GS/World History, December 11Entry Task: Please take out your study guide and timelines! FYI - you will turn the timelines in with your test on Wed.

Announcements:

- I have ppt presentations (only a few)- Don’t forget - test on WED!!!

“Let us admit the truth: the arts and philosophy extend to only the few; the vast mass, the common people and the bulk of the nobility, remain what nature has made them, that is to say savage beasts.”

-- Frederick the Great to Voltaire

Catherine“the Great”1762-1796

Russia

Assassination?

Catherine’s husband, Peter III, died less than a year after taking the throne – likely by assassination.

And I helped!

Pugachev’s Rebellion

1773-1775

Uprising of peasants & Cossacks on the Russian frontier

Catherine was too dependent on the support of the nobility to make serious modernizing reforms (e.g., serfdom).

GS/World History, December 14Entry Task: Please take out your study guide.

Announcements:- Gone on Friday?- I have ppt presentations printed out (only a

few)- Don’t forget - test on WED!!!- 6th period - Student-Faculty BB Game

How she was enlightened:- Correspondence with

Voltaire- Diderot’s library

- Encouraged her court to be an enlightened

“salon” - Economic Reforms

How she was a DESPOT:- Crushed Pugachev’s Rebellion

- Serfs’ conditions did not improve

- Nobles lost touch with the people, who lived in poverty- There was no opposition to

her rule- Partition of Poland

NOW TO ENGLAND...Elizabeth I died childless

- closest heir was James Stuart of Scotland (James I)

Do you remember the… Magna Carta (1215)

The Holy Grail of English Constitutionalism

“Great Charter”

King John Signs the Magna Carta

What is the general mood?

A CONTRACT

Photo by One lucky guy

Between the people and their

rulerPhoto by One lucky guy

Taxation by CONSENT

Can I tax you?

Can I tax you?

NO!!!NO!!!

James I Charles I

STUART ABSOLUTISM

Charles II James II

RESTORATION

COMMONWEALTH/

INTERREGNUM

CROMWELL

J I C I C II J II

The Stuarts Kings of England & Scotland (1603-1688)

Central Issues1. Enforcement of State Religion

2. King’s Power to Tax3. WHO is Sovereign?

STUART ABSOLUTISM

“The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth…” -

James ICritic: “wisest fool in

Christendom”

James I& James VI of Scotland

The King James Bible (1611)

“Authorized” Version

People must read the King’s Bible.

Some rights reserved by ejmc

Jamestown Colony

Virginia CompanyPrivate Investment

Gunpowder Plot 1605Guy Fawkes - Nov 5 - Catholic Plot discovered

CALVINISTSPuritans Separatists

PURIFY SEPARATE

ANGLICANS

Church of England

SATISFIED

English Protestants

Charles I

MORE ABSOLUTISM

Ship Money

Charles used a tax that already existed for coastal cities and applied it to everyone.

Petition of Right (1628)

A declaration of rights passed by Parliament in response to Charles’ abuses of power

CAVALIERS ROUNDHEADS

English Civil War 1642–1651

Supporters of the King

Supporters of Long Parliament

1649• Charles I beheaded

• END of Stuart Absolutism

English Civil War

The Day the World Turned Upside DownCharles I beheaded:

1st monarch of England to be put on trial for treason and

executed!

INTERREGNUM

Oliver Cromwell “Lord Protector”

by 1657 officially given powers of a KING

Military DictatorshipStrict Puritanical Rule

“Between Kings”

Cromwell

1649–1660

Puritans Control

Parliament

Protestant Toleration

of the Anglican ChurchDe-Catholicising

Cromwell also said NO TO:

- Dancing- Drinking- Gambling- Theatre (already banned)- Makeup- Doing anything on Sundays- Bear baiting

ChristmasCromwell’s Parliament passed laws to restrict traditional celebrations of Christmas, which featured twelve days of feasting, drinking, and idleness.

Cromwell and the 11 Major Generals were hated:

- Used terror to “tame” the Irish

- Dismissed Parliament- Increased the Army

(Model Army) & Navy (defeated the Dutch and captured Jamaica)

James I Charles ISTUART ABSOLUTISM

Charles II James IIRESTORATION

INTERREGNUM

CROMWELL

J I C I C II J II

The Stuarts Kings of England & Scotland (1603-1688)

CHARLES II

RETURN FROM EXILE

Charles sailed from his exile in the Netherlands to his restoration in England in May 1660.

1660

Charles II

The Merry Monarch

DECLARATION OF INDULGENCENON-ENFORCEMENT

of laws against Catholics and non-conformists

CATHOLIC RESURGENCE

Religion in Stuart EnglandJames I & Charles I

Interregnum (Protectorate)

Charles II

James II

Religious Uniformity (Church of England)

Protestant Toleration

Established Church with Legal Privileges

Christian Toleration in Private Life

Legal Preference for Catholics

NO RELIGIOUS TEST shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.

ROYAL ALLOWANCE

Parliament pays the monarch a fixed amount each year in lieu of land taxes.

BFFs

Secret Treaty of Dover

DOUBLE team the

DUTCHCharles would get money from Louis in return for joining his wars against the Dutch.

Charles II died without legitimate issue, although he acknowledged at least a dozen illegitimate children by several different women.

JAMES II

Charles II’s Brother

Can a Catholic monarch rule a Protestant nation?

Exclusion?

Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper1st Earl of Shaftesbury

TORIES WHIGS

Favored the succession of James to the English throne

Wanted to exclude James from the succession

MONMOUTH REBELLION (1685)

BLOODY ASSIZES

Over 1,o00 executed or deported (to the West Indies)

for treasonThe “Hanging Judge” Jeffreys

HANGEDDRAWN &QUARTERED

Over 200 were

GRIEVANCES• Cruel & Unusual

Punishments

• Suspended Laws Passed by Parliament (Test Acts)

• Intimidated Bishops

• Invoked Divine Right

•

James II

Mary Stuart

WANTEDA monarch who will sit down,

shut up, and let Parliament take care of governing.

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

Run off by Parliament

Throne VACANT

[Very Little] Bloodshed

(1688)

NOT Bloodless

Thousands were killed in a Civil War in Ireland and several uprisings followed in Scotland.

JOINT MONARCHSWilliam III & Mary II

ANGLO-DUTCH ALLIANCE

Against Louis XIV

BALANCE OF POWER

ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS

William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights, agreeing to a limitation of their powers and acknowledging the lawmaking authority of Parliament.

1689

STATEMENT OF GRIEVANCES• PAPIST

• Taxation without consent

• Standing army in a time of peace

• Allowed papists to be armed and disarmed Protestants (a.k.a., “Good Citizens”)

• Partial, corrupt, and unqualified jurors

• Excessive fines and bails

• Meddled in Parliamentary Elections

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS

•Free elections of Parliament•Frequent Parliaments•Protestants get to have “arms for their defense… suitable to their conditions as allowed by law” (NOTE: NOT Absolute)

•Right to Petition•Qualified jurors

INFLUENCE•Cruel & unusual punishments•Excessive fines & bails•Right to bear arms•Quartering troops•Freedom of Speech•Fair Jury Trial

on the U.S. Bill of Rights

PARLIAMENTARY SUPREMACY

>

SOVEREIGNTY