enterprise architecture (ea) and the health metrics network (hmn
TRANSCRIPT
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Enterprise Architecture (EA) and the Health Metrics Network (HMN) Framework:
A Federated Approach for Interoperability
Mike Perry, MSICS, FEAC CEAJohn Fitzpatrick, FEAC CEA
Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlanta, Georgia
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The HMN Framework and EA
Where EA Fits in the HMN Framework– What is the HMN Framework?– Operational Plan = Enterprise Architecture– Advantages of Integrating EA into HMN– Advantages of a Federated Approach– How Would It Work?
A Common Target Architecture for Global Public Health Systems– The Business Case– The Grid– Public HealthGrids
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What is the HMN Framework?
The Health Metrics Network (HMN), an initiative hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO), was launched in 2005 to help countries and other partners improve global health by strengthening the systems that generate health-related information for evidence-based decision-making.
The HMN Framework will serve two broad purposes:– At the country level, it will focus investment and technical assistance on
standardizing health information system development– At the country and global levels, it will permit access to, and better use of,
improved health information
Framework and Standards for Country Health Information Systems / Health Metrics Network, World Health Organization, 2nd Edition, June 2008
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EnterpriseArchitecture
Framework and Standards for Country Health Information Systems / Health Metrics Network, World Health Organization, 2nd Edition, June 2008
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Enterprise ArchitectureOperational Plan – Implementation Plan – Action Plan
A rose by any other name . . . is still a rose
An Operational Plan (or Implementation Plan or Action Plan) is a subset of a strategic plan, it addresses 4 questions:
– Where are we now? – Where do we want to be? – How do we get there? – How do we measure our progress?
• Definition of “Operational Planning” from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_planning
This sounds very familiar to Enterprise Architects
Enterprise Architecture is the process of translating business vision and strategy into effective enterprise change by creating, communicating and improving the key principles and models that describe the enterprise's future state and enable its evolution
• Gartner Defines the Term ‘Enterprise Architecture’, Anne Lapkin, Gartner, Inc., 12 July 2006
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Advantages of using EA
Application of EA to the HMN Framework was first proposed in thewhite paper The Case for a National Health Information System Architecture; a Missing Link to Guiding National Development andImplementation by Sally Stansfield, MD, et. al., June 20, 2008
EA has Established Standard Frameworks– The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)– Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) – Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DODAF)
EA has Established Standard Methodologies– Federal Segment Architecture Methodology (FSAM)
EA has a Large and Growing Body of Knowledge Professional Certification Programs Exist for Enterprise Architects There is No Need to Reinvent the Wheel!
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Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF)
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Federal Segment Architecture Methodology (FSAM)Top Level Process
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Federal Segment Architecture Methodology (FSAM)Process Steps, Activities, and Tasks
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Federal Segment Architecture Methodology (FSAM)Process Steps, Outputs, and Relationships
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The Advantages of a Federated Approach
The U.S. Federal Government has pioneered the federated approachto EA because of its large hierarchical organization
The Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) has Common Reference Models for the different layers of the architecture
The Federal Government is moving toward a Common Target Architecture
The Global Public Health Community will just add another layer to the national federated model
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How Would It Work?
Establish a Common Strategic Vision and Plan for the Global Health Domain
Establish a Common Global Health Architecture Framework Establish Common Reference Models for the Global Health Domain Create a Common Target Architecture for the Global Health Domain Establish Basic Data Standards for Interoperability
These Constructs Can Be utilized as starting points when each country reaches Phase 2 of the HMN Framework Roadmap
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A Target Architecture for Global Public Health Systems
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I. Business Case:Public Health Functional Requirements
Global • Rapid spread of infectious diseases around the globe• “Science is an intrinsically Global Activity” (http://pragma.sdsc.edu/proposal.html)• …as is Public Health
Secure • Protecting patient privacy• National legal and policy compliance
Scalable• Sharp spikes in data volume• Computer intensive analysis and visualization
Timely • Real time or near real time detection and response (quarantine)
Agile • Dynamically configurable data access, and collaborative analysis• Automated case detection and alerting
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I. Business Case:Architectural Characteristics
Distributed• Across disciplines, organizations, and national boundaries• Including dynamically assembled virtual communities
Standards based• Ubiquitous technical standards • Syntactic and Semantic data interoperability
- Controlled Data Vocabularies- Ontologies- CDA standard Natural Language Processers for textual Clinical observations
Federated• Centrally managed (standards, services)• Locally controlled (data access)
Service Oriented• Services instead of monolithic information silos• Supporting rapid assembly of data access, collaboration, analysis and reporting services
Event Driven• Automated alerts triggered by rules engines• Distributed, remotely programmable Case Detection HL7 listeners
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Grid Defined• A form of Distributed Computing• Virtual Computer - Scott McNealy’s “The Network is the Computer.”• Virtual Organization – dynamic community of individuals or institutions using shared resources
under agreed upon rules and conditions
Grid as “Super Internet”"Grid is a new Information Technology (IT) concept of "super Internet" for high-performance computing: worldwide collections of high-end resources – such as supercomputers, storage, advanced instruments and immersive environments…geographically and organizationally dispersed…communication systems, real-time data sources and…human collaborators."(http://www.aei.mpg.de/~manuela/GridWeb/info/grid.html, Foster and Kesselman).
“…turning the Internet itself into a computing platform…essentially one, large virtual computer built on open protocols with everything shared — applications, data, processing power, storage, etc. ” (Dr. Irving Wladawsky-Berger, IBM Server Group Vice President of Technology and Strategy, http://pragma.sdsc.edu/proposal.html
Public HealthGrid• Grid infrastructures and services applied to health and biomedical informatics, enabling more
timely and effective public health practice and emergency response
II. The Grid
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II. The Grid: Contrasting Grid withSemantic Web, and Cloud Computing
Semantic Web• Shift from “a Web of documents” to “a Web of data” (Tim Berners Lee)• Navigating data on the Web based on semantics (meaning and relationships) defined using
W3C formal specifications (RDF, OWL, etc.)• Enables automated navigation of data across the Web
Cloud Computing• Configurable virtual IT infrastructure (servers & storage) as a service• Hosting applications on a rented, external network and IT infrastructure
Grid Computing• Internet as virtual computer• Use of distributed, loosely coupled, heterogenous computer resources as services• Technologically: A high performance distributed computing infrastructure that: 1) coordinates
resources not subject to centralized control; 2) using standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces; 3) to deliver nontrivial qualities of service in a coordinated fashion. –paraphrased from Ian Foster, “What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist”
• Organizationally: “…coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations.” – Ian Foster, Steve Tuecke, “The Anatomy of the Grid”
• Standards leadership by Open Grid Forum: Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA)• Functional types: Computational, Data, Knowledge (using ontologies, etc.)• Emerging HealthGrids: Grid infrastructures applied to health and biomedical informatics
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II. The Grid
Evolution of the Internet• Internet - DARPA network infrastructure• World Wide Web – standards based, platform independent document distribution• Web Services – standards-based computer-to-computer interactions across a network;
heterogeneous technical platforms; universal standards (WSDL, SOAP, XML, etc.)• Web 2.0 – “the Web as platform” (Batelle & O’Reilly); mashups, social-networking, wikis, blogs... • Grid Services – Internet-based distributed computing using Grid technologies; computer resource
intensive Web Services
Grid technologies• Open Source-based middleware platforms and services that enable secure ecosystems of powerful
Grid Services (computation, data storage, etc.)• Origins in the particle physics research community (as was the World Wide Web)• Globus toolkit is emerging as a predominant technical platform; http://www.globus.org/toolkit/• Others include gLite (provides a framework for building Grid applications), and UNICORE (to
access supercomputers and computer clusters)• Grid technology standards and Web Services standards are now converging.• Differs from “cluster computing”, because loosely coupled, heterogeneous, geographically
dispersed; and based on general purpose grid software libraries and middleware
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II. The Grid: Grid Initiatives
The EU HealthGrid Association• Application of Grid technologies to life sciences and health, from molecular to population level data • http://initiative.healthgrid.org/; 7th International HealthGrid conference, http://www.ehtel.org/events/healthgrid-
2009
HealthGrid.US Alliance• Promoting Grid architectures and Knowledge Engineering in biomedical science and healthcare• http://usa.healthgrid.org/
DEISA• Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Applications• Consortium of leading supercomputing centers for pan-European computational science research• http://www.deisa.eu/
EGEE• Enabling Grids for E-SciencE• Infrastructure for over 10,00 researchers world-wide (high-energy physics, earth sciences, life sciences…)• http://www.eu-egee.org/
CDC Public Health Grid (PHGrid) R&D• CDC National Center of Public Health Informatics; research and simplify Grid technologies in Public Health• Over 200 partnerships (e.g. Harvard, Columbia, Johns-Hopkins, U. of Utah, U. of Ohio, U of Washington)• http://phgrid.blogspot.com/
WHO/CDC Collaborating Center (Proposed)• Fostering a global partnership focusing on Public Health Informatics• Collaborative development of a Global OpenHealth Grid
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II. The Grid: Grid Initiatives
WISDOM• Initiative for grid-enabled drug discovery against neglected and emergent diseases • Virtual screening, in silico docking particularly with malaria and Avian flu; since 2005 • Core group members in Germany, Italy, France, Korea, • http://wisdom.healthgrid.org/
PRAGMA• Pacific Rim Application and Grid Middleware Assembly• An infrastructure for Runtime Management of Grid Applications• http://pragma.sdsc.edu/proposal.html; http://avianflugrid.pragma-grid.net/
European Datagrid• High-energy physics, biology, medical imaging, and earth observations• http://www.eu-datagrid.org/
DOE Science Grid• Grid-based infrastructure for the next generation of science• http://doesciencegrid.org/
NASA Information Power Grid• A high performance Grid infrastructure for use primarily by NASA scientists and engineers• http://www.gloriad.org/gloriad/projects/project000053.html
National Science Foundation TeraGrid• A Grid-based advanced computational infrastructure for science projects• http://www.teragrid.org/
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III. Public HealthGrids:Architecting Distributed Systems
PHIN• The Public Health portion of NHIN• Goals: advancing interoperability of Public Health systems and services, exchange of
public health data, and more effective and timely collaborative analysis and public health emergency response
NHIN• National Health Information Network - a health information infrastructure that connects
healthcare providers and health agencies• NHIN Connect Gateway - an Open-source platform enabling federal agencies to securely
link their existing systems to the NHIN using Web Services
PHGrid• CDC Grid technology-based initiative (www.phgrid.net)• Collaborating with numerous partners to develop Grid services for Public Health
(http://sites.google.com/site/phgrid/Home/service-registry)• Collaborating with ONC to provide shared Grid services via NHIN
Global OpenHealth Grid • A proposed WHO network of interoperable health applications and services, based on Web
Services and Grid technology standards• To enable rapid global data exchange, analysis, collaboration, and reporting across clinical,
research, and public health partners
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III. Public HealthGrids:A Global OpenHealth Grid
CountriesPublic Health
Ministries
Providers
Consumers
Organizations
Others
Clinics
Hospitals
Others
Consumer Orgs
Individuals
Others
Who
CDC
China
United States
Others Regional
Local
Others
Search Services
Analytical Services
Alerting Services
Security Services
Vocabulary Services
SARS Data
Influenza Data
TB Data
Malaria Data
AIDS Data
OpenMRS Services
EPI Info Services
DHIS Services
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SurveillanceData
Service
III. Public HealthGrids:A Public Health Grid Services Ecosystem
SurveillanceData
Service
AnalysisService
VocabularyCommon Data
Repository
VisualizationGIS
ServicesAnalysisServicePublic Health
Event DetectionServices
Publish/Subscribe
SurveillanceData
Service
CompositeApplicationWorkflow
RHIO/HIE
State/Local Health Dept.
HospitalClinicLab
CDC
ServicesRepository
Hospital
Lab
ArchitectureGroup
StandardsGroup
InteroperabilityReviews
StrategicPlans
Principles
StrategyGroup
Governance
SurveillanceData
ArchiveService
CommonSecurityServices
Service
Construction
SDK
Public Health Partner
AlertingCommunication
Services
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Service Library
III. Public HealthGrids:Dynamic Service Orchestration
Age Adjusted Rate
Time Series Graph
GIS Map by Country
Data Services
Federated Query
Analytical Services
Reporting Services
Mortality Case Data
Mortality CountYear to DateBy Country
Lab Data
Morbidity Case Data
Census Data
Basic Statistics
Analysis of Variance
Linear Regression
Age Adjusted Rate
Time Series Graph
GIS Map by Country
