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XI-12 ENET CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0069ENET CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0069 1

XI-12 2

Property of the Alternative FuelsProperty of the Alternative Fuels

Helena RaclavskáDagmar Juchelková,

Ondřej Zajonc VŠB –

TU Ostrava

PresentationEverything was told yesterday (or not?)Overview of the CZ, energy structureBiomass potential and why we will use the biomass recoveryPilot testsTest on the real unitsSmall particelsSummary

XI-12 3

About the Czech Reublic

XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 4

November 12 5

Ostrava

November 12 WPFF Paris 6

Vítkovice

About VSB-Technical University Ostravawww.vsb.cz, over 160 years traditionOver 50 years experience of the Institute of Energy utilization


http://www.vsb.cz/

http://www.vsb.cz/miranda2/export/sites-root/intranet/cs/okruhy/kontakty-a-mapy/mapy-arealu/model-areal-vsb.jpg

New center ENET

9

Situation

Cca from 2000

Time

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

Solver 1

Solver 1

Solver 1

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

Solver

IEA RecommendationIEA Recommendation

Mix of energy sources for decarbonization

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2007 Baseline 2050 BLUE Map 2050

BLUE High Nuclear 2050

BLUE High Ren 2050

TWh

Imports

Other

Solar

Wind

Biomass+CCS

Biomass and waste

Hydro

Nuclear

Natural gas+CCS

Natural gas

Oil

Coal+CCS

Coal

Energy structure CZ 2030

60%

37%

21%

30%

39%

53%

5%

17% 15%

5% 7%11%

2005 2030 (SEK) 2030 (AKT.SEK)

Solid fuels

Nuclear

RES

Gas Fuels

Low Carbon Sources

Fossil Sources

Consumption and Production

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Gas and RES

Existing Nuclear

Existing Heat and electr. Units (mostly Coal)

Water Electr.

New Coal Sources

Nucl. Temelín 3,4

Nucl. Dukovany 5

Biomass recoveryHighest potential for the CZ from all RESCO2

balance


Inorganic carbon (IC)

Organic carbon(TOC)

PotentialThe total estimation of energy biomass potential (Action Plan)

168 –

226 PJ

(excluding fuel wood for households estimated about 17 PJ)relevant

to agricultural area of 680 Tha of arable soil

440 thousand ha of grass vegetation


most exploitable material in the CZboth directly cultivated and waste biomass from agricultural production and food processing industry, including municipal green vegetation, submontane grass, biodegradable waste (biologically degradable MSW), water sewage sludge and compost


Reality I.Bioproducts separation from the landfielsCompostUtilization for agriculture (or not?)Utilization for combustion

Energy consumption for the whole proces


PILOT TESTS


XI-12 18

XI-12 19

Regulátor teploty

Reaktor

Vzorek

Elektrický ohřívač

Kondenzace

Analýza plynů

Křemenná vata

Hmotnostní regulátor průtoku

Dusík

21

Nach der Hydrolyse der Energiegrases

Nach der Hydrolyse der Mais

22

Nach der Fermentation der Stroh

Nach der Fermentation der Zellstoff Klärschlamm

Interesting Resultes from compost utilization

Frycovice Landfills Frydek -Mistek

Average Minimum -

maximum Average

Org. dry matter (%) 42.33 33.43 –

62.83 55.76

Biomass content* (%) 17.80 27.01 –

32.64

Calorific value (MJ/kg) 6.388 9.024 –

25.381 16.23C/N 16.82 11.02 –

25.12 16.16

C (%) 18.40 24.44 –

45.98 40.73

N (%) 1.31 1.48 –

3.03 2.73

H (%) 2.46 4.65 –

10.48 8.93

S (%) 0.12 0.11 -

017 0.14


TESTS ON THE REAL CONDITIONS


XI -

08 VŠB-TU Ostrava -

Venice 2008 25

Biomass samples for the FBC

XI -


Venice 2008 26

XI -


Venice 2008 27

28

Fotografická príloha – je videt detailne vlákna psinecku ve zbytcích po spalování

29

Various type

Results of combustion -

FCB Třinec

Compound Unit ContentHeavy metals –

coal combustion mg.m-3 0.339

Heavy meals –

coal + 10 % NOLO mg.m-3 0.215Hg+Cd+As+Pb –

coal combustion mg.m-3 0.0165

Hg+Cd+As+Pb –

coal combustion mg.m-3 0.0175PAHs (both combustions test) µg.m-3 0.1 –

0.2

PCB (both combustions test) ng.m-3 0.0003PCDD/F (TEQ) ng.m-3 0.004

30

• All values are below maximum allowable limits (fly ash, emissions)•

This technology allows the combustion of higher amount of alternative

fuel „NOLO“

( 20 %) with coal

XI -


Venice 2008 31

Some analyses

Závislost obsahu Cd na podílu biopaliva v palivu

y = 0,0075x + 0,5087R2 = 0,1637

y = 0,0432x + 0,5399R2 = 0,9122

y = 0,0442x + 0,4562R2 = 0,7793

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

0 5 10 15 20 25

Podíl biopaliva v palivu [%]

obsa

h C

d [p

pm]

Cd úletový popílekCd popílek před EOCd ložový popelLineární (Cd ložový popel)Lineární (Cd úletový popílek)Lineární (Cd popílek před EO)

Silikátová analýza - přídavek 20 % biomasy

05

1015202530354045

SiO2

TiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na2O

K2O

P2O5

SO3Ned

opal

(%)

Úletový popílek Popílek před EO Ložový popel

Biofuel in the fuel

Cd in the ash

Silicat analysys with 20 % biomass

Melting point of grass ash Correlation between melting point of ash and phosphorus

content in grass



potassium –

carbon –

phosphates with higher melting point of ash are generated during the combustion

SMALL PARTICELS


SituationDaily average concentration of PM10 in Germany

Year average concentration of PM10 in the Czech Republic

A, B: BC –

various type

C: Black carbon from coal combustion

D: Black carbon from oil

Izotops Pb for the polution sources identification

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Venice 2008 38

MAIN GOAL (not only) for the RESEARCH

To verify if the alternative fuels as alternative energy source in respect of the EU legislation.Achivement of high efficiency of combustion and co-

combustion process (e.g. in fluidized bed ) and all transfer phenomena.Evaluation of optimal combustion condition, creation of harmful solid and flue gas emission. Ratio of coal and biofuel.Recommendations for suitability of thermal disposal of wastes and biofuels in large boilers in the Czech Republic.

Děkuji za pozornost I will thank you for your attention Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit

Dagmar Juchelková+420 597 325 175

+420 597 325 177 [email protected]

CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0069 http://enet.vsb.cz

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://enet.vsb.cz/

mailto:[email protected]


–

18-20.3.2013 Brno, Czech Republic -Konference kotle, 19.3.2013 –

IA IEA FBC

–

IEA WPFFParis, on 6-7 December–

The dates of 20-21 June have been suggested as favourable by

our Polish delegate, Ms. Aleksandra Baut

45

Podélná

struktura vláken psinečku po spálení.

Changes at the Energy Sector in CZ

(IEA Governing Board and Management Committee Meeting at Ministerial Level, incl. CZ) Promote diversity of supply by

The safe and sustainable development of natural resources

New transit routes

Renewable energy and low carbon energy technologies, including nuclear energy, waste utilization, where this accords with national policies and circumstances

It is Member Country responsibility to set Energy Mix

Summary Global

48

Závislost obsahu Zn na podílu biopaliva v palivu

y = 2,4683x + 115,23R2 = 0,8336

y = 5,9248x + 147,74R2 = 0,9676

y = 6,0423x + 136,9R2 = 0,9651

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 5 10 15 20 25


obsa

h Zn

[ppm

]

Zn úletový popílekZn popílek před EOZn ložový popelLineární (Zn ložový popel)Lineární (Zn úletový popílek)Lineární (Zn popílek před EO)

Závislost obsahu P2O5 na podílu biopaliva v palivu

y = 0,0476x - 0,1692R2 = 0,7374

y = 0,1752x - 0,1148R2 = 0,9156

y = 0,1608x - 0,2429R2 = 0,9202

-0,500,000,501,001,502,002,503,003,504,004,50

0 5 10 15 20 25


obsa

h P 2O

5 [%

]

P2O5 úletový popílekP2O5 popílek před EOP2O5 ložový popelLineární (P2O5 ložový popel)Lineární (P2O5 úletový popílek)Lineární (P2O5 popílek před EO)

Zn in the ash

P2

O5

in the ash

Biofuel in the fuel

Biofuel in the fuel

Some analyses

XI -


Venice 2008 49

Characteristics

of fuel mixture

Coal Biomass Water Ash C H N S Volatiles Heating value mass% mass% % % % % % % % kJ/kg Coal 100 0 14,0 5,2 55,0 3,86 1,03 0,70 45,8 20 599 Mixture 75 25 13,9 8,0 50,4 3,83 1,04 0,65 47,4 18 749 Mixture 50 50 12,6 11,9 45,2 3,79 0,92 0,54 50,6 16 728 Mixture 25 75 12,9 14,0 42,3 3,73 1,08 0,47 51,9 15 688 Biomass 0 100 14,6 13,7 36,6 4,31 1,34 0,24 57,8 13 291

Coal Biomass Granulometry of fuel mixture (%) mass% mass% >5mm 5-2 2-1 1,0-0,8 0,8-0,6 0,6-0,5 0,5-0,4 0,4-0,315 <0,315mm SUMA

85 15 7,6 26,2 15,7 7,6 8,3 2,3 5,7 8 18,5 99,975 25 4,3 31,9 16,4 7,9 7,9 6,1 5,3 6,9 13,4 100,150 50 13,8 34,6 16,9 7,3 6,9 4,7 3,7 4,5 7,7 100,125 75 12,1 27 14,8 7,7 7,6 5,5 4,8 6,3 14,2 100

Heating value 14 – 17 MJ.kg-1 Heavy metals Ash 10 – 15 mass % Water <10 mass % As+Co+Ni <10 mass %

Limit contens: Cd+Hg <10 mg.kg-1 S <0,9 mass % Cl <1,0 mass %

Sb+Sn+Crcelk+Cu+Pb+V+Zn <300 mg.kg-1

Elementary analysis of fuels

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