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GS/World History, December 11Entry Task: Please take out your study guide and timelines! FYI - you will turn the timelines in with your test on Wed.
Announcements:
- I have ppt presentations (only a few)- Don’t forget - test on WED!!!
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“Let us admit the truth: the arts and philosophy extend to only the few; the vast mass, the common people and the bulk of the nobility, remain what nature has made them, that is to say savage beasts.”
-- Frederick the Great to Voltaire
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Catherine“the Great”1762-1796
Russia
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Assassination?
Catherine’s husband, Peter III, died less than a year after taking the throne – likely by assassination.
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And I helped!
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Pugachev’s Rebellion
1773-1775
Uprising of peasants & Cossacks on the Russian frontier
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Catherine was too dependent on the support of the nobility to make serious modernizing reforms (e.g., serfdom).
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GS/World History, December 14Entry Task: Please take out your study guide.
Announcements:- Gone on Friday?- I have ppt presentations printed out (only a
few)- Don’t forget - test on WED!!!- 6th period - Student-Faculty BB Game
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How she was enlightened:- Correspondence with
Voltaire- Diderot’s library
- Encouraged her court to be an enlightened
“salon” - Economic Reforms
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How she was a DESPOT:- Crushed Pugachev’s Rebellion
- Serfs’ conditions did not improve
- Nobles lost touch with the people, who lived in poverty- There was no opposition to
her rule- Partition of Poland
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NOW TO ENGLAND...Elizabeth I died childless
- closest heir was James Stuart of Scotland (James I)
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Do you remember the… Magna Carta (1215)
The Holy Grail of English Constitutionalism
“Great Charter”
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King John Signs the Magna Carta
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What is the general mood?
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A CONTRACT
Photo by One lucky guy
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Between the people and their
rulerPhoto by One lucky guy
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Taxation by CONSENT
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Can I tax you?
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Can I tax you?
NO!!!NO!!!
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James I Charles I
STUART ABSOLUTISM
Charles II James II
RESTORATION
COMMONWEALTH/
INTERREGNUM
CROMWELL
J I C I C II J II
The Stuarts Kings of England & Scotland (1603-1688)
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Central Issues1. Enforcement of State Religion
2. King’s Power to Tax3. WHO is Sovereign?
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STUART ABSOLUTISM
“The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth…” -
James ICritic: “wisest fool in
Christendom”
James I& James VI of Scotland
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The King James Bible (1611)
“Authorized” Version
People must read the King’s Bible.
Some rights reserved by ejmc
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Jamestown Colony
Virginia CompanyPrivate Investment
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Gunpowder Plot 1605Guy Fawkes - Nov 5 - Catholic Plot discovered
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CALVINISTSPuritans Separatists
PURIFY SEPARATE
ANGLICANS
Church of England
SATISFIED
English Protestants
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Charles I
MORE ABSOLUTISM
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Ship Money
Charles used a tax that already existed for coastal cities and applied it to everyone.
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Petition of Right (1628)
A declaration of rights passed by Parliament in response to Charles’ abuses of power
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CAVALIERS ROUNDHEADS
English Civil War 1642–1651
Supporters of the King
Supporters of Long Parliament
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1649• Charles I beheaded
• END of Stuart Absolutism
English Civil War
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The Day the World Turned Upside DownCharles I beheaded:
1st monarch of England to be put on trial for treason and
executed!
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INTERREGNUM
Oliver Cromwell “Lord Protector”
by 1657 officially given powers of a KING
Military DictatorshipStrict Puritanical Rule
“Between Kings”
Cromwell
1649–1660
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Puritans Control
Parliament
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Protestant Toleration
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of the Anglican ChurchDe-Catholicising
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Cromwell also said NO TO:
- Dancing- Drinking- Gambling- Theatre (already banned)- Makeup- Doing anything on Sundays- Bear baiting
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ChristmasCromwell’s Parliament passed laws to restrict traditional celebrations of Christmas, which featured twelve days of feasting, drinking, and idleness.
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Cromwell and the 11 Major Generals were hated:
- Used terror to “tame” the Irish
- Dismissed Parliament- Increased the Army
(Model Army) & Navy (defeated the Dutch and captured Jamaica)
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James I Charles ISTUART ABSOLUTISM
Charles II James IIRESTORATION
INTERREGNUM
CROMWELL
J I C I C II J II
The Stuarts Kings of England & Scotland (1603-1688)
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CHARLES II
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RETURN FROM EXILE
Charles sailed from his exile in the Netherlands to his restoration in England in May 1660.
1660
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Charles II
The Merry Monarch
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DECLARATION OF INDULGENCENON-ENFORCEMENT
of laws against Catholics and non-conformists
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CATHOLIC RESURGENCE
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Religion in Stuart EnglandJames I & Charles I
Interregnum (Protectorate)
Charles II
James II
Religious Uniformity (Church of England)
Protestant Toleration
Established Church with Legal Privileges
Christian Toleration in Private Life
Legal Preference for Catholics
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NO RELIGIOUS TEST shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.
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ROYAL ALLOWANCE
Parliament pays the monarch a fixed amount each year in lieu of land taxes.
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BFFs
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Secret Treaty of Dover
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DOUBLE team the
DUTCHCharles would get money from Louis in return for joining his wars against the Dutch.
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Charles II died without legitimate issue, although he acknowledged at least a dozen illegitimate children by several different women.
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JAMES II
Charles II’s Brother
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Can a Catholic monarch rule a Protestant nation?
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Exclusion?
Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper1st Earl of Shaftesbury
TORIES WHIGS
Favored the succession of James to the English throne
Wanted to exclude James from the succession
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MONMOUTH REBELLION (1685)
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BLOODY ASSIZES
Over 1,o00 executed or deported (to the West Indies)
for treasonThe “Hanging Judge” Jeffreys
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HANGEDDRAWN &QUARTERED
Over 200 were
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GRIEVANCES• Cruel & Unusual
Punishments
• Suspended Laws Passed by Parliament (Test Acts)
• Intimidated Bishops
• Invoked Divine Right
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•
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James II
Mary Stuart
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WANTEDA monarch who will sit down,
shut up, and let Parliament take care of governing.
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GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
Run off by Parliament
Throne VACANT
[Very Little] Bloodshed
(1688)
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NOT Bloodless
Thousands were killed in a Civil War in Ireland and several uprisings followed in Scotland.
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JOINT MONARCHSWilliam III & Mary II
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ANGLO-DUTCH ALLIANCE
Against Louis XIV
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BALANCE OF POWER
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ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS
William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights, agreeing to a limitation of their powers and acknowledging the lawmaking authority of Parliament.
1689
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STATEMENT OF GRIEVANCES• PAPIST
• Taxation without consent
• Standing army in a time of peace
• Allowed papists to be armed and disarmed Protestants (a.k.a., “Good Citizens”)
• Partial, corrupt, and unqualified jurors
• Excessive fines and bails
• Meddled in Parliamentary Elections
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DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
•Free elections of Parliament•Frequent Parliaments•Protestants get to have “arms for their defense… suitable to their conditions as allowed by law” (NOTE: NOT Absolute)
•Right to Petition•Qualified jurors
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INFLUENCE•Cruel & unusual punishments•Excessive fines & bails•Right to bear arms•Quartering troops•Freedom of Speech•Fair Jury Trial
on the U.S. Bill of Rights
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PARLIAMENTARY SUPREMACY
>
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SOVEREIGNTY