Chapter 1, Section 4The 13 English Colonies

p. 25-29

England founds 13 diverse colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America

Section Focus Question

How did the 13 colonies develop economies based on agriculture, commerce, and handmade goods?

The New England ColoniesMain Idea: New England had land that was difficult to farm, but it became a center of shipbuilding and trade.

• Founded for religious freedom– Some split off due to

religious differences

• Harsh environment: limited farming.– subsistence farming - grow

only what family needs to live on

• Fishing & shipbuilding primary markets– Whaling too

MassachusettsConnecticutNew HampshireRhode Island

The Middle ColoniesMain Idea: Farming & manufacturing are major activities in the Middle Colonies.

• Founded by other European powers: Holland, Sweden, Germany

• Taken over by England after the 1st Anglo-Dutch War in 1664.– New Netherland becomes New York

• Pennsylvania founded and owned by William Penn

• Pennsylvania actively encourages skilled workers & craftsmen– Industry and manufacturing thrives.– Iron products, shoes, candles,

fabrics, glassware, etc.• Soil very good for cash crops - grown

to be sold

New YorkPennsylvaniaNew JerseyDelaware

The Southern ColoniesMain Idea: The Southern Colonies developed a plantation economy that depended on slavery.

• Most colonies founded for profit

• Georgia founded as a debtors prison– people sent to prison because

they can’t pay back their loans

• Primarily agricultural colonies– Cash crops: tobacco & cotton– Labor intensive crops require

slave labor– Slaves deprived of almost all

human rights

• Many northern colonists felt slavery was immoral and wanted to see it abolished.

VirginiaMarylandNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia

Colonial TradeMain Idea: England passes laws that strictly control colonial trade.

• English colonies prosper. $$$• English merchants pressure

Parliament to restrict colonial trade….

• Pass the Navigation Acts - require certain products (tobacco & cotton) be sent only to England– Good for England: creates jobs– Bad for colonies: stunts

manufacturing a century– Can’t sell to other countries –

colonies lose money

Triangular Trade

13 Colonies Graph (p. 26)

Summary:New England- short growing season, rocky soil = $ from business, not farmingMiddle Colonies – mild climate, fertile soil, IRON, and skilled craftworkersSouthern Colonies – rich farmland, huge plantations, cash crops, and slaves

p. 28

Section Focus QuestionQ: How did the 13 colonies develop economies based on agriculture, commerce, and handmade goods?A: The colonies made use of available resources to build their economies.

13 Colonies Videos

John Green’s “Crash Course”:

• The Quakers, the Dutch, and the Ladies: Crash Course US History #4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p47tZLJbdag

• The Natives and the English - Crash Course US History #3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTYOQ05oDOI&src_vid=p47tZLJbdag&feature=iv&annotation_id=annotation_951347

• The Seven Years War and the Great Awakening: Crash Course US History #5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vKGU3aEGss&src_vid=p47tZLJbdag&feature=iv&annotation_id=annotation_382411

• Taxes & Smuggling - Prelude to Revolution: Crash Course US History #6

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eytc9ZaNWyc

Also availble on Haiku