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7/23/2019 English Paper A

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English Paper A

Summary of the Poem Leisure

In this critical summary analysis of the poem "Leisure",we shall discuss various aspects of the poem. The poet

says that man has everything except leisure. In his

opinion man has entangled himself in responsibilities and

worries. Man has no time to enjoy natural beauty around

him. The poet laments that man of today cannot nd any

moment to see numerous beautiful scenes even in broad

day light. !e says the colorful budding owers shine inthe day li#e stars at night but man passes them without

any interest in them.

!e considers that man is devoid of "beauty$s glance".

%nce, man would enjoy the beauty of &ature and

everything would seem in harmony while in the company

of &ature. 'ut for the man of today, &ature has lost all its

beauty. The poet creates a beautiful comparison betweenthe rhythmic beauty of dance and the owers and elds

moving with wind. %nce man found pleasure in the

company of nature, today he is so preoccupied in his

material needs that he cannot turn to nature. !e diverts

his attention from nature for worldly matters. !e prefers

wealth and material gains over treasures of nature.

(obert )rost has put down the same in these words* "Thewoods are dar#, lovely and deep 'ut I have promises to

#eep." The poet expresses sadness over the loss of

human faculty to appreciate beauty without any regard to

nancial or material gain but in this era of practicality and


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wealth focused individuals, the distance between man

and nature is widening which is the cause of certain

psychological and physical ailments which are being

ignored presently.

Tartary Summary

The poet, Walter De La Mare, imagines himself, in this poem as the

Lord of Tartary. Tartary is a land of dream, beauty and fertility. It is

replete with unheard and unseen delights. He desires to hae a bed

made of iory, throne made of beaten gold, !ourt full of dan!ing

pea!o!"s, forests full of roaming tigers and pools teemed with greatfishes.

He imagines himself wearing a robe !lustered with pearls of gold of

green and white !olour, holding a !ured sword in his hand and riding

a !hariot drien by seen #ebras. He is fond of musi! and en$oys harp,

flute and mandolin. He also desires to derie pleasure from the natural

beauty and !harming ob$e!ts of Tartary as %.T.&oleridge puts it in

own way,

Where Alph, The Sacred river, ran

Through caverns, measureless to man

And there were gardens bright with sinuous

rillsWhere blossomed many an incense-beaming

tree.


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The poet e'presses his hidden wish. He wishes to be an absolute

master of Tartary, a far(off land gien the lineaments of a romanti!

land, beautiful, ri!h, fertile and full of delights. Then, he would lead a

lu'urious life. Hid bed would be made of solid gold. )eautiful pea!o!"swould

de!orate his !ourt and his royal $ungles would be full of fier!e roaming

tigers. His beautiful ponds would be full of pretty fish whose fins

would shine in the light of the sun and

Thus ma"e the whole !ourt !olourful and delighting. The poet wishes

to en$oy a life full of !olour, pomp and show if he were the Lord of

Tartary. Then his life would be !hanged altogether. His guards would

blow bugle wheneer the royal meal would be sered. %o his !ourt

would be full of the sounds of bugles and trumpets all the time. During

the eening time, the beauty of the !ourt would be enhan!ed and it

would be illuminated with yellow and red light. Then

li"e the !ourts of the great "ings, the musi! and dan!e would be

presented in his honour.

*ll "inds of musi!al instruments would be played to produ!e sweet

and melodious tunes. If he were the "ing, he would wear the royal

dress de!orated with different !olours of beads and pearls. His robe

would be full of white, golden and green !oloured gems. +arly in the

morning before the waning of the morning star, he would put on his

royal dress adorned with a !ured sword. %een #ebras would drie his

!arriage and thus he would inspe!t his royal estate passing through the

green pat!hes of his dar" forests, as &oleridge says

And here were forests ancient as the hills,

Enfolding Sunny spots of greenery.


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He would be the owner of all the fruits of Tartary land and all the

riers shining in the light of sun would be his. He would be the masterof the hills, alleys, forests and roes. Thus shining stars and the sweet

smelling air, the winding la"es and the birds that are singing in the

!itron trees, all

Would be his sub$e!t. %o he would be able to en$oy all these things

fully.

Through wood and dale the sacred river ran,

Then reached the caverns measureless to man,

And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean.

Woman Work Summary

* women in her daily life hae to wor" ery mu!h, she hae many

responsibilities with her family, so for their welfare she hae to

forget about her happiness and interests.as a women she also hae

many duties li"e !aring of !hildren at that same time repair the

!lothes, !lean the floor, ta"e food to shop, fry the !hi!"en, to dry

the baby, to feed the family members, to !lear the garden, to press

the shirts, to dress the !hildren, to !ut the !ane, to !lean up the

hut, to !are the people who are si!", to pi!" the !otton et!.to

perform the list of these responsibilities she hae to wor" hard

and so she get rid from the !ommon family entertainment ,hen!e

nothing entertain her and get isolated from family happiness.

)esides of the wor"s the beauty of nature li"e sunshine and rain


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always purify her, they gie su!h a feeling that she get energy to

do wor", and only the nature is there to !onsole her, to en!ourage

her. When dew drops fall gently and !ool her brows she feels that

it !onsoles her. but she want to res!ue from this busy world and so

she pleads the storm that with its strongest wind es!ape her from

these burdens and let her float a!ross the s"y till these burdens get

rid from her. %he prays for death howeer rest tonight and wish to

!oer her with gently falling snowfla"es whi!h feel li"e a white

!old i!y "isses. %he !onsiders sun, rain, !uring s"y, mountains,

o!eans, leaf and stone and also star shine, moon glow et!.as her

own sin!e they always stay with her and whi!h !onsole and ma"e

$oy with her.

Patriot into Traitor Summary

-atriot into Traitor is a ery interesting but a tragi! poem, whi!h

fo!uses the rise and fall of leaders in the !ontemporary politi!s. It is a

dramati! monologue. Dramati! monologue is a literary dei!e in whi!h

a !hara!ter freely gies ent to his feelings in front of the audien!e in

order to reeal the inner wor"ing of his mind. He tal"s to the audien!e

aloud and tells us how was a!!laimed at one stage and put to a tragi!

end at another. It is a poem, whi!h e'poses the politi!al !hanges in the

third world !ountries in whi!h patriots are branded as traitor in !oups.

The poet says that $ust a year ago when he entered the !ity, people

wel!omed him warmly and de!orated his paths with roses andmyrtles. There were sounds of bells resounding in the air and people

had flo!"ed together to see the great leader who performed great

deeds for his nation. The people were so happy and e'!ited that if the

leader had demanded the sun, they would hae brought it down from


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the s"ies for him and said, What else do you want This was su!h a

faorable politi!al situation for the leader a year ago.

*fter a year a run, the s!ene is totally different, the most faorite and

popular leader of the nation is branded as traitor. There are no peopleon the housetops now. /ust a palsied few are at the windows loo"ing at

the leader. *ll the people hae gone to the %hambles0 1ate and are

standing at the ery foot of the s!affold to see him die. He is being

ta"en there to be hanged. It is raining heaily and his hands are tied

with rope. His forehead is bleeding be!ause whoeer has a mind

throws stones at him. He undergoes physi!al as well as mental torture.

*fter all this treatment, the leader, howeer, is optimisti! and !onsoles

himself with the remar"s that his seri!es to the nation will bring fruit

in the heaen when he will as" 1od for reward and 1od will redeem

him.

2obert )rowning0s monologue is a superb e'ample of !urrent politi!al

upheaal and !hanged publi! opinion. The writer wants to suggest that

nothing remains the same in the world politi!s. It is a world of self(

interest and selfish people who, for indiidual benefits, may go against

the !ommon good of the !ountry.

The untsman ! Summary

The narratie poem The Huntsman is based on a 3enyan

fol"lore. The poet +dward Lawbury adises us through the story

of a 3enyan hunter, 3agwa who himself be!omes the prey to fate,

to aoid the unne!essary tal". 3agwa was a hunter of lions and he

used to hunt through bush and forest with his spear. 4ne day he

found a human s"ull and as"ed it how it had !ome there in the

forest.


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The s"ull opened its mouth and replied that the habit of tal"ing

had brought it there. He hurriedly went to the "ing0s !ourt and

told the "ing about this mira!ulous dis!oery. The

"ing e'pressed his doubts about the truth of the tale. Instead of

granting 3agwa a pri5e, the "ing !alled out his guards and ordered

two of them to a!!ompany 3agwa and sear!h for the tal"ing s"ull.

The "ing further ordered them to "ill 3agwa if su!h a strange

s"ull was not found there.

3agwa and two guards rode through the $ungle for many days and

nights but they !ould find nothing. *t last, they found a s"ull6

3agwa as"ed it how it had !ome there. )ut the s"ull did notanswer. 3agwa began to implore. )ut the s"ull

remained silent. 7pon this the guards ordered 3agwa to "neel

down and they "illed him in !omplian!e with the "ing0s orders.

*fter it the s"ull opened its mouth and as"ed 3agwa, how he had

!ome there. The dead 3agwa answered that tal"ing brought him

there. In this way the story of 3agwa proed the

old ma'im, Thin" before you spea". 8o doubt useless andirresponsible tal" brings disaster for the tal"atie one.

The poem is a sad e'ample of si!" humour. *fter going through it

we e'perien!e mi'ed feelings of humour and regret at the same

time. 9unny and unfunny aspe!ts of life blended with the

elements of suspense and irony !reate a sho!"ing impa!t. The

poem also des!ribes the attitude of di!tators and !an be !alled

a politi!al satire. *s it is shown that the di!tators neer li"e!ommon people0s tal". They do not beliee in anything without

!ertifying it in their own way. 8arratie style, end stopped lines,

monosyllabi! words and proper stan5a form proide this free


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erse an impressie outloo". The poet is su!!essful in drawing our

attention to the tragi! fa!t of life.

The Solitary "eaper ! Summary

The %olitary 2eaper is a short lyri!al ballad, !omposed of thirty(

two lines and diided into four stan5as. *s the title suggests, the

poem is dominated by one main figure, a Highland girl standingalone in a field haresting grain. The poem is written in the first

person and !an be !lassified as a pastoral, or a literary wor"

des!ribing a s!ene from !ountry life. The eyewitness narration

!oneys the immedia!y of personal e'perien!e, giing the reader

the impression that the poet did not merely imagine the s!ene but

a!tually lied it. Howeer, Wordsworth0s sister, Dorothy, writes in

herRecollections of a Tour in Scotlandthat the idea for The

%olitary 2eaper was suggested to William by an e'!erpt from

Thomas Wil"inson0s Tour in Scotland. %in!e Wordsworth0s poem

is not autobiographi!al, one !an assume that the poet is adopting

a persona, or ta"ing on a fi!tional identity :usually referred to as

the spea"er of the poem;.

The %olitary 2eaper begins with the spea"er as"ing the reader to

behold the girl as she wor"s in the field. The first stan5a is astraightforward des!ription of the s!ene. The girl is standing alone

in the field, !utting grain, and singing a melan!holy strain.

Wordsworth emphasi5es the girl0s solitude by using words su!h as

single, solitary, by she, and alone. %olitaries are !ommon

figures in Wordsworth0s poetry and are usually surrounded by a


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natural enironment. The a!t of reaping alone in the field binds

the girl intimately to the earth. *lso, as the girl sings and the

melody fills the lonely alley, she be!omes almost !ompletely

merged with nature.

The ne't two stan5as des!ribe the spea"er0s rea!tion to the

maiden0s song. The words of the song are in a language un"nown

to him, but he remains transfi'ed by the melody, whi!h seems to

stret!h the limits of time and spa!e. He asso!iates the sweetness

of the reaper0s song with the beautiful !ries of the nightingale and

the !u!"oo, both familiar images of trans!enden!e in 2omanti!

poetry. *s he allows the song to engulf his !ons!iousness, heenisions far(off pla!es and times of long ago. His imagination

transports him from the field in whi!h he stands to the edge of

infinity.

In the fourth stan5a, the spea"er abruptly shifts his attention from

his musings to the s!ene before him. He !ontinues to listen, but

the trans!endent moment is past. He again !alls attention to the

reaper, who is unaware of the spea"er0s presen!e or the effe!t hersong has had on him. *s the spea"er wal"s away from the field,

the song fades from his hearing, but its plaintie melody e!hoes in

his heart and his imagination.

All the World#s a Stage ! Summary

%ha"espeare !onsiders the world a stage and men and women

a!tors on the stage of life. They play seen roles a!!ording to their

age. The first stage, as des!ribed by the poet, is the infant who is

being !arried by a nurse. The infant !ries and omits all the time.


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Later, that infant grows into a s!hoolboy, not willing to attend

s!hool whi!h is the fourth stage of a man0s life. The third stage is

that of a loer who is lost in his thoughts of loe. The loer writes

poetry to his lady0s beauty. In the fourth stage, as he grows older,

he $oins the army and be!omes a soldier. He is physi!ally fit and is

aggressie, short(tempered and ambitious in nature. The fifth

stage shows that with maturity and wisdom, the family man

be!omes a $udge. He is a fair, healthy man full of wisdom. His

loo" is authoritatie and he adises people. The si'th stage is

about the man who has grown old and is seen in a pantaloon and

spe!ta!les. His authoritatie oi!e has grown wea" and his oi!e

trembles as he tal"s.

The last stage is about the senile man who loses his teeth, his

ision and his hearing. *fter this, the man part in the play ends

and he e'its from the stages of his life foreer.

$eparture and Arrival ! Summary

In this idealisti! poem, T.%. +liot wants to reaffirm our faith in

man. 8o doubt, he admits that man has made numerous mista"es

in the past. )ut the poet still beliees that


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that nothing !ould be gained from the hatred and anar!hy of the

past6 therefore, man of today must loo" forward to a brighter

future with the will and wish to helping ea!h other for a better

world tomorrow.

The poet wants this oyage, twentieth !entury, to be safer. Manneeds light of "nowledge and a map to determine the destination.

The poet wants to ma"e this !entury great. He urges us to be


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anishing >illage< was !omposed by a Welsh poet, 2.%.

Thomas who had a deep religious ba!"ground. ?et he is realisti!,

open(minded and !autious in his iews and !on!lusions. This

poem is an elegy on a nearly anished illage abandoned by its

inhabitants due to large(s!ale(migration towards !ities. The poet

e'presses his !on!ern that the basi! unit of human !iili5ation is

being negle!ted to selfishly.

Howeer, in an optimisti! note he hopes for a reial of

the !olourful life and a!tiity of a traditional illage. In the

opening lines the poet presents a gloomy pi!ture of the deserted

illage. There are only a few houses whi!h hae suried

destru!tion. They are also in a miserable !ondition. * small

street $oins a publi! house to a shop. This street ends at the top of

the little hill, whi!h has be!ome all barren. 1rass has !ompletely

disappeared. There is no a!tiity in the illage. The bla!" dog

"illing its fleas in the hot sun has be!ome a symbol of history of

illage.

Life has !ome to a standstill. The whole pla!e is !oered by a sloth

and stagnation. It presents a s!ene of hopeless desolation. The

reason is that all its residents hae shifted to big !ities in sear!h of

better prospe!ts. The poet is pained to see that this basis of

human !iili5ation is being destroyed by its founders.

Howeer, the poet finds one sign of life and hope in the illage.The girl who wanders from door to door is a symbol of reial.

The poet hopes that the illage will !ertainly !ome out of its

present dismal !ondition. It will be!ome !enter of a!tiity again.

The tone of the poet is nostalgi!, wistful and sad. He is grieed at

the de!line of beautiful and gay rural !ulture. He loes illage life


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and firmly beliees that the deserted illage will regain its itality

and dynamism life on!e again.

When & have 'ears ! Summary

3eats= spea"er !ontemplates all of the things that he wants in life

namely, su!!ess, fame, and loe. &=mon, is that too mu!h to as"

Well, as it turns out, the spea"er is pretty sure that it is. %ee, he

doesn=t want $ust any old fame. He wants 9ame. &apital lettersand neon lights. :4"ay @ so they didn=t hae neon lights in the

early ABth !entury, but you get our point.; He doesn=t want $ust

any old loe, either. He wants that soul(stripping, earth(sha"ing,

s"y(tumbling on!e(in(a(lifetime sort of rapture. To sum it all up,

he wants to be the star of pretty mu!h eery romanti! moie eer.

Here=s the problem the spea"er is also pretty sure that his life will

end long before he=ll be able to a!hiee any of these goals. That=s

why his des!ription of his desires is so tinged with desperation @

!han!es are, his life will be oer far, far too Cui!"ly.

This poem !harts both the spea"er=s desires and his despair :in

that order;. &ome to thin" of it, the poem doesn=t e'a!tly end on a

happy note. )ut hey, what=s a good melodrama without a little

tragedy

(ubla (han ! Summary


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This poem des!ribes anadu, the pala!e of 3ubla 3han, a Mongol

emperor and the grandson of 1enghis 3han. The poem=s spea"er

starts by des!ribing the setting of +mperor=s pala!e, whi!h he !alls

a


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Snake ! Summary

Li"e a green ana!onda found deep in the *ma5on $ungle, thesna"e in this poem is a biggie. In fa!t, he is thebiggie. The way

you loo" at the sna"e really !olors your whole approa!h to the

poem. 9or that reason, we !an say that this


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Explanation with reference to the context:

8ew ?ear 2esolutions

"eference)These lines hae been ta"en for the poem 8ew ?ear

2esolutions written by +li5abeth %well.

*onte+t)The poetess writes about the 8ew ?ear resolutions

before start of the 8ew ?ear. The pro!ess of self(e'amination

ennobles and purifies one0s soul. The poetess wants to ta"e sto!"

of her past misdeeds and wrong flaws in rea!tion manner. %he

wants to lead a perfe!t and better life than preious year.+planation) (4-6)

The poetess wishes to ta"e sto!" of her life. %he is determined that

she !he!" herself twi!e daily twi!e daily. %he will possibly !he!"

herself in the morning or at night. In the morning, before starting

her wor", she will loo" at her progress and her deeds. *nything,

whi!h is !he!"ed twi!e in daily, !annot be faulty.

The poetess wants to purify herself from all preious sin, blunders

and mista"es be!ause she wants to lead pure and !lean life in ne't

year. If a person !he!"s himself twi!e daily he !an get rid of all

sins and mista"es.


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The "ebel)"eference) These lines hae been ta"en from the poem 4ne *rt

written by +li5abeth )ishop.

*onte+t) In this poem the poetess wants to tea!h us that the art of

losing things is ne!essary to lead a pleasant life. We should not bother,

whether things are lost or snat!hed from us. The loss of door("eys or

some other possession should be a!!epted as a part of life. 8o loss

should disturb us6 we should ta"e our defeats and losses lightly.

+planation) (5thStanza)

In these lines, also the poetess Cuotes some other e'amples. %he says

that she lost two dearest !ities and more than that she left two ery

dear riers and also some property and estate that she owned. Inaddition, she lost een a whole !ontinent, when she migrated

from 8orth *meri!a to %outh *meri!a. %he says that she remembers

all these things but

their loss is not a disaster. %he means to say that sometimes een "ings

hae to leae their dominions but this does not bring any deastation.


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The oison Tree)

"eference) These lines hae been ta"en from the poem The -oisonTree written by William )la"e.

*onte+t) The -oison Tree by William )la"e proides a !lear lesson

on how to handle anger both with a friend and enemy. The narration

is first person point of iew with a nameless spea"er.It ma"es a

powerful statement about how !onfli!t should be handled. In his

poem, )la"e warns about the ill effe!ts of holding mali!e inside

oneself. The poem is a metaphor for what happens when one allowsanger to grow within.

+planation) (4__8)

)la"e further symboli5es this in the ne't two stan5as. He appears

to metaphor the repression of anger and hatred to Ka poison tree0,

thus giing it an identity. The personifi!ation in * -oison Tree

e'ists both as a means by whi!h the poem=s metaphors are

reealed, supported, and as a way for )la"e to fore!ast the greater

illustration of the wrath. The wrath the spea"er feels is not

dire!tly personified as a tree, but as something that grows slowly

and bears fruit. In the opening stan5a the spea"er states, My

wrath did grow. The spea"er later des!ribes the liing nature of

the wrath as one whi!h, grew both day and night, and, bore an

apple bright. This !omparison by personifi!ation of wrath to a

tree illustrates the spea"er=s idea that, li"e the slow and steadygrowth of a tree, anger and wrath gradually a!!umulate and form

$ust as mighty and deadly as a poisoned tree.


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ecause & could not stop for $eath)

+planation)

Di!"inson wastes no time warming up in this poem. %he

immediately lets the reader "now that the poem is going to

be about death.


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After Apple-icking)

+planation):Lines th;

I am oertired E 4f the great harest I myself desired. If there

has been failure or too great a strain on the spea"er, it is be!ause

the spea"er has desired too great a harest. He saw an impossible

Cuantity of fruit as a possibility. 4r he saw a merely in!redible

Cuantity of fruit as possibility and nearly a!hieed it :at the !ost of

physi!al and mental e'haustion;.

awk#s /onologue)

*onte+t)

Ted Hughes, using the persona of a wild bird, dis!usses the

psy!hology and !ruel nature of the power drun". * man in power

is on top of all affairs. He says his


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History is eident that man be!omes blind to his faults and errors

while in power. He holds people in !ontempt. He !rushes the rules

and regulations under his feet. He is aboe law.

olitics)

*onte+t)

In the poem, there are many opposites that appear to !hallenge

ea!h other age and youth, intelle!t and emotion, and male and

female. The impli!ation that the young are in ea!h other=s arms, to

8i!holas Meihui5en, highlights the poet=s age and its aderse

relationship to the youth of the poem=s loers. *s the poet spea"sof turning his inability to turn his


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a position in


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Summaries of the following Short Stories 0 1ne-Act

lays)

"appaccini#s $aughter)

The story is set in -adua, Italy, in a distant and unspe!ified past.

9rom his Cuarters, 1ioanni 1uas!onti, a young student of letters,

loo"s at )eatri!e, the beautiful daughter of Dr. 1ia!omo

2appa!!ini, a s!ientist who wor"s in isolation. )eatri!e is !onfined

to the lush and lo!"ed gardens, whi!h are filled with poisonous

plants grown by her father. 1ioanni noti!es )eatri!e=s strangely

intimate relationship with the plants as well as the withering of

fresh flowers and the death of an inse!t when e'posed to her s"inor breath. Haing fallen in loe, 1ioanni enters the garden and

meets with )eatri!e a number of times, while ignoring his mentor,

-rofessor -ietro )aglioni, who warns him that 2appa!!ini is up to

no good and that he and his wor" should be aoided. 1ioanni

dis!oers that )eatri!e, haing been raised in the presen!e of

poison, is poisonous herself. )eatri!e urges 1ioanni to loo" past

her poisonous e'terior and see her pure and inno!ent essen!e,!reating great feelings of doubt in 1ioanni. He begins to suffer

the !onseCuen!es of his en!ounters with the plants @ and with

)eatri!e @ when he dis!oers that he himself has be!ome

poisonous6 after another meeting with )aglioni, 1ioanni brings a

powerful antidote to )eatri!e so that they !an be together, but the

antidote "ills )eatri!e rather than getting rid of her poisonous

nature.


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The 2ew *onstitution)

The story The 8ew &onstitution !oneys the idea that a little

"nowledge is a dangerous thing. It also tells the reader about the

true feelings of the !ommon people of India for the )ritish.7stad Mangu is a tongawala and lies in Lahore. He is illiterate.

He is in the habit of oerhearing his fares. 4n!e he oerhears from

his fares about the !ommunal iolen!e. He is worried and tells his

friends about the reason of this !ommunal iolen!e.

He hates the +nglish be!ause of their arrogan!e and insulting

behaior. 4n!e a gora soldier insults him and 7stad bears the

insult silently. In rage, he abuses the +nglish.4n!e he oerhears about the introdu!tion of the new !onstitution.

He is ery happy. He returns to the Tonga stand and tells his

!ompanions about the news. *fter that, he oerhears about the

!hanges. He oerhears that the Indians would be free. He thought

that the new !onstitution would for!e the +nglish to go ba!" to

+ngland. The Indian would hae ele!ted assemblies. They would

hae eCual rights. He waits for the introdu!tion of the new

!onstitution ery impatiently.

4n A *pril, he gets up early in the morning and !omes on road to

see the new !onstitution in for!e. Howeer, he is disappointed to

see no !hange. He meets a 1ora soldier there and pi!"s up a

Cuarrel with him. He beats the 1ora soldier. Two poli!e offi!ers

lo!" him up. They tell him that nothing has !hanged and it is the

same old !onstitution.

reakfast)

The story )rea"fast throws light on the fa!t that the most

important thing is !ontentment. If man has !ontentment, he !an

be happy een if he has no house, no permanent $ob, and no good


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food to eat.

4n!e, the writer is going somewhere. 4n his way, he sees a young

woman wor"ing outside her tent. The writer is feeling !old and

hunger. He goes to the tent. He finds the woman preparing

brea"fast.

*n old man and a young man !ame out of the tent. They offer the

writer to $oin them for brea"fast. The writer agrees. *ll of them sit

on the ground and en$oy a good brea"fast. The old man and the

young man than" 1od for that good brea"fast. They hae been

eating good food only for twele days, but they are happy.

*fter the brea"fast, the young man offers the writer a $ob, but the

writer denies and departs saying than"s for the brea"fast. *t the

end, the writer e'presses his feelings.

The appy rince)

The story The Happy -rin!e has at least three themes. The first

theme of the story is that outward beauty is nothing. It is $ust a

show. The real beauties are loe and sa!rifi!es. The se!ond theme

is that loe and sa!rifi!e are two saing for!es. The third theme isthat there is great gap between the ri!h and the poor, the rulers

and the masses.

When the happy prin!e is alie, he lies in a pala!e where sorrow

is not allowed to enter. He lies a life of happiness. Howeer,

when he dies his !ourtiers set up his statute on a tall !olumn.

The statue of the happy prin!e sees all the misery of the !ity. He

weeps when he sees people in trouble. He wants to help them.* swallow stays at the feet of the statue of the happy prin!e for the

night. 4n happy prin!e0s reCuest, he prolongs his stay and helps

the poor with the ruby and the sapphires. When the happy prin!e

!annot see any more, the swallow de!ides to stay with the happy

prin!e foreer. The he helps the people with the gold !oering of


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the happy prin!e. *t the end, he dies frost. The heart of the happy

prin!e also brea"s.

4n!e, the mayor and the town !oun!ilors pass by the stature of

the happy prin!e. They are sho!"ed to see it without ruby,

sapphires, and gold !oering. It loo"s ugly without them. They

pull it down and de!ide to ma"e another statue. The heart of the

happy prin!e not melt in the furna!e and the wor"ers throw it on

the dust heap where the dead swallow is already lying. *n angel

!omes and ta"es both the heart and the dead %wallow to 1od as

two pre!ious things.

The 2ecklace)The story The 8e!"la!e is about the fa!t that een a small thing

!an !hange the life of a person. &han!e or fate plays ery

important role in human life. It is more powerful than human

resolution. It is man0s destiny.

Mathilda is the !entral !hara!ter of the story. %he was ery pretty.

%he thought that she was born in the family of !ler"s by the error

of destiny. Her husband, Losiel was also a !ler".%he belieed that she was born for all the lu'uries of life. %he did

not li"e her poor house. %he always dreamed of a big house.

4ne day her husband brought an initation !ard for a ball at the

residen!e of the Minister of +du!ation. %he was not happy at the

initation be!ause she had no good dress to wear at the party.

Loisel gae her NN fran!s to buy the dress. Howeer, she was still

unhappy. 8ow she wanted some $ewels to wear.%he went to her friend to borrow some $ewel. %he borrowed a

ne!"la!e. %he went to the party and en$oyed it. 4n her return, she

lost the ne!"la!e. Her husband tried to find it but failed. Later

they borrowed money and bought a new ne!"la!e to repla!e the

lost one.


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8ow Loisel wor"ed day and night to return the borrowed money.

Mathilda dis!harged the maidserant and did eerything of the

household by herself.

They were able to return the money after ten years. 8ow Mathilda

had lost all her beauty. %he had !hanged so mu!h that her friend

!ould not re!ogni5e her. Mathilda told her the whole story but her

friend told her that the ne!"la!e she had borrowed was not real.

The $uchess and the 3eweller)

The story The Du!hess and the /eweler refle!ts the +nglish

so!iety of writer0s time. It was an age of !hange. The high(ups

were !oming down be!ause of their moral de!aden!e and the!ommoners were !oming up.

4n!e 4lier )a!on was ery poor and lied in a filthy, little alley.

He wor"ed ery hard and used fair and unfair means to be!ome

the ri!hest $eweler of the +ngland. He en$oys his present position.

He is suffering from inferiority !omple'. There is a great

differen!e between his present and past !ondition. He has be!ome

so important that ea!h day he re!eies initation !ards from the

aristo!ra!y of the !ity. He has be!ome ery ri!h, but he is so

greedy that he wants more and more wealth.

4ne day the Du!hess of Lambourne !omes to sell some fa"e

pearls. %he indu!es him into buying those fa"e pearls ery

!leerly. %he uses her daughter Diana as bait. %he also inites him

to the party where all the aristo!ra!y will be present.

4lier )a!on buys the fa"e pearls be!ause he wants to attend the

party and spend the wee"end with Diana. He loes Diana ery

mu!h. )esides, he wants to moe among aristo!rati! !ir!les.


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He signs the !heCue for twenty thousand pounds. The Du!hess

ta"es the !heCue and leaes. Later, he as"s pardon of the pi!ture

of his mother.

The 'ly)

The 9ly is a story told primarily through the eyes of the boss,

the protagonist, who is des!ribed not by name but by fun!tion.

The story has two parts. In the first part, Mr. Woodifield :whom

the boss thin"s of as old Woodifield;, retired sin!e his stro"e

and woman(dominated, isits his friend the boss, who though,fie years older than Woodifield, is still in !harge of the firm.

Woodifield and the boss hae one e'perien!e in !ommon )oth

lost sons in World War I.

The boss en$oys showing Woodifield his rede!orated offi!e and

beneolently offering him some whis"ey. Then Woodifield, who

has momentarily forgotten what he meant to tell the boss,

remembers. His daughters hae been in )elgium to see the graeof their brother, Woodifield0s son, and they hae also seen that of

the boss0s son. *fter Woodifield reports that the !emetery is well

"ept, he leaes, and the first part of the story is !on!luded.

9eeling that he must weep, the boss tells the !owed messenger,

Ma!ey, to gie him a half hour alone. He feels as if he !an see his

son in the grae. Howeer, although he muses that his life has

been meaningless sin!e the death of his promising only son,whom he was grooming to ta"e oer the business, the boss !annot

weep.

*t this point, the boss sees a fly in the in"pot, pulls it out, and

puts it on a blotter, where he pro!eeds to torture it, pla!ing one


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drop of in" on it at a time and repeating the operation eery time

the fly seems to hae e'tri!ated itself and gained hope. +en

though he admires the fly and !heers it on, the boss !ontinues to

drop in" on it until at last the fly dies. He feels miserable, but he

!annot remember what he was thin"ing about before he began his

e'periment with the fly.

A assion in the $esert)

The narrator and his woman friend are leaing a wild animal

show. The woman wonders aloud how Mr. Martin, the animal

tamer, is able to perform tri!"s with dangerous wild animals. The

narrator, who has learned of Mr. Martin0s se!rets from a soldier,suggests that he !an e'plain the mystery, but hesitates to do so

erbally. He finally !on!edes, after mu!h begging and soli!itation,

to write the solution out for her. The ne't day, he sends her a

strange story about a soldier from 8apoleon0s inading army, who

is fleeing from his +gyptian !aptors, sear!hing for his regiment in

the +gyptian desert. He stumbles into a !ae to ta"e refuge for the

night. When a female panther returns to this !ae after hunting,she snuggles up ne't to the sleeping soldier and preents him

from leaing as he had planned. *fraid that the panther will

eentually "ill him, the soldier thin"s only of preempting its

atta!" or of es!aping.

*fter spending seeral days together, the soldier and the panther

deelop a mutual, eroti!ally !harged, affe!tion. The soldier, for

e'ample, shows his amorous feelings by referring to the pantheras his mistress and by !alling her DarlingOthe ni!"name of his

first loer. The soldier also !aresses the panther, at one point

!ausing her tail to stand oluptuously ere!t. Pui!"ly

understanding the positie effe!t of these !aresses on the


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panther0s temperament, the soldier redoubles his efforts until he

is sure that her passions are !ompletely sated, leaing him safe in

her presen!e. The soldier !an be assured of his su!!ess be!ause as

he finishes his !aressing, the panther returns her affe!tion and

lets loose an orgasmi! sound des!ribed as one of those purrs by

whi!h !ats e'press pleasure.

+entually, this imaginary loe affair ends iolently. The soldier

plunges his dagger into the panther0s ne!" when he suspe!ts that

she is about to deour him. The mortally wounded animal rolls on

the ground, !rying plaintiely to the soldier6 !uriously, she shows

no sign of hostility or engean!e. The soldier reali5es he musthae misinterpreted the panther0s intentions, and he e'presses his

most profound sorrow.

The ear)

The play The )ear is a far!e. It is full of many absurd situations

and remar"s. There are three main !hara!ters in the play and they

all ma"e us laugh with their absurd behaior and !omments.

-opoa is a widow. Her husband died seen months ago, but she

is still in mourning. Her serant, Lu"a adises her to gie up her

mourning. He adises her to see her neighbors, but she says that

she will "eep on mourning until her death.

In the meanwhile, %mirno !omes to ta"e ANN roubles from

-opoa. Her husband used to buy oat from him. -opoa tells him

that her steward is out and she will pay him the day aftertomorrow.

Howeer, %mirno insists on ta"ing the money that day. He

behaes rudely. He een ma"es fun of -opoa0s mourning and her

state of mind. -opoa also be!omes rude. They spea" against ea!h


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other0s se' and use insulting words. %mirno thin"s that he has

been insulted. He !hallenges -opoa to fight a duel.

-opoa a!!epts the !hallenge and brings her husband0s reoler.

Howeer, she does not "now how to fire. %he as"s %mirno totea!h her how to fire. The situation !hanges and %mirno is

impressed by her boldness and beauty. He says that he does not

want to fight the duel. He e'presses his loe for her. He offers her

his hand.

9irst, she insists on fighting, but then as"s him to go. %he !hanges

her de!ision repeatedly and then de!ides to marry him. When

Lu"a returns with other serants to beat %mirno, he is surprisedto see them tou!hing ea!h other.


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Summaries of the following ssays)

akistan and the /odern World)


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e'plosion. They established -a"istan for pra!ti!ing these beliefs.

When -a"istan !ame into being, it had no resour!es. It had no

!apital and military eCuipment. It was allotted an army whose

personal was spread far and wide. Its share of military eCuipment

was not deliered to it. Within a !ouple of months of the !reation

of -a"istan, seen million homeless refugees were drie out of

India. The -roblem of rehabilitating then was also a big one. Had

it not been the unity of -a"istani as, they would hae floundered.

Due to the unity and determination of the people, these problems

were soled and -a"istan made surprising progress. The

-a"istanis hae some duties to themseles. *s a free nation, they

must maintain their freedom. 9reedom has no true alue for

!ommon man, if it does not mean freedom from want, from

disease and from ignoran!e. This is the man tas" whi!h they must

perform, if they want to ta"e rightful position in the world. Haing

firm faith in the ideology of -a"istan, they must ta"e ma"e

progress in the field of s!ien!e and te!hnology. )a!"ward nations

of *sia want to progress in eery wal" of life, so the western world

must demonstrate that true demo!ra!y is international and itmust allow them to share the great fund of "nowledge, s"ill and

e'perien!e. Without their progress world will not be able to wal"

properly. %o LiaCuat *li 3han hoped that the *meri!ans regards

the emergen!e of the demo!ra!y of -a"istan and its progress and

future deelopment, as being of great importan!e in *sia, and

strength of -a"istan is a happy augury for pea!e.


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The clipse)

KThe +!lipse0 is a well(written essay by >irginia Woolf. It is a self(

witnessed a!!ount of a solar e!lipse whi!h happened to ta"e pla!e

in the northern parts of +ngland on a morning of /une. The essayshows the loe of writer for nature and highlights the importan!e

of sun for us. The writer thin"s that all the !olours of earth are

be!ause of sun.

It is the sunlight whi!h ma"es the earth !olourful, gay and lie. If

there is no sun, the earth would be dead. The e!lipse whi!h is

dis!ussed in the essay was ta"en pla!e on a morning of /une AQN.

-eople were ery enthusiasti! and eager to wat!h this K!hange of8ature0. 9rom eery no!" and !orner of the !ountry, people were

going to the northern area from where they !ould wat!h this s!ene

more !learly. Trains were full of passengers who were going to

that pla!e. Many groups of !ars and other means of transport

were seen on the roads moing towards the northern parts. *ll

were an'ious to obsere the e!lipse by himself. The writer herself

and other people rea!hed on the stone hedge whi!h was thetemple of sun(worshippers. When the e!lipse started, a !loud

began to !oer the sun. Its light and brightness started to fade.

&olours began to disappear from the earth. The blue !hanged into

purple, pin" fa!ed grew green. The light turned into shadows and

shadows began to be!ome dar"er and dar"er. Then with the

passage of time, as the e!lipse !ompleted, light !ompletely went

out. The earth seemed to be dead and the sun loo"ed li"e as"eleton. )ut this lasted only for a short period. Then the sun tore

the !louds and showed its one !orner. * ray of hope glittered with

the ray of sunlight. The sun seemed to be struggling to get rid of

the !louds of e!lipse. )y and by the light of sun grew its brightness


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restoring the !olours and warmth of earth. 9inally the sun shone

with full fa!e and earth again turned into a !olourful liing thing.

Whistling of irds)

KWhistling of )irds0 is ery tou!hing essay whi!h moes our

imagination. The writer has presented a !ontrast between %pring

season and Winter season in it. The allegory of seasons has been

des!ribed so masterfully that it "eeps on gripping our attention

throughout the essay.

Life is a !ontinuous pro!ess6 seasons also moe in a !y!le and

follow ea!h other. Winter is the symbol of death while spring isthe symbol of life. When winter season !omes, eerything begins

to die out. Leaes of trees begin to wither. There is frost

eerywhere. )irds die out and their remains in the bushes

and ground !ast the shadows of death. Death seems to hoer all

about but this lasts for only sometime then the !hange !omes. It is

the arrial of spring season whi!h is the symbol of life. Things

beaten by winter start to re!oer and restore their life. )irds forget

the remains of dead and whistle to wel!ome the spring and new

life. The bran!hes of trees gie birth to new leaes and greenery

starts to rule. 9rost melts away and gies way to rays of life.

2agasaki August 4, 5467)

The essay is written as an attempt to point out the deterioration

and destru!tion of atomi! weapons. The writer has narrated the

s!ene of destru!tion whi!h happened after the atta!" of atomi!bomb on 8agasa"i by *meri!a.

When this was happened, the writer himself was there and

witnessed it personally. He heard the oi!e of a plane and then the

smo"e and fire was eerywhere. The roofs of the buildings swung


36/40

away, grass burnt into bla!" and people either died or in$ured

badly. The parts of their bodies, spotted with their blood, were

s!attered on the ground. Death was mar!hing eerywhere.

%plendid building had got the shape of ruins. * number of

ambulan!es were running on the roads to ta"e the people to the

hospitals. %u!h was the s!ene of destru!tion in8agasa"i after the

atta!" of atomi! bomb on it. In fa!t the writer has gien in his

essay the pi!ture of this horrible atta!" to ma"e the world reali5e

the after effe!ts of the use of atomi! weapons. He seems to be

giing a message to all of us that atomi! energy may be useful in

some ways but as far as a war is !on!erned neer again should

these terrible nu!lear weapons be used, no matter what happens.

4nly when the man"ind renoun!es the use of these nu!lear

weapons, will the souls of my friends rest in pea!e.

/y 8randfather)

The essay 9/y 8randfather9by W.). ?eats basi!ally presents

the memories of writer=s !hildhood, espe!ially related to maternal.

Howeer, greater part of the essay reeals a !hara!ter analysis of?eats= grandfather and grandmother.

The writer says that his grandfather,William olle+ 'en,

was a man of his own nature. Though he was neer harsh or

un"ind to him, yet it was a pra!ti!e to fear and praise him.

-hysi!ally he was ery strong besides haing a hard temper. He

!ould een handle the burglars himself instead of going to the law.

)eing the only son of his parents, he had ery few friends. Thisshows his nature of remaining alone, though he

has a!Cuaintan!e with some famous people. *ll his !hildren were

afraid of their proud father.


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*s far as ?eats= grandmother is !on!erned, she was totally

different sort of !hara!ter. %he was "ind(hearted, !onsiderate and

helpful by nature. Though she on!e punished him be!ause he was

playing with a serant, yet he always loed to be in her !ompany.

Moreoer, she had a fantasti! aestheti! nature and admirer of art.

Her room was beautifully de!orated with different paintings. %he

always too" "een interest in loo"ing after her garden. In short, she

had a personality of her own and eerybody loed and admired

her.

These were the writer=s iews about his grandfather and

grandmother. ?eats has in!luded a !omparison of their !hara!tersto magnify the salient features of ea!h !hara!ter. This !omparison

also shows the differen!e between man and woman, parti!ularly

old ones.

/y Tailor)

The moral of the essay, My Tailor is that we should try to

understand our fellow beings and try to share the worries of our

fellow beings spe!ially the !ommon professionals around us. We

often go to so many people around us to buy or get prepared

something for us but we "eep ourseles restri!ted to the business

matters. We ta"e them for me!hani!al wor"ers and neer try to

ta"e them as a Kman0.

These men also "eep a s!reen of professional dealings and

manners on them and do not show their real personality to us.

That is what Lea!o!" has presented in his essay, My Tailor0. He

tells us about his tailor in a funny way. He des!ribes his ways to

tal" and deal, habits and a!tions in a mo!"ing way. )ut towards

the end of the essay he tells us that when he learnt that his tailor

was dead, he got a sho!". 4nly then he understood him as a


38/40

!ommon man and !ame aware of his worries and hardships.

When the tailor was alie, the writer had neer tried to "now

about his real life. )ut after his death he felt sorry for him and

regretted his formal dealings with him. He has not mentioned any

parti!ular moral lesson or adi!e in the essay. He has simply

des!ribed the !hara!ter s"et!h of the tailor and has let us draw the

moral ourseles. *nd the best possible moral in this essay is surely

that we should not restri!t our dealings with others to the

business only.

The eauty &ndustry)

4erall resear!h indi!ates that BNR of women are dissatisfiedwith their appearan!e. In his essay 9The eauty

&ndustry9*ldous Hu'ley des!ribes the women of modern world

who indulge themseles in the habit of using e'!ess of !osmeti!s

by using a litera!y dei!e, comic irony. In order to ma"e his

point of iew for!eful and impressie, he has mi'ed humour with

irony.

)y humour we mean presenting something in the most

ridi!ulous manner, whereas irony is used to say something and

suggest something else. The writer has employed these two

literary terms Cuite artisti!ally to !riti!i5e the modern women,

who use !osmeti!s $ust to loo" attra!tie.

The writer humorously atta!hes the priilege of being attra!tie

and beautiful to the feminine side and gies the figure of AGN

million pounds whi!h is used on this a!tiity, almost twi!e the

reenue of India. He humorously says that it is all be!ause of the

ra!e to loo" attra!tie. Howeer, he, ery ironi!ally says that

today=s women try to be more attra!tie and less irtuous than

their grandmothers. His ironi!al but a bit humorous remar"s that


39/40

the !ampaign for more physi!al beauty seems to be both a

tremendous su!!ess and lamentable failure, are full of meaning

and purpose.

In short, in an ironi!al and humorous manner, the writer hastried to !ondemn the negatie approa!h of women towards life.

achelor:s $ilemma)

The essay


40/40

)ut the problem with both of them is that they are not satisfied

with themseles. They always need true loe but seldom get and

always get what they do not want.

In short, these are some !ommon problems fa!ed by an*meri!an ba!helor as e'pressed in this essay.

english paper a

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