energy sustainability challenges in asia-pacific ... · energy sustainability challenges in...
TRANSCRIPT
Energy Sustainability Challenges in Asia-Pacific Opportunities for Regional Cooperation
Sergey Tulinov
11 – 12 December 2013
Post-2015
Sustainable
Development
Agenda
EQUITY EFFICIENCY RESILIENCE
Asia and the
Pacific
628 million people in Asia and the Pacific lack
access to electricity.
EQUITY EFFICIENCY RESILIENCE
- 20 40 60 80 100
Singapore
China
Brunei Darussalam
Malaysia
Vietnam
Iran, IR
Thailand
Sri Lanka
Philippines
Nepal
Mongolia
India
Indonesia
Pakistan
Lao PDR
Bangladesh
Myanmar
Afghanistan
Timor-Leste
Cambodia
Korea, DPR
Rural and Urban Electrification Rates, 2010
Rural electrification rate %
Urban electrification rate %
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Hu
ma
n D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ind
ex
20
10
Access to Electricity (% of Population)
Access to Electricity and Human Development, 2010
EQUITY EFFICIENCY RESILIENCE
y = 0.24 + 0.04x R2 = 0.71
1.8 billion people in Asia and the Pacific still
use traditional biomass.
1.3 million people in Asia and the Pacific are
estimated to die each year
from indoor air pollution.
EQUITY EFFICIENCY RESILIENCE
EQUITY EFFICIENCY RESILIENCE
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Kg
of
oil e
qu
iva
len
t p
er
1,0
00
do
lla
rs G
DP
(2
00
5 P
PP
)
Global Regional Primary Energy Intensity
Asia-Pacific
Asia-Pacific developing economies
Asia-Pacific developed economies
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Gra
ms p
er
1 d
ollar
GD
P (
2005 P
PP
)
Global Regional Carbon Intensity
Africa
Latin America and Carib.
North America
Europe
Armenia
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China
Georgia
Hong Kong, China
India
Indonesia
Iran, IR
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Mongolia
Nepal
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Korea, Rep.
Russian Federation
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey Viet Nam
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Glo
ba
l C
om
pe
titi
ve
ne
ss
In
de
x, 1
-7
Energy Efficiency Factor
Energy Efficiency and Global Competitiveness, 2010
y = 3.12 + 1.87x
R²=0.54
EQUITY EFFICIENCY RESILIENCE
EQUITY EFFICIENCY RESILIENCE
Self
Sufficient
Energy Self-Sufficiency
in Asia and the Pacific
-100%
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
Bru
nei D
aru
ssala
m
Azerb
aija
n
Mongolia
Austr
alia
Turk
menis
tan
Kazakhsta
n
Russia
n F
ed.
Indonesia
Iran, IR
Mya
nm
ar
Papua N
ew
Guin
ea
Bhuta
n
Uzbekis
tan
Mala
ysia
DP
R K
ore
a
Vie
t N
am
Lao P
DR
New
Zeala
nd
Chin
a
Nepal
Bangla
desh
Pakis
tan
India
Cam
bodia
Tajik
ista
n
Thaila
nd
Phili
ppin
es
Sri L
anka
Solo
mon Isla
nds
Kirib
ati
Georg
ia
Sam
oa
Kyrg
yzsta
n
Vanuatu
Arm
enia
Fiji
Turk
ey
Japan
Kore
a,
Rep.
Mic
ronesia
, F
S
Niu
e
Cook Isla
nds
Sin
gapore
Tonga
Hong K
ong,
Chin
a
Pala
u
Mars
hall
Isla
nds
Nauru
% A
bo
ve
or
be
low
se
lf s
uff
icie
nc
y
EQUITY EFFICIENCY RESILIENCE
Selected Asia-Pacific Multilateral Cross-Border Power Interconnections
SAARC Market for Electricity
(part of SAARC Energy Ring)
CASA 1000
GMS Power Market
ASEAN Power Grid
Asia-Pacific Renewable Energy Resources
Asian Energy
Highway
ASIAN AND PACIFIC ENERGY FORUM
35 Participating countries from Asia-Pacific:
Afghanistan Fiji Kyrgyzstan Nepal Sri Lanka
Armenia India Lao PDR Pakistan Tajikistan
Bangladesh Indonesia Maldives Palau Tonga
Bhutan Iran Marshall Islands Philippines Tuvalu
Cambodia Japan Myanmar South Korea USA
China Kazakhstan Mongolia Russian Federation Vanuatu
DPRK Kiribati Nauru Samoa Viet Nam
Outcomes of APEF
I. Ministerial declaration on regional cooperation for enhanced energy security and the sustainable use of energy in Asia and the Pacific
II. Plan of Action on regional cooperation for enhanced energy security and the sustainable use of energy in Asia and the Pacific, 2014 - 2018
- Plan of action presents the regional vision for cooperation on enhanced energy security and the sustainable use of energy
“An Asia and the Pacific where:
• Sustainable energy for all is a reality
• Enhanced energy security is present from regional to household levels
• An energy future of equity, diversification and access to all is secured
• The share of cleaner energies in the overall energy mix is increased”
- contains initiatives addressing more specific needs of the
diverse Asia-Pacific region and its sub regions
- supports the implementation of the Declaration
- facilitates continuous dialogue and cooperation among member States on the energy issues
Plan of Action
A. Establishment of a platform for facilitating continuous dialogue and cooperation among ESCAP member States on enhanced energy security and the sustainable use of energy
B. Work towards universal access to modern energy services
C. Advance the development and use of new and renewable sources of energy
D. Improve energy efficiency and conservation and observe sustainability in the supply, distribution and consumption of energy
E. Diversify the energy mix and enhance energy security
F. Improve energy trade and investment opportunities to optimize the development and utilization of current and emerging energy resources
Proposed areas for action
G. Improve fiscal policy and financing mechanisms to incentivize and strengthen markets for sustainable energy
H. Improve energy statistics and facilitate data and information sharing
I. Minimize the environmental impact of the energy sector
J. Promote more efficient and cleaner use of oil
K. Promote the efficient and clean use of coal
L. Promote expanded production, trade and use of natural gas as a low-emission fuel
M. Promote the development of advanced energy technologies;
N. Develop common infrastructure and harmonized energy policies with a view to increasing regional economic integration
O. Promote capacity-building, education and knowledge-sharing in the field of energy
Proposed areas for action
- Periodic review of the progress made based on information provided by members and associate members on a voluntary basis, as well as by collaborating international organizations
- Report submitted to the second Asian and Pacific Energy Forum, to be held not later than 2018
Review and assessment
www.unescap.org/apef