enhancing adaptive capacity to climate change in semi-arid regions of india

12th May ‘06 BASIC Project, India Workshop 1

ENHANCING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE

IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS OF INDIA

An International Workshop on

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change:

From Practice to PolicyFrom Practice to Policy

An International Workshop on

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change:

From Practice to PolicyFrom Practice to Policy

May 11-12, 2006New Delhi, India

Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy


V&A PROGRAMME

Project

“VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ENHANSING ADAPTIVE

CAPACITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN SEMI-ARID AREAS OF INDIA”

Project

“VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ENHANSING ADAPTIVE

CAPACITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN SEMI-ARID AREAS OF INDIA”

Supported by : Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Global Environment Facility (GEF)Duration: 4 years (2005 to 2009)Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan States

Institutional set-up

National consortium lead

Lead partner is MSSRF

Co-partners are AFPRO and MANAGE

International consortium support services

INFRAS and INTERCOOPERATION Switzerland

12th May ‘06 Basic Project, India Workshop 3

Semi-arid regions ?

• These climates are characterized by the fact that precipitation is less than potential evapotranspiration.

• Characterized by relatively low annual rainfall of 25 to 60 centimeters and having scrubby vegetation with short, coarse grasses; not completely arid.


Why semi-arid area was chosen ?

• Climate extremes are an

expected characteristic of semi-

arid lands.

• The people living in the semi-arid

areas are particularly vulnerable

to droughts, which trigger

frequent subsistence crises --

sharply increasing crop

failures, dislocation, famine,

poverty, increases stratification

and the social inequities.


Peoples VoicesIncrease in migration in our village

is due to lack of rains, the

agricultural labor are migrating to

urban areas.

- Mr. Balaram Reddy, Karimnagar

People are shifting out of agriculture

and taking up other means of

livelihood activities due to lack of

water. In this context food security

has become another important issue

- Mr. Sheshagiri Rao, Bharat

Krishak Samaj Mahabubnagar


Enhancing Adaptive capacity1. The general ability of institutions, systems, and individuals to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences.

2. Most populations know from local history the frequency and likely consequences of extreme climatic events. And most populations in highly variable or extreme climatic zones shape their livelihood systems to buffer against potential catastrophes.


UNFCCC

Mitigation(Kyoto Protocol)

Adaptation

Internal measures

Flexible mechanisms

Joint Implementation

International Emissions Trading

Clean Development Mechanism

Step I: Assessment of impacts and vulnerability

Step III: Adaptation measures

Step II: Capacity building


The process of adaptation

Preparation (incl. training/training needs

evaluation)

Vulnerability assessment

Implementation of adaptation measures

At the appropriated level


Objectives of Policy and Advocacy

• To foster dialogue and improve communication between all kind of interfaces in order to better address climate changes.

• Agree with partners on a common conceptual framework regarding the way forward.

• To ensure bottom-up linkages through policy dialogue at national and international level .


• Nationally support process that would influence the systems within the government, through dialogue on a meaningful platform

• Internationally support process which would lead to simplification of protocols and mechanisms in favor of the poor

• Support to partners for documenting best practices /cases to influence policies


Tran

slat

ing

action

lea

rnin

g re

sults

into

pol

icy

dial

ogue

Levels Intervention areasInception Implementation Outreach

> UNDP-GEF 2nd National Communication Process> Link with GEF projects in the region

> Dialogue with MoEF, MoA> Developing an adapta-tion framework

> Vulnerability "atlas"

> Innovative extension and communication approaches

> Documentation of exi-sting delivery systems, situation analysis,

> Barrier appraisal and identification of im-proved delivery systems> Awareness and capa-city building> Pilot activities, action learning

Phases and possible activities

Developing adapted tools and methods for V&A assessment

> Documentation of exi-sting tools, technologies, approaches to enhance adaptive

Contribution to and par-ticipation in internatio-nal V&A workshops (UNDP, UNFCCC, etc.)

National

State

Policy dialogue, networking

Local, community

Optimized delivery systems (extension services) for su-stainable livelihood systems with focus on water, agri-culture and rural energy

Policy dialogue and assess-ment of vulnerabilities and coping mechanisms and capa-cities

International and subregional


Other national and international partners for selected activitiesSDC - Steering and trust management

National LevelSteering Committee–GOI (Agriculture and MoEF), NGOs, Research Institutions, SDC, other donors, etc.

State LevelAdvisory Committees (for Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan States)–GoAP, NGOs, Research Institutions, District Collector, etc.

National Forum on Advocacy

Vulnerability Atlas by MSSRF

A Website for sharing the learning’s

Policy and Advocacy - Process


V & A Programme - Goal

To secure the livelihoods of rural poor & vulnerable communities by promoting adoption measures that builds & enhance their capacity to better cope with adverse impacts of climate change & by promoting their disaster preparedness


Project Objectives

• To build community level capacities with regards to best practices and technologies in the agriculture, water & energy sector

• To optimize the service delivery system & services at selected sites of AP & Raj

• To promote policy dialogue, & advocacy at different levels


• Process oriented, allowing a multi-level, learning-action-reflection cycle

• Holistic approach (funds, functionaries and functions): systemic livelihoods

• Interlinking levels: community level with state, national, regional, and international level

• Focus on ‘optimising delivery systems' at local community level, i.e. the role of extension services in enhancing the coping capacity of local liveli-hood systems against the adverse impacts of climate change.

Salient features of the V & A Programme


Thematic Focus

Rural Energy Rural Energy (Biomass)(Biomass)

WaterWater

(Availability & (Availability & Quality)Quality)

Agriculture Agriculture (Food Security)(Food Security)


FACILITATIONFACILITATION RESEARCHRESEARCH

ACTIVITYACTIVITY

CAPACITYCAPACITYBUILDINGBUILDING

Field level interventions


• 2005: Inception phase:– Finalise work plan, plan activities, start first

activities

• 2006-2007: Implementation phase– Research, action learning, pilot activities at

community level,

• 2008: Outreach & dissemination phase– Translate action learning and pilot activity results

into policy dialogue.

Duration/Period:


Scope of Activities

• Research

• Capacity Building

• Partnership Building

• Infrastructure Building

• Demonstration of relevant ideas/technologies


Research

Research

Vulnerability Profile

KnowledgeGaps

Appropriate technologies

Situational Analysis

Document-ation of

Best Practices

Review of InstitutionalFunctions,

Policies


Capacity Building

Training

• Institutional Level

• Community Level

Education

• Awareness


V & A ProgrammeAndhra Pradesh

Mahabubnagar District


DISTRICT PROFILE

1. Geographical area : 18.45 Lakhs Ha.2. Population : Male : 17.81 Lakhs

: Female : 17.28 Lakhs: Total : 35.09 Lakhs

3. Literacy : 38.67%4. Forest area : 16%5. Rainfall (Normal) : 604 m.m.6. Cattle population : 19.10 Lakh Cow Units7. All the blocks are declared as Drought Prone

Areas


Rainfall Mahaboonagar District 1952-2003

y = -4.6207x + 851.14

R2 = 0.1374

0

100

200

300

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500

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1300

1951

5219

5253

1953

5419

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1955

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5859

1959

6019

6061

1961

6219

6263

1963

6419

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1965

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6667

1967

6819

6869

1969

7019

7071

1971

7219

7273

1973

7419

7475

1975

7619

7677

1977

7819

7879

1979

8019

8081

1981

8219

8283

1983

8419

8485

1985

8619

8687

1987

8819

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1989

9019

9091

1991

9219

9293

1993

9419

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1995

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9697

1997

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0020

0001

2001

0220

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2003

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2005

0620

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2007

0820

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2009

1020

1011

2011

1220

1213

2013

14


CAUSE OF DROUGHT SITUATION

• Skewed distribution of rainfall – 40% deficit from June-August which is the sowing season

• Depletion of ground water situation

• Untimely heavy rains during Sept – Oct affects the crops

• Lack of Rainfall during November-December adversely affects Rabi sowings


LIVELIHOODS Low productivity of lands and small land holdings leading

to disguised unemployment, increasing the vulnerability. The district is traditionally known for its migrant laborers

one of the important causes are: Non-sustainable traditional occupations Wage rates are low and also women are paid less

than men. About 1.75 lakhs small farmers and 2.94 marginal

farmers are dependent on wage employment. About 3.20 lakhs agricultural laborers who are below

poverty line are also dependent on agricultural wage employment.


Activities at Village level

• Situational Analysis Phase – I

report of Andhra Pradesh is

prepared.

• Situational Analysis Phase – II

Secondary Data

Best Practices / Story lines

Participatory Situational Analysis

Bio-physical Studies

Participatory Action Plan

Capacity Building


Framework for situation analysis

Human / Social Natural / Environmental / Physical Economic / Political

SCENARIO 1

Policies/ Structures Vulnerability Adaptability

Rural Poverty Livelihoods Diversification

Appropriate Skills Water Management

Agriculture Production Water Resources

Energy

Climate Change

Community Empowerment

Bio Diversity


Village level Awareness Campaigns


Participatory Action Planning


Exposure / Awareness - Farmers

• Exposure and awareness field visits - Farmers, Women and youth

Sustainable Agricultural Practices, agricultural implements, farm animals, kitchen gardens, food processing, non-farm livelihood options, Agro-meteorology information, agri-buisness, agri-clinics, non-farm based livelihoods, etc


Water Management action plan with community participation


Soil testing by village youth


Home Gardens


Good Stoves – Community participation in design and adaptation


Good Stove Design

www.bioenergylists.org


Low-Cost Wood Gas Stoves designed with community participation


Village Knowledge Centers

VHF

Information

Knowledge(Locale Specific and Demand Driven)


Establishment of Automatic Weather Stations in the Project Villages


Thank you . .

enhancing adaptive capacity to climate change in semi-arid regions of india

Documents

semiarid areas

semiarid regions of

arid areas of indiasupported

climate extremes

policy dialogue

livelihood systems

enhansing adaptive capacity

adaptation measuresstep