english as a germanic language session 10. engger 1. conjunction reduction – np+ ± 7.1. fred saw...
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English as a Germanic Language
Session 10
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±
7.1. Fred saw and thanked the king. Fritz sah und dankte dem König.
7.2. Fred saw and greeted the king. Fritz sah und begrüßte den König.
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±
7.1. Fred saw and thanked the king. *Fritz sah und dankte dem König.
7.2. Fred saw and greeted the king. Fritz sah und begrüßte den König.
Dutch ??
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±
7.1. Fred saw and thanked the king. *Fritz sah und dankte dem König.
7.2. Fred saw and greeted the king. Fritz sah und begrüßte den König.
Dutch ??
1
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±
7.3. He is the father and the friend of the boy. *Fritz ist der Vater und der Freund von dem Jungen.
7.4. He went through and out of the tunnel. *Er ging durch und aus demTunnel.
Dutch ??
1
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -
7.5. I know that … but he doesn’t. Ich weiß, dass … aber er weiß es nicht.
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -
7.5. I know that … but he doesn’t. Ich weiß, dass … aber er weiß es nicht.
Dutch ??
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -
7.5. I know that … but he doesn’t. Ich weiß, dass … aber er weiß es nicht.
Dutch ??
2
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -
7.5. I know that … but he doesn’t. Ich weiß, dass … aber er weiß es nicht.
Dutch ??
12
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -3. absence of agent + -
This tent sleeps four.In diesem Zelt schläft man zu viert.
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -3. absence of agent + -
This tent sleeps four.In diesem Zelt schläft man zu viert.
Dutch ??
1 2, 3
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -3. absence of agent + -4. Ø instead of reflexive + -
(7.6) The door opens. Die Tür öffnet sich.
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -3. absence of agent + -4. Ø instead of reflexive + -
(7.6) The door opens. Die Tür öffnet sich.
Dutch ??
1 2, 34
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -3. absence of agent + -4. Ø instead of reflexive + -5. Ø relative + -
(7.7) The woman I love is coming tonight Die Frau, die ich liebe, kommt heute abend.
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -3. absence of agent + -4. Ø instead of reflexive + -5. Ø relative + -
(7.7) The woman I love is coming tonight Die Frau, die ich liebe, kommt heute abend.
Dutch ??
1 2, 3, 54
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -3. absence of agent + -4. Ø instead of reflexive + -5. Ø relative + -6. Ø instead of Prep Pron + -
(7.8) I am convinced that … Ich bin davon überzeugt, dass …
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Eng Ger
1. Conjunction reduction – NP + ±2. Ø rather than anaphoric pro + -3. absence of agent + -4. Ø instead of reflexive + -5. Ø relative + -6. Ø instead of Prep Pron + -
(7.8) I am convinced that … Ich bin davon überzeugt, dass …
Dutch ??
1 2, 3, 54, 6
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Subordinate clauses
German V-finalEnglish VO
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Dutch ??
Subordinate clauses
German V-finalEnglish VO
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Dutch ??
Subordinate clauses
German V-finalEnglish VO
Ik geloof dat mijn vader voor eenpaar dagen naar Londen gereisd is.
is gereisd.
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Dutch ??
Subordinate clauses
German V-finalEnglish VO
Ik geloof dat mijn vader voor eenpaar dagen naar Londen gereisd is.
is gereisd.
O Vnf VfVf Vnf O
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Dutch
Subordinate clauses
German V-finalEnglish VO
Ik geloof dat mijn vader voor eenpaar dagen naar Londen gereisd is.
is gereisd.
O Vnf VfVf Vnf O
O Vnf VfO Vf Vnf
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Dutch
Subordinate clauses
German V-finalEnglish VO
Ik geloof dat mijn vader voor eenpaar dagen naar Londen gereisd is.
is gereisd.
O Vnf VfVf Vnf O
O Vnf VfO Vf Vnf
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Dutch
Subordinate clauses
German V-finalEnglish VO
Ik geloof dat mijn vader voor eenpaar dagen naar Londen gereisd is.
is gereisd.
O Vnf VfVf Vnf O
O Vnf VfO Vf Vnf
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Dutch
Subordinate clauses
German V-finalEnglish VO
Ik geloof dat mijn vader voor eenpaar dagen naar Londen gereisd is.
is gereisd.
O Vnf VfVf Vnf O
O Vnf VfO Vf Vnf
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Main clauses
German Vf-2 O VnfEnglish Vf Vnf O
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Main clauses
German Vf-2 O VnfEnglish Vf Vnf O
Dutch ??
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Main clauses
German Vf-2 O VnfEnglish Vf Vnf O
Dutch ??
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1. V-final / OV in OE, not in PDE PDE has VO, more particularly SVO
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1. V-final / OV in OE, not in PDE PDE has VO, more particularly SVO
2. German V2 and V-final basically syntax but semantic exploitation
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the first case:complementation and periphrasis
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German English
complement + dass ± thatclause + V-final - V-final
cont int cont int
parenthetical - dass - thatconstruction - V-final - V-final
comma int comma int
Ich weiß, dass du ein braver Junge bist.
Ich weiß, du bist ein braver Junge.
I know (that) you are a good lad.
I know, you are a good lad.
![Page 41: English as a Germanic Language Session 10. EngGer 1. Conjunction reduction – NP+ ± 7.1. Fred saw and thanked the king. Fritz sah und dankte dem König](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55162951550346c6758b4a7e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
German English
complement + dass ± thatclause + V-final - V-final
cont int cont int
parenthetical - dass - thatconstruction - V-final - V-final
comma int comma int
Ich weiß, dass du ein braver Junge bist.
Ich weiß, du bist ein braver Junge.
I know (that) you are a good lad.
I know, you are a good lad.
![Page 42: English as a Germanic Language Session 10. EngGer 1. Conjunction reduction – NP+ ± 7.1. Fred saw and thanked the king. Fritz sah und dankte dem König](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55162951550346c6758b4a7e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
German English
complement + dass ± thatclause + V-final - V-final
cont int cont int
parenthetical - dass - thatconstruction - V-final - V-final
comma int comma int
ConclusionEnglish syntax more vague
Ich weiß, dass du ein braver Junge bist.
Ich weiß, du bist ein braver Junge.
I know (that) you are a good lad.
I know, you are a good lad.
![Page 43: English as a Germanic Language Session 10. EngGer 1. Conjunction reduction – NP+ ± 7.1. Fred saw and thanked the king. Fritz sah und dankte dem König](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55162951550346c6758b4a7e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
German English
complement + dass ± thatclause + V-final - V-final
cont int cont int
parenthetical - dass - thatconstruction - V-final - V-final
comma int comma int
ConclusionEnglish syntax more vague
Ich weiß, dass du ein braver Junge bist.
Ich weiß, du bist ein braver Junge.
I know (that) you are a good lad.
I know, you are a good lad.
Dutch??
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ConclusionEnglish syntax more vague
Ich weiß, dass du ein braver Junge bist.
Ich weiß, du bist ein braver Junge.
I know (that) you are a good lad.
I know, you are a good lad.
Dutch??
German English Dutch
complement + dass ± that + datclause + V-final - V-final + V-final
cont int cont int cont int
parenthetical - dass - that - datconstruction - V-final - V-final - V-final
comma int comma int comma int
Ik weet het, jij bent een brave jongen.
![Page 45: English as a Germanic Language Session 10. EngGer 1. Conjunction reduction – NP+ ± 7.1. Fred saw and thanked the king. Fritz sah und dankte dem König](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55162951550346c6758b4a7e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ConclusionEnglish syntax more vague
Ich weiß, dass du ein braver Junge bist.
Ich weiß, du bist ein braver Junge.
I know (that) you are a good lad.
I know, you are a good lad.
Dutch??
German English Dutch
complement + dass ± that + datclause + V-final - V-final + V-final
cont int cont int cont int
parenthetical - dass - that - datconstruction - V-final - V-final - V-final
comma int comma int comma int
Ik weet het, jij bent een brave jongen.
![Page 46: English as a Germanic Language Session 10. EngGer 1. Conjunction reduction – NP+ ± 7.1. Fred saw and thanked the king. Fritz sah und dankte dem König](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55162951550346c6758b4a7e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
ConclusionEnglish syntax more vague
Ich weiß, dasdu ein braver Junge bist.
Ich weiß, du bist ein braver Junge.
I know (that) you are a good lad.
I know, you are a good lad.
Dutch??
Ik weet het, jij bent een brave jongen.
German English Dutch
complement + dass ± that + datclause + V-final - V-final + V-final
cont int cont int cont int
parenthetical - dass - that - datconstruction - V-final - V-final - V-final
comma int comma int comma int
± anaphor pron ± anaphor pron + anaphor pron
![Page 47: English as a Germanic Language Session 10. EngGer 1. Conjunction reduction – NP+ ± 7.1. Fred saw and thanked the king. Fritz sah und dankte dem König](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55162951550346c6758b4a7e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
ConclusionEnglish syntax more vague
Ich weiß, dass du ein braver Junge bist.
Ich weiß, du bist ein braver Junge.
I know (that) you are a good lad.
I know, you are a good lad.
Dutch??
Ik weet het, jij bent een brave jongen.
German English Dutch
complement + dass ± that + datclause + V-final - V-final + V-final
cont int cont int cont int
parenthetical - dass - that - datconstruction - V-final - V-final - V-final
comma int comma int comma int
± anaphor pron ± anaphor pron + anaphor pron
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the second case:echo sentences
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the second case:echo sentences
Dutch like German
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