enhancing lignites future through research & development michael jones ph.d. vice president,...

Enhancing Lignite’s Future Through Research & Development

Enhancing Lignite’s Future Through Research & Development

Michael Jones Ph.D. Vice President, R&D

Lignite Energy Council

Michael Jones Ph.D. Vice President, R&D

Lignite Energy Council

State-industry R&D partnership

Lignite resource

Current energy conversion technologies

Future energy conversion technologies

Emission Control Technologies

Summary

Lignite Jeopardy Game


Lignite resource



Emission Control Technologies

Summary


Agenda Agenda

Lignite Research Council’s R&D ProgramLignite Research Council’s R&D Program

Public / Private PartnershipPublic / Private Partnership

Lignite EnergyCouncil

Lignite EnergyCouncil

State ofNorth Dakota

State ofNorth Dakota

http://www.lignite.com/ResDev/index.htmhttp://www.nd.gov/ndic/lrc-infopage.htm

An Industry/Government PartnershipAn Industry/Government Partnership

Cleaner Coal Technology PathsCleaner Coal Technology Paths

Coal Cleaning

More efficient power plants

More effective technologies to reduce SO2, NOx, Hg & CO2

emissions

Coal Cleaning

More efficient power plants

More effective technologies to reduce SO2, NOx, Hg & CO2

emissions

Leveraging State DollarsLeveraging State Dollars

For every state dollar, six dollars is invested from industry & other sources in lignite-related R&D projects

For every state dollar, six dollars is invested from industry & other sources in lignite-related R&D projects==

Active Lignite Research Projects Active Lignite Research Projects

Quick Review of Active Projects (24) 1 LEC Lignite Vision 21 Program project 3 Separate LV21P projects 3 Mercury-related projects 1 NOx-related project 4 Lignite gasification-related projects 8 CO2 Carbon Capture & Storage-related projects 1 Regional marketing project (PAE) 1 Lignite-fueled Ag production – Red Trail Project 1 Coal combustion products projects 1 Air toxic metals project – CATM

Quick Review of Active Projects (24) 1 LEC Lignite Vision 21 Program project 3 Separate LV21P projects 3 Mercury-related projects 1 NOx-related project 4 Lignite gasification-related projects 8 CO2 Carbon Capture & Storage-related projects 1 Regional marketing project (PAE) 1 Lignite-fueled Ag production – Red Trail Project 1 Coal combustion products projects 1 Air toxic metals project – CATM


Lignite resource



Controlling emissions

Summary



Lignite resource




Summary


Agenda Agenda

Future of Lignite Future of Lignite

The resource: 800 year supply of ligniteThe resource: 800 year supply of lignite

R&D holds the keyto expanding lignite’s economic benefits

R&D holds the keyto expanding lignite’s economic benefits

A Look at Lignite A Look at Lignite

Organic Matter C, H, O, S, N

Organic Matter C, H, O, S, N

Inorganic Matter SiO2, Al2O3 -Clays, FeS2

Inorganic Matter SiO2, Al2O3 -Clays, FeS2

LigniteLignite

WaterWater

55%55%

10%10%35%35%

Electric PowerGeneration - 79%

Synthetic NaturalGas - 13.5%

Specialty Products 7.5%

ND Lignite ConsumptionND Lignite Consumption


Lignite resource




Summary



Lignite resource




Summary


Agenda Agenda

Current Energy Conversion Technologies Current Energy Conversion Technologies

Pulverized Coal-Fired BoilersPulverized Coal-Fired Boilers

2400 PSI Steam; 1000ºF

Up to 600 MW/unit in ND

30-32% Efficient


Up to 600 MW/unit in ND

30-32% Efficient


Pulverized Coal-Fired Boilers Pulverized Coal-Fired Boilers

Antelope Valley StationAntelope Valley Station Coal Creek Station Coal Creek Station M.R. Young Station M.R. Young Station


Pulverized Coal-Fired Boilers Pulverized Coal-Fired Boilers

Coyote StationCoyote Station Leland Olds StationLeland Olds StationStanton StationStanton Station


Lignite resource




Summary



Lignite resource




Summary


Agenda Agenda

Future Generating Technologies Future Generating Technologies

Advanced Pulverized Coal

Oxy-fuel Combustion

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Advanced Pulverized Coal

Oxy-fuel Combustion

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Supercritical Pulverized Coal Power Plant


Up to 1300 MW / unit

35-40% Efficient


Up to 1300 MW / unit

35-40% Efficient

Future Generating TechnologiesFuture Generating Technologies


Oxy-combustionOxy-combustion Technology

consideration to capture CO2

Energy penalty ~ 1/3 (450 MW Gross yields 300 MW Net)

First demonstrations underway in US and Europe

Technology consideration to capture CO2

Energy penalty ~ 1/3 (450 MW Gross yields 300 MW Net)

First demonstrations underway in US and Europe


IGCC IGCC

Up to 300 MW / Unit

40-45% Efficient

Cost, availability & lack of lignite experience are issues

Up to 300 MW / Unit

40-45% Efficient

Cost, availability & lack of lignite experience are issues

Future Generating TechnologiesFuture Generating Technologies

Gasification End Products

Electric Power

Synthetic Natural Gas

Liquid Transportation Fuels

Hydrogen

Chemicals

Gasification End Products

Electric Power

Synthetic Natural Gas

Liquid Transportation Fuels

Hydrogen

Chemicals

Coal-to-Liquids Coal-to-Liquids

Headwaters Inc., North American Coal Corp. & Falkirk Mining Co. are exploring a coal-to-liquid fuels project near Underwood, ND

Will gasify coal and convert it into ultra-clean gasoline, LPG, propane & electricity

12 million tons of coal to produce 30,000 barrels per day of gasoline

Conducting feasibility studies; next step is decision to conduct a front-end engineering & design study ($50+ million)

Construction start – 2012???; commercial start – 2015???

Headwaters Inc., North American Coal Corp. & Falkirk Mining Co. are exploring a coal-to-liquid fuels project near Underwood, ND

Will gasify coal and convert it into ultra-clean gasoline, LPG, propane & electricity

12 million tons of coal to produce 30,000 barrels per day of gasoline

Conducting feasibility studies; next step is decision to conduct a front-end engineering & design study ($50+ million)


Coal-to-Hydrogen-PowerCoal-to-Hydrogen-Power

Great Northern Project Development is exploring a coal-to-hydrogen project near South Heart, ND

Will use ~2.4 million tons of lignite / year

To gasify lignite and convert it into hydrogen for use in combustion turbine

Conducting feasibility studies; about to move into a front-end engineering & design study ($30+ million)


Great Northern Project Development is exploring a coal-to-hydrogen project near South Heart, ND

Will use ~2.4 million tons of lignite / year

To gasify lignite and convert it into hydrogen for use in combustion turbine

Conducting feasibility studies; about to move into a front-end engineering & design study ($30+ million)



Lignite resource




Summary



Lignite resource




Summary


Agenda Agenda

Emission Control TechnologiesEmission Control Technologies

Particulate Matter (PM) reduction >99.99%

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) reduction >97%

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) reduction 50% → > 90% goal

Mercury (Hg) reduction 50% -90% → > 90% goal

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ??? %

Particulate Matter (PM) reduction >99.99%

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) reduction >97%

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) reduction 50% → > 90% goal

Mercury (Hg) reduction 50% -90% → > 90% goal

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ??? %

WetScrubber

Boiler

Stack

Baghouse

Coal

Overfire Air, low NOx, burners, injection of ammonia

Emission Control TechnologiesEmission Control Technologies

Electrostatic Precipitator

Stack

Dry Scrubber

Capturing Mercury Is Difficult!Capturing Mercury Is Difficult!

A hypothetical example:

Dome filled with 30 billion ping pong balls

30 mercury balls

Remove 27 balls for 90% Hg capture

A hypothetical example:

Dome filled with 30 billion ping pong balls

30 mercury balls

Remove 27 balls for 90% Hg capture

Houston Astrodome

WetScrubber

BoilerStack

Baghouse

Coal

OxidationChemicals

Mercury Control OptionsMercury Control Options

Electrostatic Precipitator

Stack

Dry Scrubber

Activated Carbon & Oxidation Chemicals

Summary of CO2 Capture TechnologiesSummary of CO2 Capture Technologies

Absorption Adsorption Membranes Cryogenics Others

Chemical

Physical

AminesCausticsAmino acid saltsOthers

SelexolRectisolIonic liquidsOthers

Chemical(TSA)

Physical (PSA, TSA)

Metal oxidesMetal organic frameworks Others

ZeolitesActivated Carbons Si/Al gels

Organic

Inorganic

PolysulphoneCellulose derivativesPolymideLiquid EnzymeOthers

MetallicCeramicsOthers

ChemicalLooping

CO2 Hydrates

Oxycombustion

Microbial/ Algae

Carbon Capture R&D processes being Carbon Capture R&D processes being explored by the National Energy explored by the National Energy

Technology LaboratoriesTechnology Laboratories

Carbon Capture R&D processes being Carbon Capture R&D processes being explored by the National Energy explored by the National Energy

Technology LaboratoriesTechnology Laboratories

Carbon Capture TechnologiesCarbon Capture Technologies

EERC Oxyfuel / Amine Scrubbing Study (2/07)

Conclusions assuming 90% capture of CO2:

Amine scrubbing & oxyfuel models were developed and shared with industry

Amine scrubbing results in cost of electricity (COE) of 10.8 cents/kWh (4.6 cents/kWh without carbon capture)

Oxyfuel combustion results in COE of 10.9 cents/kWh (4.6 cents/kWh without carbon capture)

EERC Oxyfuel / Amine Scrubbing Study (2/07)

Conclusions assuming 90% capture of CO2:

Amine scrubbing & oxyfuel models were developed and shared with industry

Amine scrubbing results in cost of electricity (COE) of 10.8 cents/kWh (4.6 cents/kWh without carbon capture)

Oxyfuel combustion results in COE of 10.9 cents/kWh (4.6 cents/kWh without carbon capture)

DOE CCS Program Goals DOE CCS Program Goals

By 2020, have available for commercial deployment technologies and best practices for achieving:

90% CO2 capture 99%+ storage permanence < 10% increase in COE (pre-

combustion capture) < 35% increase in COE (post- and

oxy-combustion)

By 2020, have available for commercial deployment technologies and best practices for achieving:

90% CO2 capture 99%+ storage permanence < 10% increase in COE (pre-

combustion capture) < 35% increase in COE (post- and

oxy-combustion)

CO2 Capture Technology R&D Timeline

20102008 20162012 2020 2024

Large-Scale Field Testing

Laboratory-Bench-Pilot Scale R&D

Full-Scale Demos

Commercial Deployment

NDIC Funding Commitment Carbon capture-related projects:

Carbozyme membrane technology $260,000 Partnership for CO2 capture 300,000 Canadian Clean Power Coalition 130,000 AVS Carbon Capture FEED 2,700,000 Partnership for CO2 capture II 150,000 Oxy-firing Alstom 550,000 Evaluation of Novel CO2 Capture 50,000

$4,140,000 Carbon storage-related projects:

PCOR Phase II $720,000 PCOR Phase III 2,400,000

$3,120,000 Total CCS commitment $7,260,000

NDIC Funding Commitment Carbon capture-related projects:

Carbozyme membrane technology $260,000 Partnership for CO2 capture 300,000 Canadian Clean Power Coalition 130,000 AVS Carbon Capture FEED 2,700,000 Partnership for CO2 capture II 150,000 Oxy-firing Alstom 550,000 Evaluation of Novel CO2 Capture 50,000

$4,140,000 Carbon storage-related projects:

PCOR Phase II $720,000 PCOR Phase III 2,400,000

$3,120,000 Total CCS commitment $7,260,000

Carbon Management Initiatives NDIC Investment Carbon Management Initiatives NDIC Investment

Partnership for CO2 Capture

EERC project approved by LRC/NDIC – May 2008

Develop & demonstrate a range of CO2 capture technologies to include pre-combustion, post-combustion & oxy-combustion technologies

$3.4 million project (DOE/EERC $2.4 M; Industry $750 K; NDIC $300 K)

Start date: 6/08; Completion date: 06/10

Phase II, ~$2M, Start 7/10

Partnership for CO2 Capture

EERC project approved by LRC/NDIC – May 2008

Develop & demonstrate a range of CO2 capture technologies to include pre-combustion, post-combustion & oxy-combustion technologies

$3.4 million project (DOE/EERC $2.4 M; Industry $750 K; NDIC $300 K)

Start date: 6/08; Completion date: 06/10

Phase II, ~$2M, Start 7/10

Carbon Management Initiatives Carbon Management Initiatives

Plains Carbon Dioxide Reduction Partnership (PCOR)

Phase I – Characterization of sources & sinks (2003-2005)

Phase II – Small-scale field validation tests (2005-2009)

Phase III – Large volume carbon storage test (2008-2017)

Plains Carbon Dioxide Reduction Partnership (PCOR)

Phase I – Characterization of sources & sinks (2003-2005)

Phase II – Small-scale field validation tests (2005-2009)

Phase III – Large volume carbon storage test (2008-2017)

Carbon Management Initiatives

PCOR Phase III (2008-2017) Large-scale demo projects over 10

years

Capturing CO2 from AVS & storage in geological formations

CO2 storage to include enhanced oil recovery & deep saline aquifer storage

DOE committed $67 million

NDIC committed $2.4 million – 2/08 Total Project Cost (capture &

storage) >$300 M

PCOR Phase III (2008-2017) Large-scale demo projects over 10

years

Capturing CO2 from AVS & storage in geological formations

CO2 storage to include enhanced oil recovery & deep saline aquifer storage

DOE committed $67 million

NDIC committed $2.4 million – 2/08 Total Project Cost (capture &

storage) >$300 M

Carbon Management Initiatives

Carbon Management InitiativesCarbon Management Initiatives

Carbon Capture Project at AVS

Demonstration / commercialization project

AVS – two 450 MW units

120 MW slipstream

Capture 90% of CO2 (Powerspan technology)

57 MMSCF or 3,000 tons CO2 / day

CO2 to be used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in western North Dakota

FEED study in 2010

Construction in 2011 ???

Operational in 2014 ???

Carbon Capture Project at AVS

Demonstration / commercialization project

AVS – two 450 MW units

120 MW slipstream

Capture 90% of CO2 (Powerspan technology)

57 MMSCF or 3,000 tons CO2 / day

CO2 to be used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in western North Dakota

FEED study in 2010

Construction in 2011 ???

Operational in 2014 ???

Carbon Sequestration - EORCarbon Sequestration - EOR

Carbon Sequestration

SaskPower CO2 capture & storage project

$1.4 billion, 7-year demonstration project announced 2/27/08

Partnership: Gov. of Canada, Gov. of Sask., SaskPower & industry

Project at Boundary Dam 150 MW Unit III (existing unit)

Designed to capture ~ 1 million tons CO2 / year

CO2 capture technology & vendor to be determined

CO2 to be used for EOR

Expected to be fully operational by 2015

Carbon Sequestration

SaskPower CO2 capture & storage project

$1.4 billion, 7-year demonstration project announced 2/27/08

Partnership: Gov. of Canada, Gov. of Sask., SaskPower & industry

Project at Boundary Dam 150 MW Unit III (existing unit)

Designed to capture ~ 1 million tons CO2 / year

CO2 capture technology & vendor to be determined

CO2 to be used for EOR

Expected to be fully operational by 2015

Carbon Management Initiatives Carbon Management Initiatives

Carbon Management Initiatives DOE Carbon Sequestration Program Carbon Management Initiatives DOE Carbon Sequestration Program

Coal Drying Activity Coal Drying Activity

As mined, lignite is approximately one-third moisture. This makes it uneconomical to transport by rail. However, a coal drying facility is now operational at Coal Creek Station that may make transporting lignite a more economical proposition.

The coal drying project has its roots in a simple experiment that you can simulate in the classroom.

As mined, lignite is approximately one-third moisture. This makes it uneconomical to transport by rail. However, a coal drying facility is now operational at Coal Creek Station that may make transporting lignite a more economical proposition.

The coal drying project has its roots in a simple experiment that you can simulate in the classroom.

Coal Drying ProcedureCoal Drying Procedure

Weigh about 100 grams of lignite on a paper plate.

Place the coal onto a cookie sheet and place it in an oven set at its lowest temperature – 100 or 120F for four hours.

Reweigh the coal to determine the weight loss due to moisture and calculate the percent of moisture.

Weigh about 100 grams of lignite on a paper plate.

Place the coal onto a cookie sheet and place it in an oven set at its lowest temperature – 100 or 120F for four hours.

Reweigh the coal to determine the weight loss due to moisture and calculate the percent of moisture.

Coal Drying ProcedureCoal Drying Procedure

Alternative Drying Methods

Dry the lignite using the “waste” heat from a light bulb. This method will model Coal Creek’s use of waste heat from its boiler.

Simply place the lignite in a sunny window and let it dry. Weigh the sample each day until the weight is constant for two days.

Alternative Drying Methods

Dry the lignite using the “waste” heat from a light bulb. This method will model Coal Creek’s use of waste heat from its boiler.

Simply place the lignite in a sunny window and let it dry. Weigh the sample each day until the weight is constant for two days.

Coal Drying Activity (Cont.) Coal Drying Activity (Cont.)

Coal Creek pulverizes the coal prior to drying, so students can compare the rate of moisture loss and total amount of moisture lost between crushed and uncrushed coal.

Coal Creek pulverizes the coal prior to drying, so students can compare the rate of moisture loss and total amount of moisture lost between crushed and uncrushed coal.

Pulverized coal has greater surface area and should dry faster than coal in larger pieces.

Pulverized coal has greater surface area and should dry faster than coal in larger pieces.

Prototype Coal DryerPrototype Coal Dryer Prototype model built

adjacent to the plant (1/06)

Used waste heat to dry the coal after it was pulverized

Tests showed how much heat & time needed

Now 8 coal dryers have been installed to dry all of the coal (operational 12/09)

Prototype model built adjacent to the plant (1/06)

Used waste heat to dry the coal after it was pulverized

Tests showed how much heat & time needed

Now 8 coal dryers have been installed to dry all of the coal (operational 12/09)

Coal Drying – Using Waste HeatCoal Drying – Using Waste Heat

Waste Energy

Lignite

Exhaust

Gas

Non Fluidized

Fines

Dried Coal

Dryer

Bag House

Less fuel

Less emissions

Less maintenance

More generation

Greater efficiency

Greater value of lignite

Coal Cleaning at the MineCoal Cleaning at the Mine

Air jigging and magnetic separation

Significantly improved overall quality

Increased heat content & reduced ash, Hg & S

Used in conjunction with Coal Creek and Antelope Valley Stations’ operations

Air jigging and magnetic separation

Significantly improved overall quality

Increased heat content & reduced ash, Hg & S

Used in conjunction with Coal Creek and Antelope Valley Stations’ operations

Coal Technology R&D PathwaysCritical R&D Challenges to Near Zero Emissions From CoalCoal Technology R&D PathwaysCritical R&D Challenges to Near Zero Emissions From Coal

Advanced Coal

Power and Multiple Products

Improve Reliability

Maximize Efficiencies

Near Zero Criteria Pollutants

Near Zero Water Usage

Near Zero Greenhouse Gases

Pulverized Coal

Power Generation

Improve Efficiencies

Minimize Criteria Pollutants

Minimize Water Usage

Minimize Greenhouse Gases

Future PlantsNear Term Plants

Technology Bridge to Near Zero Emissions

2005 - 2025 2025 - 2050

Courtesy of NETL

U.S. needs more sources of energy & needs to lessen dependence on foreign sources

Lignite is a valuable source of energy & chemical products

R&D is critical in the wise use of this abundant resource

U.S. needs more sources of energy & needs to lessen dependence on foreign sources

Lignite is a valuable source of energy & chemical products

R&D is critical in the wise use of this abundant resource

SummarySummary

Questions? Questions?

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Activity Activity

LIGNITE JEOPARDY

GAME

LIGNITE JEOPARDY

GAME

Thanks for Listening!Thanks for Listening!

enhancing lignites future through research & development michael jones ph.d. vice president,...

Documents

future of lignite

lignite water

lignite related rd projects

nd lignite consumption

effective technologies

emissions slide

efficient slide

energy penalty