What is it?

Respiration

• What are two types of fermentation?

Alcoholic fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic FermentationPyruvic acid + NADH --> alcohol + CO2 +NAD+

What process produces the NADH?

Is this process aerobic or anaerobic?

Lactic Acid FermentationPyruvic acid + NADH --> lactic acid + NAD+

Where do the pyruvates come from?

Does this fermentation produce CO2?

Where is the NAD+ going to be reused?

• Lactic acid is produced in your muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen.

• You produce lactic acid during short intense work like sprinting because you can not supply oxygen fast enough to the muscle cells.

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Aerobic respirationWhat is the correct sequence of events in this process?Glycolysis --> Krebs cycle --> Electron transport chain

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY

What are the reactants in cellular respiration?food (glucose) and oxygen

Some of the energy released is captured as ATP and some is lost as heat.

How many ATP’s are recovered from one glucose molecule?

36What are the products of respiration?

carbon dioxide and water and energy

Glycolysis

1) Where does it occur?

cytoplasm

2) What is the starting molecule?

glucose

3) What is needed to get the process started?

an energy input = 2 ATP’s

Glycolysis

• What happens if oxygen is not present during glycolysis?

the pyruvates will be consumed by fermentation

Electron carriers?

• NADH

• FADH2

• During what processes are these compounds produced?

NADH - during glycolysis and Krebs cycle

FADH2 - during Krebs cycle

Aerobic vs Anaerobic

What does aerobic mean?

process that requires oxygen

Does glycolysis require oxygen?

no

Does the Krebs cycle require oxygen?

yes

Krebs Cycle

• What product from gylcolysis begins the Krebs cycle?

Pyruvic acid

• Where does this cycle take place in the cell?

mitochondria

Krebs cycle

• What does the Krebs cycle produce?

NADH, FADH2, CO2, and some ATP

• Which of these products are important to the electron transport chain?

NADH, FADH2, these are the electron carriers that allow for the production of much more ATP

Electron Transport Chain

Electron Transport Chain

• How do the electrons get transported to the special proteins involved?

carried by carrier molecules NADH, FADH2

• What is the primary function of the chain?

to make ATP

Electron Transport Chain

• Oxygen and water --- how is oxygen used in cellular respiration?

The oxygen atoms are the final electron acceptors and then they can attach with two H+ ions to form water at the end of the transport chain

Which process does not release energy from glucose?Glycolysis

Fermentation

Photosynthesis

cellular respiration

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost

opposite processes?• Oxygen

photosynthesis produces it

respiration uses it to break down food

• Carbon dioxide

respiration produces it

photosynthesis uses it to make glucose

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost

opposite processes?• Glucose

photosynthesis manufactures it

respiration breaks it down to produce ATP• Water

photosynthesis uses it to produce sugars

respiration produces it as a waste product while making ATP