english grammar part 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Grammar: The Basics
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A vase or two faces?
Which image do you see?
A young girl’s face or an old woman’s face?
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This or That ?
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Objective
Understand the difference between SVO / SOV
Use the rule effectively for Sentence construction
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Sentences Construction
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Subject +Verb+Object
I + eat + food
Subject +Object +Verb
I + food + eat
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Sentence Structure
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Objective
Identify the commonly made mistakes while
speaking in English
To increase fluency in English
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Gamer Grammar
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Building Blocks
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Noun
Noun: is a word used as the name, animal, place, or thing.
Person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary
Place: home, office, town, countryside
Animal: dog, cat, horse, monkey
Thing: book, pen, room, tree
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Parts Of Speech
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NounTypes Of Nouns
Common Noun
Proper Noun
Collective Noun
Abstract Noun
Countable / Uncountable Nouns
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Noun
Common Noun
Is a name given in common to
every person or thing of the
same class or kind.
E.g.
City, man, boat, and radio
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Noun
Proper Noun
Name of a specific person, place
or thing.
E.g.
Eiffel Tower, India,
Mr. Will Smith, Nokia
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Noun Collective Noun
Name of a number ( or collection) of persons or things
taken together and spoken of as a whole.
E.g.
A Crowd -a collection of people
An Army - collection of soldiers
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Noun Abstract Noun
Is usually the name of a quality, action, or state.
E.g.
Quality - kindness, darkness, honesty
Action - laughter, theft
State - sleep, sickness
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Noun Countable Noun
(or countables) are the names of objects, people, etc. that we can count.
E.g. book, pen, apple, boy
Uncountable noun
(or uncountables) are the names of things which cannot count.
E.g. milk, sugar, gold, oil
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Noun
Lisa works as a programmer at Microsoft.
Let's have lunch at McDonalds.
Mc DonaldsMc Donalds
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Noun The sun sheds it’s beams on rich and poor alike.
Edward was a great king.
The rose smells sweet.
A flock of sheep is passing by.
George was a brave soldier.
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Fun time
Lets play Name, Place, Animal, Thing with a difference
Proper Noun Common Noun Collective Noun Abstract Noun
Peter Postman Poultry Prayer
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Name, Place, Animal, Thing
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Pronoun
Pronoun: is a word used instead of a noun.
E.g.
Tim is absent, because he is ill.
This book is mine.
It is doubtful whether he will come for the party.
Bob is a kind boy. He has lent his bicycle to Alice.
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PronounE.g.
Do you think Mary is pretty? I think Mary is beautiful.
With pronouns, we can say:
Do you think Mary is pretty? I think she is beautiful.
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Pronoun Personal Pronoun:
I, we, you, he, (she, it), are called Personal Pronouns because they stand for three persons.
E.g.
The person speaking –This is my book
The person spoken to – Those are your books
The person spoken of- That is her book
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Pronoun Indefinite Pronoun
Refers to noun that are indefinite.
E.g.
One evening a beggar came to my door.
Somebody stole the mangoes.
Anybody
Each
Either
None
Someone
One
Few
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Pronoun
Relative Pronoun- such as that, who, which, whose and whom
which give extra information about the subject.
E.g.
The woman who interviewed me was very friendly.
I can't stand dogs that bark loudly.
This, That
These, Those
Who, Whom
Whose, Which
What
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Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun
Pronouns combined with –self or –selves
to emphasize the subject of the verb.
E.g.
I hurt myself.
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Ourselves
Themselves
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Pronoun
Person and Number Subjective Possessive Subjective
First Person Singular I Mine Me
First Person Plural We Ours Us
Second Person Singular You Yours You
Second Person Plural You Yours You
Third Person Singular He / she / it His / hers / its Him / her / it
Third Person Plural They Theirs They
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Adjectives An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun, pronoun or another adjective. An adjective
"qualifies" or "modifies" a noun. Adjectives can be used before a noun or after certain verbs. We can often use two or more adjectives together.
E.g.
A big car
I like Chinese food
It is a tough decision
A beautiful young French lady
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AdjectivesAdjective Patterns:
Adjectives can come before noun: a new car
Adjectives can come after verbs: such as be, become, seem, look, etc.: that
car looks fast
They can be modified by adverbs: a very expensive car
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Fun Time
Hi! I’m Witty
William
Hi! This is my
friend Witty
William And I am
Energetic Esther
Hi! That’s Witty
William, this is
Energetic Esther and I
am Helpful Henry
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Name Chain
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Verb
Verb: is a word that tells something
about a person or thing.
E.g.
The sun shines brightly.
Harry laughs.
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VerbTypes of Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs
Regular Verbs
Irregular Verbs
Modal Verbs
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Verb
Auxiliary Verb: ‘To Do’, ‘Be’ and ‘Have’ are the English auxiliary verbs /
helping verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to show
tenses.
Modal Verb: Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility,
intention, obligation and necessity.
E.g. Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should
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Verb
Regular Verb: A regular verb is one that follows the pattern of taking -ed for
the past simple and past participles.
E.g. walk / walked / walked
Irregular Verb: An irregular verb is one that does not take the -ed ending for
the Past Simple and Past Simple forms. Some verbs do not change.
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Verb Irregular Verbs
Base Form Past Tense Past Participle
Shut
Read
Shut
Read
Shut
Read
Sit
Build
Sat
Built
Sat
Built
Know
See
Knew
Saw
Known
Seen
Types of Verbs
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VerbCharacteristics of Verbs
Verbs usually come after the subject of the sentence.
E.g. Chris paints well.
Verbs must agree in person (first, second, etc.) and number (singular and plural)
with the subject of the sentence.
E.g. She sings sweetly.
They sing sweetly.
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Adverb Adverb - An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. An
adverb "qualifies" or "modifies" a verb. But adverbs can also
modify adjectives, or even other adverbs.
E.g.
The man ran quickly.
Tara is really beautiful.
The Cell phone works very well.
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AdverbCharacteristics of Adverb
Function
The main job of an adverb is to modify (give more information about) verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.
Modify a verb:
- John speaks loudly. (How does John speak?)- Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?)- She never smokes. (When does she smoke?)(In the following examples, the adverb is in red and the word that it modifies is in purple.)
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Adverb2. Form
3. Many adverbs end in -ly.
E.g. quickly, softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly.
But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs.
E.g. "Friendly", is an adjective.
Some adverbs have no particular form.
E.g. well, fast, very, never, always, often, still
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Adverb3. Position
Adverbs have three main positions in the sentence:
Front (before the subject):
- Now we will study adverbs.
Middle (between the subject and the main verb):
- We often study adverbs.
End (after the verb or object):
- We study adverbs carefully.
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Lets have some fun
Enact the given adverbs while the class guesses the same.
E.g.
Harry and Sally dance gracefully.
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Dumbverb
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Prepositions Prepositions: are words that we can use to indicate time, place and space.
PREPOSITIONS
Period/Point of Time
During
Throughout
At
Position
In, Under, Over, Beside,
Between, Opposite,
Among, Between
Direction
Towards
Past
Around
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PrepositionsCommonly used Prepositions
Aboard About Above Across After
Against Along Among Around At
Before Behind Below Beneath Beside
Between Beyond By Down During
Except For From Into Like
Of On Over Since To
Within In Up Over Off
Towards Under Until Upon With
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Prepositions
We went to school on Monday.
My plane stopped at Washington and New Jersey and arrived
in New York two hours late.
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Fun Time
Identify slogans with Prepositions in them
E.g.
Lets go in an ALTO – Maruti
King of good times - Kingfisher
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Conjunctions Coordinating Conjunctions -
are used to join two parts of a sentence
that are grammatically equal. The two
parts may be single words or clauses.
E.g.
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
The water was warm but I didn't go swimming.
F – ForA – AndN – NorB – ButO – OrY – YetS - So
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Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions -
A word or words used to
connect unequal parts of a sentence.
E.g.
I went swimming, although it was cold.
Since, Because,
If, After, Until,
Although, Before,
As Though, Though,
When, Unless
As
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Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions –
A pair of conjunctions used to show a comparison.
(They are also known as paired conjunctions)
E.g.
Not only is she rich, but also intelligent.
Both-and
Either-or
Neither-nor
Since-therefore
If-then
Not only-but also
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Fun time
And
Also
ButNor
SoFor
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Conjunction
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Interjection
Interjection: is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Hello!,
Bravo!, Alas! or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often,
usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence,
they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is followed by an
exclamation mark (!) when written.
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Interjection
E.g.
"Hey ! look at that!" (calling attention )
"Hi ! What's new?" (expressing greeting )
"Well ! what did he say?" (introducing a remark )
Well !what did he say?
Hi !
What's new?
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