energy transition: common challenges in france and … · energy transition: common challenges in...

Energy Transition: common challenges in France and Taiwan

Taiwan International Green Summit

October 13th, 2016

Frederic Glanois

1

Outline of the presentation

I – The global picture about energy transition1. Climate change, natural ressources and energy

2. Even if – a climatosceptic case for energy transition

3. Are technologies available?

II - Energy Transition in France1. Towards a low carbon and resilient society

2. A paradigmatic shift in the private sector

3. Example of Renewable Energy production

III – Working together on Taiwan challenges

October 13, 2016 2

Climate change, natural resources, energy

• To contain global warming to 2⁰C, annual GHG emissions need to be at least halfed by 2050.– Equivalent of ~2TCO2/cap

– In 2014: ~5 TCO2/cap. (Taiwan > 11 TCO2/cap)

• Main sources of global GHG emissions in 2015– Electricity and heat: 28% (Taiwan: 59%)

– Agriculture: 14%

– Transportation 12% (Taiwan: 13%)

– Forestry: 12%

– Manufacturing and Construction: 12% (Taiwan: 17%)

October 13, 2016 3

Energy landscape will change anyway

• Stable and secure energy supply is strategic– Fossil fuels play a prominent role in global geopolotics and

conflicts

– Oil & gas prices are volatile, but very likely to rise in the long run

• Fossil fuel consumption entail heavy socio-economic costs– Air and water pollution, hidden costs of individual

transportation, limited jobs and redistribution…

• First movers towards green energy to gain a decisive edge for 21st century economic war

October 13, 2016 4

The state of technologies (1/4)

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• Many technologies are already largely mature

– Several already deployed, other being pilot-tested

– New innovation and progress every day

• The cost factor is often not a real issue

– Solar, onshore wind production costs have dived

– Energy efficiency, clean transports investments make strong economic sense

– Perceived risks and non-monetization of social costs are the main issues

• The real barrier: the inertia of human brain

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October 13, 2016 9

The Energy Transition Law for Green Growth

• A long and thorough elaboration process

– Public consultations started in 2007, leading to first legislations in 2009 and 2010

– Broader public consultations all through 2012-2013 -> legislation proposal in July, 2014

– Promulgated in July, 2015, after one year of Parliamentary debate

• A society-wide vision, a large sectoral coverage– 6 overall objectives related to overall GHG emissions, fossil fuel

consumption, renewable energy production, final energy consumption, waste quantity, share of nuclear energy in the mix

– 7 chapters: green buildings, clean transportation, circular economy, renewable energy, nuclear safety, simplifying procedures, empowerment of stakeholders, financing and support

October 13, 2016 10

A paradigm shift within the private sector

• Financial sector has started to turn– International: Portfolio Decarbonization Coalition,

Montreal Carbon Pledge, Climate Disclosure Standards, 5-5-5 Insurance sector Initiative, etc…

– Main French banks (incl. BNP Paribas, Credit Agricole CIB, Societe generale) and financial actors (incl. Amundi, Cardif, Natixis…) at the forefront of this tendancy

• Industrial strategies are evolving

– Major companies in France and around the globe taking various commitments on: energy intensity, renewables, deforestation, carbon price, R&D…

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Illustration: French renewable energy production

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35%

11%

9%

21%

6%

7%

11%

2030 (54 Mtoe)

49%

25%

8%

6%2%

10%

2013 (23 Mtoe)Waste andbiomass

Hydroelectricity

Solar thermal,geothermal, heat

Fixed windpower

Marine Energies

Solar PV

Biofuel

• Nuclear share in electricity mix to decrease from 75% to 50% by 2025 -> need sharp increase of renewables









October 13, 2016 13

Taiwan faces immense energy challenges, but…

• Very ambitious goals… but a popular support

• Lack of experience in some sectors (ex. offshore wind)… but strong industry in others (ex. solar) and strong manufacturing capacity in general

• Lack of good practice on energy saving… butstrong culture of waste recycling

• Not the most conducive economic context… but a broader need for industrial ‘revolution’

• Limited ‘green’ appetite from investors… but lots of capital availability, and good incentives

October 13, 2016 14

Tackling the challenge

• Renewable energy production– Taiwan has considerable sea, wind, sun, geothermal resources

• Energy usage and efficiency (households & industry)

– Circular economy, power electronics, buildings, transports…

– High potential, in need of strong policies and education

• Energy management– Smart grids, storage, demand-response management…

• Such challenges cannot be overcome alone– Time, scale and cost issues only to be tackled in partnership

– Step up existing industrial, commercial and R&D collaborations

October 13, 2016 15

Collaborating with French actors in Taiwan

• Ex. of French partners already involved in Taiwan’s transition

• French office in Taipei promotes and supports policyexchange, experience sharing, R&D collaboration… towards a collective ‘Green Tomorrow’

– Save the date for Jan. 17th -19th - Marine energy seminar(s)

October 13, 2016 16

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

October 13, 2016 17

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