s MA-*u, +soo &'( N&& &+ 'o- $/l//'o s/'+ MBMI, & 100 C&'&(/&'oo&-/o', o4's 60 o o+ o -*+/ +u/-y /'-++s-s. Su* o'lus/o' /s (+/v+( o&'(&-*+/' +-/-/o'+sK oo&-+ o4'+s, '&+ly) MMI, SMMI &'( PLM%C. *+ <o'-ol-+s-< /s s-/ll -*+ +v&/l/' o(+ o (+-+/'/' 4*+-*+ o 'o- & oo&-/o' /s & $/l//'ooo&-/o', 4/-*/' -*+ &3/- o S+. 2, A-. II o -*+ 19@> Co's-/-u-/o', +'-/-l+( -o u'(+-&+ -*++lo&-/o', (+v+lo+'- &'( u-/l/?&-/o' o -*+ '&-u&l +sou+s o -*+ P*/l//'+s. F*+' /' -*+

/'( o -*+ Cou- -*++ /s (ou3-, 3&s+( o' -*+ &--+'(&'- &-s &'( /us-&'+s o -*+ &s+, /'-*+ 60=70 $/l//'o=+u/-y o4'+s*/ /' -*+ oo&-/o', -*+' /- &y &ly -*+ <&'(&-*+ ul+.<

envi case digests 3

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