English Colonies: New England,Middle Atlantic, Southern

Vocabulary• Region: human creations used to manage and interpret the complexity of Earth’s

surface• Patroons: a person who held an estate of land with certain manorial privileges like

land ownership, the right to establish civil and criminal courts, and the right to appoint local officers

• Proprietors: Investors that support and are supported by the King or Queen, were in charge of colonies to make a profit

• Royal Colony: a colony ruled directly by the King or Queen• Subsistence Farming: growing enough food to survive until the next growing season• Theocracy: a government that gets it’s right to rule directly from God• Plantations: large farms that usually grow cash crops like tobacco, rice, or cotton• Legislature: a governing body that creates laws• Self Government: a government by the people for the people• Magna Carta: a constitution that guaranteed rights and laws to the common people

of England forced from King John on June 15, 1215• Mayflower Compact: an agreement for governing Plymouth colony in 1620

Essential Questions

• What are the political, economic, and social roots of colonial settlements in the Americas?

• What role did geography play in the settlement pattern?

Criteria to Define Formal Regions:

• The presence of people who share a language, religion, nationality, political identity, culture or the presence of a type of climate, landform, or vegetation

Types of Regions in the 13 Colonies:

• New England: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire. New England had a cold climate and rocky soil which made farming hard.

• Middle: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. The Middle Colonies had a mild climate with warm summers and mild winters that were suited to farming and agriculture.

• Southern: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. The Southern colonies had a warm moist climate with a long growing season perfect for cash crops.

Settlement Patterns of the Colonies

New England Colonies

Who? When? Why?

Connecticut English, Dutch, Swedish, African slaves and indentured servants; Founder: Thomas Hooker

1636 Religious freedom

Massachusetts English Separatist Protestants called Pilgrims Founder: William Bradford;Puritans came afterwards led by John Winthrop

1620

1630

Religious freedom

New Hampshire English Founder: John MasonJohn Wheelwright Puritans

1630 Religious and economic freedom

Rhode Island English, African slavesFounder: Roger Williams preacher from Massachusetts

1636 Religious freedom

Middle Atlantic Colonies

Who? When? Why?

New York Dutch Patroons, English Puritans, indentured servants, African slaves, Founder: Peter Minuit

1624 (Fort Orange)(1664 English)

Dutch East India Co. wanted to trade the natural resources found there

Pennsylvania English, Quakers Founder: William Penn

1681 Land grant by the King of England because the King owed him $100,000 and didn’t have money to pay the debt; religious freedom for Quakers

New Jersey Dutch, Swedes, Finns, English

1620(1664 English)

Fertile land, fur trade, religious freedom

Delaware Dutch, Swedes (Ft. Christina) English Founders: Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkley

1638 (Ft. Christina)1660 (1st permanent settlement)

Fur trade, fertile land; religious freedom and better life

Southern Colonies Who? When? Why?Maryland English, Catholics, Quakers, Baptists,

Puritans and Wesleyans Founder: Lord George Calvert

1632 Originally to find gold or silver but little was foundReligious Freedom primarily for Catholics

Virginia English Founder: Sir Walter Raleigh and the Virginia Company of London

1607 Agricultural and Raw materials for trade and profit

North Carolina

2 first settlements failed;Farmers came down from Virginia colony, others came from other colonies, English, French, German, SwissFounders: 8 nobles

1584, 1587

1655

1663

Religious freedom, Farming

South Carolina

English, settlers from Barbados, Germany, Sweden, France and Spain Founders: 8 nobles

1663 Religious freedom, farming

Georgia Debtors from English prisons, French, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, German, Dutch, Swiss and Austrians Founders: James Oglethorpe along with King George II and 21 Trustees

1732 Pay off debt and have a better life, religious freedom and conversion, agriculture; buffer colony to keep out Spain

Economic Patterns Emerge to Meet Diverse Needs: Agricultural and Urban Settlements

• Shipbuilding, fishing, whaling, fur trapping, lumber, shopkeepers and tradesmen in towns, shipping, slave trading, trade in general

• Agriculture: (Subsistence farming) corn, pumpkins, beans, squash, apples, tobacco, cattle and dairy

• Fur trapping, lumber, shipping, slave trade, merchants tradesmen: cobblers, silversmiths, blacksmiths in towns

• Agriculture: corn, flax, wheat, vegetables, tobacco, iron mining, cattle and dairy farming

• Lumber shipping, fishing, cattle, iron mining, slave trade, shoe making, brick makers, tailors, blacksmiths, silversmiths, pottery makers

• Agriculture: flax, grains, corn, wheat, vegetables, tobacco, fruit trees, plantation farming, cotton, indigo, rice

New England Middle Atlantic Southern

Political Systems in the Colonies

• Main Idea: Most colonies had some sort of self representation which kept with the tradition of England due to the Magna Carta.

New England Political Systems• Rhode Island:

– Ruled buy Governor and Deputy Governor, 10 assistants to the Governor and a General Assembly elected by the colonists in each town

– Assembly could make laws, create local militia to defend against the natives as well as monitor trade

• Massachusetts:– Mayflower Compact– Theocracy ruled by ministers who got their power

from God– White men in good standing with the church could

vote to elect ministers– Laws based on church dogma, religious and moral

beliefs– Later, colonists voted for colonial representatives at

annual town meetings• Connecticut:

– First written constitution called the Fundamental Orders

– 1 representative from each town, six magistrates and one Governor were all elected by the free white men

• New Hampshire:– Constitution – Governor and lieutenant governor with an assembly

Middle Atlantic Political Systems• Pennsylvania:

– Self government– Free men elected 200 representatives to the

General Assembly each year– General Assembly voted on laws proposed by

the Provincial Council, 72 men elected annually

– Governor oversaw legislature• New York:

– Governor appointed by King of England who made all laws

• New Jersey:– Governor, council, and an assembly of twelve

elected by the people– Assembly had power to tax

• Delaware: – Legislature but was ruled by the Penn’s

Southern Political Systems• Virginia:

– Free, white, male landowners elected representatives to the House of Burgesses which had 22 members.

– Virginia Company appointed 6 members to the Governor’s Council

– Governor was appointed in England and represented the King or Queen

• Maryland:– Self government but the Lord Proprietor had more power

than colonial leaders– Free men elected representatives who owed loyalty to the

Lord Proprietor not the King or Queen– Lord Proprietor printed money, and had the power to

create an army and declare war• North and South Carolina:

– 1st ruled by proprietors– Then ruled directly by the King as a royal colony– Had a governor– Had a legislature

• Georgia:– Free, white men elected representatives to the Common

House of Assembly– Upper House of General Assembly appointed by the

Trustees– Governor had final word and was appointed by Trustees

and the King of England

Social Order

Gentry

Middle Class

Hired Farm Hands

Indentured Servants

Slaves

worked in the fields usually on plantations

contracted to work 4-7 years without pay in return for free voyage to America; when their contracts were up, they received “freedom dues” (clothes, tools, 50 acres of land)

Some Native, but mostly African, slaves who worked inside the home, in businesses and in the fields

farmers who worked their own land, skilled crafts workers, and trades people, about ¾ of all white colonists

wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, lawyers, and royal officials

Essential Questions

• What are the political, economic, and social roots of colonial settlements in the Americas?

• What role did geography play in the settlement pattern?