ENERGY &WATER RESOURCESPREAICE GEOGRAPHY9TH GRADE

FUELWOOD IN LEDCS

• IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ABOUT 2.5 MILLION PEOPLE RELY ON FUELWOOD, CHARCOAL AND ANIMAL MANURE.

• FUELWOOD AND CHARCOAL ACCOUNT FOR MORE THAN HALF OF THE WORLD’S WOOD PRODUCTION.

• FUEL IS THE MOST IMPORTANT USE OF WOOD IN ASIA.

FUELWOOD IN LEDCS

THE TRANSITION FROM FUELWOOD AND MANURE TO HIGHER LEVEL ENERGY SOURCES IS PART OF THE PROCESS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

PEOPLE WITHOUT ELECTRICITY 2004SOUTH ASIA 706 MILLION

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 547 MILLION

EAST ASIA 224 MILLION

OTHER REGIONS 101 MILLION

FUELWOOD IN LEDCS

• FUELWOOD IS THE MAIN CAUDE OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

• RESPONSIBLE FOR 1.5 MILLION DEATHS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES EVERY YEAR.

• MORE THAN HALF OF THESE DEATHS ARE OF CHILDERN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD.

MALI

• LOCATED IN THE SAHEL REGION IN AFRICA

• NORTHERN 65% OF THE COUNTRY IS DESERT OR SEMI-DESERT

• MOST PEOPLE DEPEND ON THE ENVIRONMENT (FARMING-FISHING-HERDING)

• NO FOSSIL FUELS AVAILABLE

MALI

• IN RURAL AREAS 80% OF ENERGY IS SUPPLIED BY FIREWOOD & CHARCOAL.

• 50 MILLION TONS OF NATIONAL FOREST RESERVES EVERY YEAR ARE USED AS FUEL

• KEROSENE LAMPS, TORCHES AND RECHARGEABLE CAR BATTERIES ARE USED FOR LIGHTING

MALI

• WOOD CUTTING IS A MAJOR SOURCE OF EMPLOYMENT.

• LESS THAN 12% OF THE POPULATION HAS ACCESS TO FORMAL ELECTRICITY

• IN RURAL AREAS LESS THAN 1 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION HAS ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY

MALI

NON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

• FOSSIL FUELS AND NUCLEAR FUEL ARE NON-RENEWABLE.

• FOSSIL FUELS CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS (COAL, OIL AND NATURAL GAS) WERE FORMED BY THE DECOMPOSITION OF PREHISTORIC ORGANISMS IN PAST GEOLOGICAL PERIODS.

RENEWABLE ENERGY

• RESOURCES THAT CAN BE USED OVER AND OVER AGAIN.

• MAINLY FORCES OF NATURE THAT ARE SUSTAINABLE AND USUALLY CAUSE LITTLE TO NO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION.

• HYDRO-ELECTRIC, BIOGAS, WIND, SOLAR, GEOTHERMAL, TIDAL AND WAVE POWER.

ENERGY SUPPLY

• OIL: 36%

• COAL: 28%

• NATURAL GAS: 24%

• HYDROELECTRIC & NUCLEAR: 6%

ENERGY SUPPLY

• ONLY IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY IS COAL.

• NATURAL GAS IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY IN EUROPE AND EURASIA.

• HEP IS MORE IMPORTANT IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (28%)

• NUCLEAR ENERGY IS MOST IMPORTANT IN EUROPE, EURASIA AND NORTH AMERICA.

RENEWABLE ENERGY

• HEP IS THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

• MAIN PRODUCERS ARE: CHINA, CANADA, BRAZIL AND USA.

• MOST MAJOR SOURCES ARE ALREADY IN USE

• SMALL SOURCES SERVE SAMLL COMMUNITIES

HEP PROBLEMS

• OBSTRUCTION OF THE RIVER FOR AQUATIC LIFE

• DETERIORATION IN WATER QUALITY

• SUBMERGING LARGE FORESTS WITHOUT PRIOR CLEARANCE CAN RELEASE METHANE GAS.

SOLAR POWER

• PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS: SOLAR PANELS THAT CONVERT SUNLIGHT DIRECTLY INTO ELECTRICITY. LEADING COUNTRIES ARE JAPAN,GERMANY AND USA.

• THERMAL POWER PLANTS: MOST OF THESE PLANTS ARE IN THE MOHAVE DESERT IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. SUN RAYS ARE COLLECTED AND TRANSFORMED INTO STEAM THAT DRIVES THE TURBINES.

SOLAR POWER

SOLAR POWER

OTHER ENERGY SOURCES

• WIND POWER: GERMANY LEADING PRODUCER

• BIOMASS: INCLUDES FUELWOOD, ETHANOL AND BIOFUEL.

• GEOTHERMAL: NATURAL HEAT FOUND ON EARTH’S CRUST, IT CAN BE USED TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY OR ITS HOT WATER CAN BE USED FOR AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND CLEANING.

• USA IS THE LEADER IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION.

NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS

• CHINA HAS MORE THAN 11 NUCLEAR REACTORS.

• A COASTAL LOCATION ALLOWS EASIER COOLING.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5ZB6SK88Hc