Entertainment and the Arts

• Entertainment and the arts started in the 1920

• First major film with sound was called The Jazz Singer– Was an American

musical film that started the decline of the silent film era.

Other notables in the arts

• George Gershwin- American composer and pianist

• Georgia O’Keeffe- American artist

Writers of the 1920s

• The 1920s changed the face of modern writing• Writers were looking for freedom of thought

and action• The 20s brought out insightful writing, making

it one of the richest eras in the country’s literary history.

Names of writers

• Sinclair Lewis- 1st American to win Nobel prize for literature. (The Babbitt)

• F. Scott Fitzgerald- American of novels and short stories. (The Great Gatsby)

• Ernest Hemingway- wrote about the horrors of WW1 (A Farewell to Arms)

SINCLAIR LEWIS

SCOTT FITZGERALD

ERNEST HEMINGWAY

A Superficial ProsperityKira Gatling-Colon

A Superficial Prosperity

During the 1920’s, most Americans believed prosperity would go on forever.

Producing great quantities of goods As productivity increased, businesses

expanded. As businesses grew, so did the income

gap between workers and managers.

Credit & Installment PlansBuying goods on credit

Credit was used to lure consumers to purchase more goods

Installment plan - a system that lets customers make partial payments (installments) at set intervals of time until the total debt is paid. (Similar to layaway)

Installment Plans (cont.)

Some economists and business owners worried that installment buying might be getting out of hand and that is was a sign of a weak economy and “superficial economy”. Worried people would be dependent on

installments

Fear of Communism• Communism is a socialist movement to create a classless, moneyless, and stateless social

order structured upon common ownership of the means of production, as well as a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of this social order.– It also means that the government owned all land and property, a single political party

controlled the government, individuals had no rights that the government had no rights that the government had to respect, and the government vowed to stir up revolutions in other countries and spread communism throughout the world.

The Red Scare• The Red Scare was called this because the Communist Party was openly hostile to

American beliefs and values, which spread an intense fear of communism and other extreme ideas.

The Palmer Raid• The Palmer Raid, lead by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, targeted and hunted

down suspected communists, socialists, and anarchists.– Anarchists were people who advocate stateless societies based on voluntary

associations.• There were two results of this raid, nether of which were good:

1. Thousands of people were jailed, with many being innocent or never convicted of any crime.

2. More than 500 immigrants were deported , or sent back to their homelands.

Their Leader, Alexander Mitchell

Palmer

P H I L L I P S A N T E R I A N A N D C H O I B Y O U N G W O O O O

Scandal Hits Harding’s Adminis-tration

Good Bad

Charles E. Hughes, 1921 Secre-tary of State

Herber Hoover, 1921 Secretary of Com

Andrew W. Mellon, 1921 Sec-retary of Treasury

Ohio Gang-A group of politi-cians who achieved high office during the presidential adminis-tration of Warren G. Harding

They betrayed their public trust through a number of scandals.

Leader of the Ohio Gang was Harry M. Daugherty

President Warren G. Harding (29th) He and his advisers played massive amount of poker.

Harding’s Cabinet

Scandal Plagues Harding

At the start of 1923, the economy was bouncing back from wartime disruptions, and the president enjoyed strong popularity.

In months before his death, major corruption scandals in Harding’s administration were coming to light.No evidence that the President was involved in the scandals.Harding became terribly disturbed when he heard of

the scandal, and the strain may have contributed to his death, from heart problems, on August 2, 1923.

Teapot Dome Scandal

In 1921 and 1922, Harding’s Secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall, secretly gave oil drilling rights on government oil fields in Elk Hills, California and Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to two private oil companies.

Albert B. Fall

The Impact of the Automobile

• From 1892 – 1920 there were about 8 million cars on the roads

• In the next 10 years, that number rose by over 15 million.

• Henry Ford had the most successful car business at the time

• His goal was to “democratize the automobile,” making cars that everyday people could afford

• He established assembly lines to produce cars quicker

Changes for PeopleHouse styles changed

- People now needed garages and driveways for their cars

Allowed people to move around more easily

Allowed people to go on more vacations and get jobs farther away from home

Paved roads created throughout the country (Route 66)

Rapid construction of gas stations, public garages, motels, tourist camps, and shopping centers

The Young Airplane Industry

By Josh Komins and Emilee Williams

Amelia Earhart

• Lindbergh’s journey feat inspired her• 1932 flew across Atlantic alone• 3 years later flew alone Hawaii to California• 1937 attempted to fly across world,

disappeared in Pacific

Charles Lindbergh

• Spirit of St. Louis (specially made)• 25,000 prize to fly nonstop New York to Paris.• Brought home in naval cruiser given

congressional medal of honor• Honored in every state in nation w/ parade

EDUCATION AND POPULAR CULTURE (DANIELFORD ROLANSKI AND MAXIMUS COWAN)

Radio- The first radio station to come about was stationed in Pittsburgh. During the 20’s radio stations would play music, broadcast news and weather, shows would be played on here, and sport games were covered.

MUSICAlmost all of the popular music at this time pertained to Jazz. Some of the more popular men were Louis Armstrong and Mamie Smith.

EDUCATION In 1914 there were only 1 million children

enrolled in school. By 1926 there were 4 million children enrolled.

Some of the problems schools faced were that most kids had to stay home to work on the farms and this was the time of prohibition. This led to many teens being involved in crime.

Limiting Immigration

Anti-immigrant attitudes had been growing since the 1880’s because of 2 things:

1.Resources2.Jobs

The KKK Rises Again

KKK was devoted to “100% Americanism”

KKK targeted:› African Americans› Jews› Immigrants› Catholics

The Quota System The Emergency Quota Act

of 1921 set up a quota system› Established maximum

number of people who could enter the US from foreign countries

› Reduced the amount of Catholics and Jews

› Asians were PROHIBITED from entering

SCIENCE AND RELIGION CLASH Fundamentalism

Protestant movement grounded in a literal, or non-symbolic, interpretation of the Bible

Billy Sunday most famous fundamentalist preacher

SCIENCE AND RELIGION CLASH 2 Fundamentalists were skeptical of scientific

knowledge They believed all the important things could be

found throughout the Bible. Rejected the theory of evolution

THE SCOPES TRIAL 1925 trial in Tennessee on the issue of

teaching evolution in public schools Tennessee passed a law making it a

crime to teach evolution John T. Scopes

THE SCOPES TRIAL 2 July 10, 1925 Fought over evolution and science vs.

religion in school and society Clarence Darrow -- lawyer, defended

Scopes William Jennings Bryan -- prosecutor Scopes was guilty First trial ever broadcasted over the

radio

The Twenties Women By: MaryKate McInerney

Young Women Change the Rules•Worldwide impact

The Flapper •Mother vs. Daughter

•Average yard

The Flapper (cont.) •Hair Style•Makeup •Drinking/smoking•Amount purchased •Men

Women Shed Old Roles at Home

and at WorkBy Trey Kelley & Tyler Dunham

Fast changing world of the 20’s In the year 1920 the U.S. government released

the 19th amendment for women’s sufferage. Since men were out fighting the war women

took over their jobs

New Work Opportunities Women worked successfully during the war in

men’s jobs, but when the war was over, the demand for women workers dropped

Many female college graduates turned “women’s professions” and became nurses, teachers, librarians and traditional clerical jobs

By 1930, about 10 million women were earning wages but few rose to managerial positions and earned less then men

The Changing Family Widespread social and economic changes

reshape families all over the U.S.

1920’s Birth control When birth control came to caps it was very

significant because it provided a sense of equality & choice for women

At the same time social and technological innovations simplified household labor and family life

Ready made clothes and ready to eat food Public services to help elderly and sick:

workmen’s compensation

Marriage Amongst Women

Marriages became more based upon love and companionship

Children There wasn’t a lot of work for children to

complete. So as a result they had a lot more leisure time.

Children The lack of work for children really hurt some

families, because they were poor and received a lower income as a result.

Top Three lazy people 1. Julia Rodriguez 2. Dominic Paone 3. Lina Brouse