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2/28/2013 1 Enterprise Resource Planning & SAP SAP University Alliances Version 2.01 Sumantra Sarkar, MBA, PMP, CISA Robinson College of Business Robinson College of Business 28 th Feb, 2013 Agenda Business Challenges Planning MRP MRP II ERP SCM Vendor Landscape Functional Modules – Generic SAP Sales OrdertoCash – Revenue Cycle

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Page 1: Enterprise Resource Planning SAP · Enterprise Resource Planning & SAP SAP University Alliances ... VA01 ... • How much is today’s “Production Batch cost

2/28/2013

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Enterprise Resource Planning& SAP

SAP University Alliances

Version 2.01

Sumantra Sarkar, MBA, PMP, CISA

Robinson College of BusinessRobinson College of Business28th Feb, 2013

Agenda

• Business Challenges• Planning• MRP – MRP II – ERP ‐ SCM• Vendor Landscape• Functional Modules – Generic• SAP• Sales Order‐to‐Cash – Revenue Cycle

Page 2: Enterprise Resource Planning SAP · Enterprise Resource Planning & SAP SAP University Alliances ... VA01 ... • How much is today’s “Production Batch cost

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Challenges – Senior Managment

• How much Accounts Receivable is more than 180 days? • Today’s Sales Orders & Collections in North America?Di i S l d f bi t t ?• Dip in Sales orders from my biggest customer?

• How much Finished Goods do I forecast production for this month to achieve Sales numbers for this quarter?

• Is there sufficient Raw materials in stock for production?• How much did we Purchase this year from “X” globally?• Holding cost ‐ “Inventory Turnaround Time” for class A items?

• Can my Cash‐On‐Hand last me for 15 days w/out overdraft?

• How much is today’s “Production Batch cost”?

Challenges – Senior Managment

• Can my Business Processes and Systems  enable me with answers  immediately ?

• Can I see inventory and cash across all of my planning horizon?

• Do I have sufficient resources?

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2/28/2013

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What are a firm’s strategic resources?

• From Classical Economics  (Samuelson & Nordhaus, ’04)

• Land• Labor • CharacteristicsLabor • Capital 

• Material• Money• Machinery

Characteristics• Limited availability• Potential for depletion / consumption• Utility

• Resource‐based view ‐ firms possess resources, a subset of which enables them to achieve competitive advantage, and a further subset which leads to superior long‐term performance (Barney ’91; Grant ’91; Penrose ’59; Wernerfelt ’84).

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Resource Planning tool

• Plan for optimized use of resources• Possible only if there transparent flow of informationbetween all functions inside the boundaries of thebetween all functions inside the boundaries of the organization (e.g. Production should know how much to manufacture  and when?)

• Should enable the enterprise to operate as an integrated, enterprise‐wide, process oriented, information‐driven (not guess work), and real‐timeinformation driven (not guess work), and real time enterprise

• To achieve the above…..let’s look at the components of planning…..what are they?

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Page 4: Enterprise Resource Planning SAP · Enterprise Resource Planning & SAP SAP University Alliances ... VA01 ... • How much is today’s “Production Batch cost

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Bill of Materials (BOM)

• List of components that make up a product or assembly

• Frame • Saddle • Pedal• Break Kit• Front Wheel

• Front Rim• Front Tire• Front Tube

• Post • Seat • Clip

• Handle Bar Assembly • Bell • Clasp 

• Rear Wheel• Rear Rim• Rear Tire• Rear Tube

• Gear System

• Handle

MRP 

• Material Requirement Planning – (Orlicky ’69)

• Production planning and Inventory control system used in the manufacturing processin the manufacturing process

• Answers – What items are required? How many are required? When are they required?

• 3 objectives • Ensure availability of 

• raw materials(RM) for production in time• finished goods (FG) for customers when in demand

• Maintain the lowest possible RM and FG (why??)• Plan purchasing, delivery & manufacturing schedules 

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BOM ‐ Car

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A single car has about 30,000 parts, counting every part down to the smallest screws

MRP – MRP II ‐ ERP

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Page 6: Enterprise Resource Planning SAP · Enterprise Resource Planning & SAP SAP University Alliances ... VA01 ... • How much is today’s “Production Batch cost

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MRP – MRP II ‐ ERP

DEC ‐ PDP‐1 in 1960, world's first small,

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world s first small, interactive computer. Sold at $120,000,

MRP – MRP II ‐ ERP

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC – PDP12)

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(DEC – PDP12) 12 bit machine @ $ 27, 900

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2/28/2013

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MRP – MRP II ‐ ERP

"IBM PC," in ’81 - model 5150 .

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What is ERP…then….?

• Hence……• framework for organizing, defining, and standardizingthe business processes necessary to effectively plan andthe business processes necessary to effectively plan and control an organization so the organization can use its internal knowledge to seek external advantage 

[APICS Dictionary (American Production/Inventory Control Society)– 11th Edition]

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Supply Chain Management

• a set of three or more entities (organizations or individuals) directly involved in the upstream and downstream flows of products, services, finances.downstream flows of products, services, finances. and/or information from a source to a customer

• Transaction flows from Supplier to Customers and vice versa

• Capture GL transactions underneathunderneath

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So is MRP Relevant today?

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http://www.orlickysmrp.com/mrp.html

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Now…let’s look at something else….

• Process view of the firm….……• an ability to see beyond the tasks and hierarchy and to visualize the processes in one’s organization.p g

[Bassellier, Reich & Benbasat JMIS’01]

• So what are the processes in an organization??• Only line managers are close enough to their business segments 

to see the most effective ways to utilize this resource. Only they possess the clout to embed IT into their strategies and to commit the necessary financial resources. Unless IT is included in line ymanagers’ strategy and tactics, and unless line managers can effectively understand and implement a process view of the world, the best IT organizations are almost powerless 

[Rockart, J. F., M. J. Earl, et al. (1996). "Eight Imperatives for the New IT Organization." Sloan Management Review 38(1): 43‐55.]

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SALES TO CASHOR

REVENUE CYCLE18

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Functionality

• Sales • Shipping and TransportationBilli• Billing

• Credit Management• Sales Support• Foreign Trade• Integrates internal and external information across an gentire organization ‐ finance/accounting, manufacturing, planning, sales and service, etc. 

Sales Order Process

Sales OrderEntry

Pre-salesActivities

No financial impact (FI)

PickMaterials

Receipt ofCustomer Payment

CheckAvailability

Materials Management (MM) and Financial Accounting (FI)

via automatic account assignment

Amount owed isassigned and transferred to

Customer account receivable

Amount owed by customer is received and Account Receivables is reduced

Post GoodsIssue

Invoice Customer

Pack Materials

Bank XXXXA/R XXXX

A/R XXXXSales XXXX

COGS XXXXInventory-FG XXXX

assignment

*Good Sent

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GL Transactions Tracking

Post Goods IssueCOGS              XXXX

INV‐FG            XXXXX

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Invoice CustomerA/R                 XXXX

SALES            XXXXX

GL Transactions Tracking

Payment ReceivedBANK XXXXBANK             XXXX

A/R                 XXXXX

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Audit trail ‐ Logistics

• Each business transaction impacting FI creates unique numbered electronic document. 

• Once written to the SAP database, a financial document can not be deleted from the database.

Audit trail ‐ Logistics

• Audit Trail ‐ contains critical and necessary information as:• Responsible personResponsible person• Date and time of the transaction• Commercial content

• provides a solid and important framework for a strong internal control system – a requirement of law for SOX and other regulatory needs

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Audit trail – GL Transactions Tracking

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S_ALR_87012291 Line item journal from Accounting  General Ledger  Information system  Document  Line item journal.

Audit trail – User input tracking

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Transction:VA01                              System  Status

Page 14: Enterprise Resource Planning SAP · Enterprise Resource Planning & SAP SAP University Alliances ... VA01 ... • How much is today’s “Production Batch cost

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Process Integration…distribution onlyPurchaseRequisition

Purchase Order

Run MRP

Pre-SalesActivity Check

Availability

ProcurementProcess

Pick

GoodsReceipt

InvoiceReceipt

Run MRPSales Order

Entry

Sales Process PickMaterials Payment

to Vendor

Post GoodsIssueInvoice

Customer

Receipt ofPayment

Sales Process

Process Integration ..all modules..

PurchaseRequisition

Purchase Order

GoodsIssue

Sales OrderEntry

CheckAvailability

ProductionProcess

Run MPS w/MRP

Convert ProductionProposal Schedule

and ReleaseProcurement

Process

Requisition GoodsReceipt

InvoiceReceipt

Paymentto Vendor

CompletionConfirmationQ litEntry

PickMaterials

to VendorConfirmation

Goods Receipt

QualityInspection

Order Settlement

Post GoodsIssue

Invoice Customer

Receipt ofPayment

SalesProcess

VideoProduction Process with SAP

Page 15: Enterprise Resource Planning SAP · Enterprise Resource Planning & SAP SAP University Alliances ... VA01 ... • How much is today’s “Production Batch cost

2/28/2013

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Challenges – Senior Managment

• How much Accounts Receivable is more than 180 days? • Today’s Sales Orders & Collections in North America?Di i S l d f bi t t ?• Dip in Sales orders from my biggest customer?

• How much Finished Goods do I forecast production for this month to achieve Sales numbers for this quarter?

• Is there sufficient Raw materials in stock for production?• How much did we Purchase this year from “X” globally?• Holding cost ‐ “Inventory Turnaround Time” for class A items?

• Can my Cash‐On‐Hand last me for 15 days w/out overdraft?

• How much is today’s “Production Batch cost”?

Questions?