energy statistics 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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ENERGY STATISTICS 2011
Data, tables, stascs and maps
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CONTENTS
2
At a glance
Energy balance 2011
Production of primary energy
Renewable energy
Electricity and district heating
Consumption 2011
Gross energy consumption and final energy consumption
Transport
Agriculture and industry
Commercial and public service
Households
Emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases
Energy and the economy
Energy prices
International comparisons
Terminology and definitions
Key figures and the assumptions of the energy statistics
3
4
5
7
11
18
20
25
27
31
34
38
44
46
50
55
58
Energy Statistics 2011
Published December 2012 by the Danish Energy Agency, Amaliegade 44, 1256
Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Tel: +45 33 92 67 00, Fax +45 33 11 47 43, Email: [email protected], Website
http://www.ens.dk.
Design and production: The Danish Energy Agency (Danuta Kestenbaum)
ISBN 978-87-7844-944-3 www
ISSN 0906-4699
Queries concerning methods and calculations should be addressed to the Danish
Energy Agency, Statistics Section, Tel.: +45 33 92 67 00 or [email protected].
The Danish Energy Agency is an agency under the Danish Ministry of Climate,
Energy and Building.
This publication may be quoted with source reference.
www.ens.dkPlease feel free to visit the
Danish Energy Agencys web-
site for statistics and data
Facts & figures.This web-
site includes energy statistics
that are far more detailed than
the statistics published here.
Go to Facts & figures to
see (and/or download) the
complete energy statistics,
including tables and time se-ries for energy consumption,
emissions and assumptions for
the period 1972-2011. De-
scriptions of methods are also
available here.
The website also includes the
figures behind the graphs and
tables in the printed version
as well as a PowerPoint pre-
sentation (.ppt) of the graphs.
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AT A GLANCE
3
Energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases fell in 2011
Observed energy consumption down by 6.4%
Observed energy consumption fell by 6.4%, from 846 PJ in
2010 to 792 PJ in 2011. This trend should be seen in the
context of significantly colder weather in 2010. In addition,there was a shift from net exports of electricity in 2010 to
net imports of electricity in 2011, which led to a drop in fuel
consumption by Danish power plants. More electricity ge-
neration based on wind power has moreover contributed to
lower fuel consumption at power plants.
Increase in the consumption of renewable energy
Consumption of renewable energy increased from 170 PJ in
2010 to 174 PJ in 2011, which corresponds to an increase
of2.5%.This development can be attributed to large in-
creases in the consumption of wind power and biofuels and
a smaller drop for solid biomass such as wood and straw.
Calculated according to the EUs method of calculation,
renewable energy accounted for 23.6% of energy consump-tion in 2011 as opposed to 22.1% in 2010.Production of
electricity from renewable energy accounted for 40.7% of
Danish domestic electricity supply in 2011. Of this figure,
wind power accounted for 28.1%.
Adjusted gross energy consumption down by 0.9%
Besides observed energy consumption, the Danish Energy
Agency calculates adjusted gross energy consumption,
which is adjusted for fuel linked to foreign trade in electrici-
ty and fluctuations in climate with respect to a normal
weather year. The purpose of the adjusted calculations is to
illustrate the trends underlying the development.Adjusted
gross energy consumption was 807 PJ in 2011, which is
0.9% below the 2010 level.
Compared with an increase in economic activity, measured
as a rise of 0.8% in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), this
corresponds to a 1.7% improvement in energy efficiency in
2011.Compared with 1990, adjusted gross energy con-
sumption fell by 1.4%.During the same period, GDP in
2005 prices grew by 37.8%. In 2011, each unit of GDP
therefore accounted for 28.5% less energy than in 1990.
Drop in emissions of CO2and other greenhouse gases
Observed CO2emissions from energy consumption fell by
10.6% in 2011, ending at 44.3 million tonnes.
Adjusted for fuel consumption linked to foreign trade in
electricity and fluctuations in climate, CO2emissions fell by
2.8%.Since 1990 adjusted CO2emissions have gone down
by 25.2%.
A preliminary statement of total Danish observed emissionsof greenhouse gases shows a drop of 8.6% from 2010to
2011.Relative to the base year (1990/95), there has been
a drop of 19.5%.
Energy consumption by area of consumption
Energy consumption for transport was 0.9% higher in 2011
than the year before. Energy consumption for road trans-
port was unchanged, whereas consumption for international
aviation increased by 2.7%.
The total climate adjusted energy consumption of the agri-
culture and industry sectorwas 0.3% higher in 2011 than
the year before. Energy consumption by manufacturing
industries grew by 0.5%.
In the commercial and public services and households,
climate-adjusted energy consumption was respectively
0.5% and 1.2% higher in 2011 than in the year before.
Energy production and degree of self-sufficiency fell
Danish production of crude oil, natural gas and renewable
energy etc. fell to 887 PJ in 2011; a drop of 9.8%.Produc-
tion of crude oil and natural gas fell by 10.0% and 13.9%
respectively.
Denmark is the only country in the EU that was self-
sufficient in energy in 2011. Denmarks degree of self-
sufficiency in energy was 110% in 2011, whereas it was
121% in the previous year. This means that energy produc-
tion was 10% higher than energy consumption in 2011.Large currency revenues
In 2011 Denmark had a foreign trade surplus from its trade
in energy products of DKK 4.3 billion. In 2010 this figure
was DKK 12.1 billion.
Exports of energy technology and equipment were DKK
63.4 billion in 2011 as opposed to DKK 53.7 billion in 2010.
Exports of energy products and equipment, not least wind
turbines, therefore account for a large share of total Danish
goods exports. The share was 10.5% in 2011 as opposed to
9.5% in the previous year.
Observed energy consumption and adjusted gross energy consumption
600700800900
1000
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Observed energy consumption Adjusted gross energy consumption
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ENERGY BALANCE 2011
4
Energy balance 2011
Total
Crude oiland
refineryfeedstocks
Oil pro-ducts Natural gas
Coal andcoke
Waste,non
rene-wable
Rene-wable
energy ElectricityDistrictheating
Gasworks
gas
Direct energy contents [TJ]
Total energy consumption 791 875 285 616 17 117 156 613 136 027 17 347 174 256 4 746 152 -
Primary energy production 887 199 470 447 - 264 632 - 17 347 134 774 - - -
Recycling 41 - 41 - - - - - - -
Imports 640 476 129 861 261 942 13 803 150 217 - 42 405 42 095 152 -
Exports -716 007 -318 545 -240 969 -117 051 - 1 - -2 092 -37 349 - -
Border trade -7 518 - -7 518 - - - - - - -
International marine bunkers -29 442 - -29 442 - - - - - - -
Stock changes 9 983 1 440 30 308 -5 744 -14 841 - -1 180 - - -
Statistical differences 7 142 2 413 2 754 973 652 - 350 - - 0 -
Energy sector -46 018 -285 616 268 702 -25 064 - - - -3 455 - 586 -
Extraction and gasification -25 064 - - -25 064 - - - - - -
Petroleum products 282 938 - 282 938 - - - - - - -
Used in refineries -301 617 -285 616 -14 236 - - - - -1 180 - 586 -
Used in distribution -2 275 - - - - - - -2 275 - -
Transformation -79 328 - -7 009 -65 215 -130 012 -16 322 -113 207 120 362 131 522 554
Large-scale units -58 295 - -3 053 -21 702 -129 314 - -30 174 67 608 58 340 -
Wind turbines and hydro powerplants
- - - - - - -35 248 35 248 - -
Small-scale units -6 422 - - 90 -29 653 - 478 -4 036 -13 345 16 168 25 013 -
District heating units -1 241 - -1 842 -8 183 - 82 - 227 -16 533 - 215 25 841 -
Autoproducers -6 652 - -2 024 -5 117 - 137 -12 059 -17 907 7 593 22 999 -
Gas Works - 6 - - - 560 - - - - - 554
Own use -6 711 - - - - - - -6 040 - 671 -
Distribution losses etc. -35 114 - - - 119 - - - -8 639 -26 335 - 22
Final energy consumption -631 415 - -278 810 -66 216 -6 016 -1 025 -61 049 -113 014 -104 753 - 532
Non-energy use -12 374 - -12 374 - - - - - - -
Transport -210 721 - -203 739 - - - -5 554 -1 429 - -
Agriculture and industry -135 734 - -42 841 -31 092 -5 986 - 759 -11 137 -37 191 -6 685 - 42
Commercial and public services -82 739 - -2 467 -9 229 - - 266 -1 742 -37 994 -31 003 - 39
Households -189 847 - -17 390 -25 895 - 29 - -42 617 -36 401 -67 065 - 451
Note: The energy balance provides an overview of supply, transformation and consumption of energy.
A more detailed statement of input (black figures) and output (red figures) of energy products is listed in the table, Energy supply and consump-
tion 2011.
Degree of self-sufficiencyThe degree of self-sufficiency is calculated as pri-
mary energy production in relation to climate-
adjusted gross energy consumption. Self-sufficiency
in oil is calculated as crude oil production in relation
to the share of gross energy consumption that isrepresented by oil.
For the first time, in 1997, Denmark produced more
energy than it consumed. In 2011, the degree of
self-sufficiency in energy was 110% as opposed to
121% the year before. The degree of self-
sufficiency was 52% in 1990 and peaked in 2004 at
156%.
Denmark has been more than self-sufficient in oil
since 1993, resulting in annual net exports. In
2011, the degree of self-sufficiency in oil was 155%
as opposed to 168% the year before. The degree of
self-sufficiency in oil also peaked in 2004 and it hasbeen falling over the past seven years.
0%50%
100%150%200%250%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Total Oil
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PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY ENERGY
5
Production of primary energy
Change
Direct energy contents
[TJ]1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11
Total primary production 40 252 424 605 655 578 1 164 873 1 314 815 1 009 759 983 705 887 199 109%
Crude oil 12 724 255 959 391 563 764 526 796 224 554 826 522 733 470 447 84%
Natural gas 17 115 967 196 852 310 307 392 868 314 910 307 490 264 632 128%
Waste, non-renewable 4 787 6 975 10 308 13 676 17 006 17 705 17 160 17 347 149%
Renewable energy 22 724 45 705 56 854 76 365 108 717 122 318 136 322 134 774 195%
Production and consumption of renewable energy
ChangeDirect energy contents[TJ]
1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11
Production of renewable
energy 22 724 45 705 56 854 76 365 108 717 122 318 136 322 134 774 195%
Solar 50 100 213 335 419 591 657 784 686%
Wind 38 2 197 4 238 15 268 23 810 24 194 28 114 35 187 1 502%
Hydro 123 101 109 109 81 68 74 61 -39.8%
Geothermal - 96 94 116 344 483 425 331 245%
Biomass 22 023 39 996 47 511 54 039 73 542 82 841 91 739 83 436 109%
- Straw 4 840 12 481 13 050 12 220 18 485 17 360 23 587 19 756 58.3%
- Wood chips - 1 724 2 340 2 744 6 082 9 823 11 319 11 291 555%
- Firewood 7 621 8 757 11 479 12 432 17 667 23 054 23 779 20 469 134%
- Wood pellets - 1 575 2 099 2 984 3 262 2 432 2 394 2 411 53.1%
- Wood waste 3 710 6 191 5 694 6 895 6 500 6 911 7 738 7 523 21.5%
- Waste, renewable 5 851 8 524 12 598 16 715 20 786 21 639 20 973 21 202 149%
- Bio oil - 744 251 49 761 1 622 1 949 784 5.3%
Biogas 184 752 1 758 2 912 3 830 4 171 4 278 4 106 446%
Bio diesel - - - - 2 632 3 268 2 875 2 965
Heat pumps 306 2 462 2 931 3 585 4 058 6 703 8 159 7 903 221%
Imports of renewable energy - - 233 2 466 16 286 24 290 36 453 42 405
Firewood - - - - 1 963 2 005 2 939 3 332
Wood chips - - - 305 1 521 4 210 4 851 5 817
Wood pellets - - 233 2 161 12 802 17 836 27 535 27 731
Bio gasoline - - - - - 204 1 118 2 109
Bio diesel - - - - - 35 11 3 416
Exports of renewable energy - - - - 2 632 3 122 2 846 2 092
Bio gasoline - - - - - - - 96
Bio diesel - - - - 2 632 3 122 2 846 1 996
Stock changes and statisticaldifferences
- - 3 3 1 - 0 - 39 - 831
Consumption of rene-wable energy
22 724 45 702 57 091 78 831 122 370 143 485 169 968 174 256 281%
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PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY ENERGY
6
Primary energy production Primary energy refers to crude oil, natural gas,renewable energy (including renewable waste) and
non-renewable waste.
Primary energy production has grown rapidly in the
period 1990-2000. Production of crude oil increased
steadily up to 2004, after which it fell.
In 2011, primary energy production was 887 PJ, as
opposed to 984 PJ in 2010. This corresponds to a
drop of 9.8%. Primary energy production peaked at
1315 PJ in 2005.
Production of crude oil and natural gas fell by
10.0% and 13.9% respectively in 2011, while pro-
duction of renewable energy etc. fell by 0.9%.
Oil and gas reserves Up to the end of 2009, oil and gas reserves werecalculated as the volumes that were financially
feasible to recover from known oil fields and oil
discoveries, using known technologies. The reserves
are being re-evaluated regularly against new oil
discoveries and changes in the basis for calcula-
tions.
At the end of 2009, the Danish Energy Agency
changed the classification system for oil and gas
reserves, introducing the category contingent re-
sources.For the period 2009 to 2011, the state-
ment includes the sum of reserves and contingent
resources so that comparison with earlier state-
ments is possible.
At the end of 2011, the sum of reserves and con-
tingent resources was calculated at 181 million m3
oil and 95 billion Nm3gas, corresponding to 14
years of oil production and 15 years of gas produc-
tion with activity at the 2011 level.
Source:Danish Oil and Gas Production 2011.
Natural gas consumption and flaringon platforms in the North Sea
Extraction of crude oil and natural gas requires
natural gas consumption for production as well as
for transport and off-loading ashore. In 2011 con-
sumption was 24.9 PJ, corresponding to 15.9% of
total Danish natural gas consumption. In 2010
consumption on platforms was 25.7 PJ.
Furthermore, flaring (burning) is carried out in the
production of natural gas in the North Sea fields.
Flaring is not included in energy consumption, but
is included in Denmark's international calculation of
greenhouse gases and is covered by CO2allow-
ances. In 2011, flaring of natural gas was calcu-
lated at 3.2 PJ compared with 4.6 PJ in 2010.
0
200400600800
100012001400
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Crude oil Natural gas Renewable energy etc.
0
100200300
1990 '05 '08 '11Oil, million m3 Gas, billion Nm3
0
10
20
30
40
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Energy consumption Flaring
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
7
Production of renewable energy by energyproduct
Renewable energy includes solar energy, wind
energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, biomass
(including renewable waste), biodiesel, biogasoline,
biogas, and heat pumps.
Production of renewable energy was 134.8 PJ in
2011, which corresponds to a drop of 1.1% com-pared with 2010. Production of renewable energy
increased by 195% during the period 1990 to 2011.
Wind power generation was 35.2 PJ in 2011, which
is 25.2% more than in 2010.
Production of biomass was 83.4 PJ in 2011. Of this,
straw accounted for 19.8 PJ, wood accounted for
41.7 PJ, renewable waste accounted for 21.2 PJ,
and bio oil accounted for 0.8 PJ. Compared with
2010, biomass production fell by 9.1%.
Consumption of waste Consumption of waste for the production of electri-city and district heating has increased significantly
over time. Total consumption of waste was 38.5 PJ
in 2011 as opposed to 38.1 PJ the year before.
Compared with 1990, waste consumption for ener-
gy purposes has increased by 149%.
In statistics for energy and CO2emissions, waste is
split by two components: Renewable waste and
non-renewable waste. According to international
conventions, renewable waste is included in renew-
able energy.
The energy statistics now assumes that 55% of the
waste consumed is renewable waste. This means
that waste accounts for a considerable proportion of
the total consumption of renewable energy. Pre-
viously, this figure was estimated at 58.8%.
Consumption of renewable energy Production of renewable energy has increased sig-nificantly since 1990.In addition, net imports have
increased. Net imports of renewable energy (includ-
ing changes in stocks etc.) were 39.5 PJ in 2011.
Imports include primarily biomass, whereas biodie-sel is exported.
In 2011 consumption of renewable energy was
174.3 PJ, which is 2.5% more than the year before.
Observed consumption of renewable energy was
45.7 PJ in 1990.
The increased consumption of renewable energy
makes a significant contribution to reducing Danish
CO2emissions.
0
20
40
60
80
100120140
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Wind StrawWood BiogasWaste, renewable Heat pumps
0
10
20
30
40
50
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Waste, renewable Waste, non-renewable
02550
75
100125150175200
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Share covered by net importsShare covered by indigenous production
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
8
Renewable energy consumption by source Consumption of renewable energy increased from170.0 PJ in 2010 to 174.3 PJ in 2011. The develop-
ment in total consumption can be explained by a
decrease in the consumption of biomass and in-
creases in the consumption of wind power and liquid
biofuels.
In 2011, consumption of biomass fell to 120.3 PJ
compared with 127.1 PJ in 2010, while wind power
went up from 28.1 PJ to 35.2 PJ. Moreover, con-
sumption of liquid biofuels increased by more than
five times, going up from 1.2 PJ in 2010 to 6.4 PJ in
2011.
Use of renewable energy in 2011 Total consumption of renewable energy in 2011
(production plus net imports) was 174.3 PJ, ofwhich 113.2 PJ was used in the production of elec-
tricity and district heating. Wind power, renewable
waste and wood pellets were predominant in the
production of electricity and district heating, ac-
counting for 35.2 PJ, 19.9 PJ and 19.3 PJ, respec-
tively. Consumption of wood otherwise, straw and
biogas accounted for 19.0 PJ, 14.9 PJ and 3.4 PJ,
respectively.
A total of 61.0 PJ renewable energy was included in
final energy consumption, i.e. for process consump-
tion and consumption for heating in the agriculture
and industry sector, in the commercial and publicservice sector, as well as for space heating in
households. In final energy consumption, biomass,
particularly firewood, is most prominent.
Renewable energy share of total energyconsumption
Observed energy consumption shows the registered
amount of energy consumed in a calendar year. In
2011 renewable energy covered 22.0% of total
observed energy consumption, as opposed to
20.1% the year before. In 1990 this figure was
6.1%.
Adjusted gross energy consumption is found byadjusting observed energy consumption for the fuel
consumption linked to foreign trade in electricity,
and by adjusting for fluctuations in climate with
respect to a normal weather year. In 2011 renewa-
ble energy's share of adjusted gross energy con-
sumption was 21.8%, as opposed to 20.2% the
previous year. In 1990 this figure was 5.9%.
Except for in years with large net exports of elec-
tricity, the renewable energy share shows an iden-
tical trend when calculated according to the two
different methods.
0
20
40
60
80100
120140
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Liquid biofuelsWindBiogas BiomassOther
0
20
40
60
80
100120
Electricity and district
heating Final energyconsumption
PJ
WindWood StrawWaste BiogasOther renewables
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
Share of observed energy consumption
Share of adjusted energy consumption
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
9
Share of renewable energy according tothe EU method of calculation
The EU Directive on renewable energy prescribes a
different method for calculating the share of renew-
able energy than those used above.
The EUs calculation is based on final energy con-
sumption as the expression of energy consumption
by end-users, excl. cross-border trade and con-
sumption for non-energy purposes. Distribution
losses and own use in the production of electricity
and district heating are added to this final energy
consumption. In the EU method, renewable energy
is defined as end-consumption of renewable energy
as well as consumption of renewable energy for the
production of electricity and district heating. The EU
has yet to lay down details for the calculation me-
thod.
According to the EU method of calculation, the re-
newable energy share was 23.6% in 2011, as op-
posed to 22.1% the year before, i.e. around 2 per-centage points higher than in the national calcula-
tions.
Wind power capacity and wind powersshare of domestic electricity supply
In 2011, wind power generation accounted for
28.1% of domestic electricity supply, compared
with 21.9% in 2010 and only 1.9% in 1990.
Wind power capacity was 3952 MW in 2011, as
opposed to 3802 MW the year before. Onshore and
offshore wind power capacity was 3081 MW and
872 MW, respectively, in 2011. In 1990 total wind
power capacity was 326 MW.
Trends in wind power capacity and production do
not always correspond, as annual wind power
generation is highly dependent on wind conditions,
which can be quite variable in Denmark. Further-
more, when capacity goes up, this is not reflected
fully in the production until in the following year,
as production from new capacity is limited to the
part of the year in which the installations are in
operation. This was especially evident in 2009 and
2010, when a large part of the new capacity was
put into operation during the final months of the
year.Wind power onshore by municipality Total wind power generation was 35.2 PJ in 2011.
Of this, onshore installations accounted for 65.4%
and offshore installations accounted for 34.6%.
Wind power generation from onshore installations
varies across Denmark. Municipalities with west-
facing coastlines have many onshore wind turbines,
and the favourable wind conditions in these areas
contribute to high production from these installa-
tions.
In 2011 the turbines in the five municipalities with
the highest wind power production thus together
accounted for a production of 6.6 PJ, or 28.3% of
total wind power generation from onshore installa-tions.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Share of renewable energy according to the EU
method of calculations
0
5001000150020002500300035004000
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
MW
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Wind power offshore capacity, MW
Wind power onshore capacity, MW
Wind power's share of domestic electricity
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
10
Number and total capacity of wind turbines by size [MW]
1980 1990 2000 2010 2011
On-shore
On-shore
Onshore Off-shore
Total On-shore
Off-shore
TotalOn-
shoreOff-
shoreTotal
Total number of windturbines
68 2 666 6 219 41 6 260 4 631 404 5 035 4 563 405 4 968
- 499 kW 68 2 656 3 677 11 3 688 1 495 11 1 506 1 374 11 1 385
500 - 999 kW - 8 2 283 10 2 293 2 585 10 2 595 2 572 10 2 582
1 000 - 1 999 kW - 2 251 - 251 366 - 366 365 - 365
2 000 - kW - - 8 20 28 185 383 568 252 384 636
Total capacity of windturbines [MW]
3 326 2 340 50 2 390 2 935 868 3 802 3 081 872 3 952
- 499 kW 3 317 533 5 538 268 5 273 243 5 248
500 - 999 kW - 6 1 512 5 1 517 1 758 5 1 763 1 749 5 1 754
1 000 - 1 999 kW - 3 279 - 279 451 - 451 449 - 449
2 000 - kW - - 16 40 56 458 858 1 316 640 862 1 501
Wind power capacity by turbine size The total number of wind turbines fell slightly from2010 to 2011, while the total wind power capacity
grew by 150 MW.
For some years now, the trend has been toward
fewer but larger turbines. There were 1292 fewer
turbines in 2011 than in 2000. This is due to a fall of
2014 in the number of turbines with capacities of
999 kW and below, as well as an increase of 722 in
the number of larger turbines.
Similarly, turbines with a capacity below 500 kW
accounted for only 6.3% of the total capacity in2011, whereas this figure was 22.5% in 2000.
Wind power production by turbine size The development toward larger turbines is evenmore evident in terms of wind power generation.
Where turbines larger than 2 MW accounted for 38%
of wind power capacity, in 2011 these turbines pro-
duced more than 48% of the total energy from wind
turbines.
Similarly, in 2011 wind turbines with a capacity
below 500 kW accounted for only 5.6% of the total
production.
The most important reason for this is that by far the
majority of the turbines established offshore have
capacities above 2 MW.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
1990 2000 2011
MW
- 499 kW 500 - 999 kW1000 - 1999 kW 2000 - kW
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
1990 2000 2011
TJ
- 499 kW 500 - 999 kW1000 - 1999 kW 2000 - kW
-
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ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEATING
11
Electricity production by type of producerChange
Direct energy contents [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90 -'11
Total gross electricity pro-
duction97 508 93 518 131 987 129 776 130 469 130 984 139 651 126 617 35.4%
Large-scale power units 44 155 7 494 15 119 8 871 49 197 336 246 -96.7%
Large-scale CHP units 52 056 80 639 96 216 73 809 74 932 82 457 83 832 67 362 -16.5%
- Electricity production 36 026 50 157 61 383 41 584 38 402 47 985 43 114 33 346 -33.5%
Small-scale CHP units 18 988 11 869 21 547 21 254 16 500 19 192 16 168 1 536%
Autoproducers 1) 1 118 2 099 4 436 10 172 10 344 7 568 8 103 7 593 262%
- Electricity production 1) - - 17 14 15 18 27 58
- CHP 1) 1 118 2 099 4 419 10 158 10 328 7 549 8 076 7 536 259%
Wind turbines 1) 38 2 197 4 238 15 268 23 810 24 194 28 114 35 187 1 502%
Hydro power units 1) 123 101 109 109 81 68 74 61 -39.8%
Own use in production -5 731 -6 118 -7 372 -5 776 -6 599 -6 917 -7 117 -6 040 -1.3%
Large-scale power units - 2 787 - 590 - 774 - 312 - 2 - 44 - 17 - 14 - 98%
Large-scale CHP units - 2 944 - 5 509 - 6 576 - 4 993 - 6 033 - 6 424 - 6 602 - 5 570 1.1%
Small-scale CHP units - - 19 - 23 - 472 - 564 - 449 - 499 - 456 2 300%
Total net electricity produc-tion
91 777 87 400 124 615 123 999 123 870 124 067 132 534 120 576 38%
Net electricity imports -4 453 25 373 -2 858 2 394 4 932 1 200 - 4 086 4 746 -81.3%
Domestic supply 87 323 112 773 121 757 126 393 128 802 125 267 128 448 125 323 11.1%
Transformation consumption - - - 11 - 1 - - 20 - 110 - 215
Distribution losses etc. 2) - 7 497 - 8 886 - 8 476 - 7 650 - 5 573 - 8 571 - 9 237 - 8 639 -2.8%
Domestic electricity con-sumption
79 827 103 887 113 270 118 742 123 228 116 676 119 101 116 469 12.1%
Consumption in the energy
sector - 1 256 - 1 784 - 2 095 - 1 911 - 2 760 - 3 471 - 3 455 - 3 455 93.7%
Final electricity consumption 78 571 102 103 111 174 116 831 120 469 113 205 115 646 113 014 10.8%
1) Gross and net production are by definition identical.2) Determined as the difference between supply and consumption.
Electricity production by type of producer In 2011 electricity production was 126.6 PJ, whichis a drop of 9.3% compared to 2010. The reason is
partly a decrease in domestic electricity supply, and
partly that in 2011 Denmark had net imports of
electricity as opposed to net exports in 2010.
Electricity is generated at large-scale power units,
at small-scale CHP units, by wind turbines and by
autoproducers (i.e. small producers, whose main
product is not energy).
Large-scale power units generate electricity, partly
as separate electricity production, and partly as
combined electricity and heat production. Of the
total electricity production of 126.6 PJ, 67.6 PJ
(53%) were generated from large-scale power
units, 33.6 PJ as separate production. Separate
electricity production varies greatly from year to
year due to fluctuations in foreign trade in electrici-
ty. Electricity production from small-scale CHP units
and autoproducers was 16.2 PJ and 7.6 PJ, respec-tively. Wind turbines generated 35.2 PJ of electrici-
ty, an increase of 25% relative to 2010.
050
100150200
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Large-scale units, power onlyLarge-scale CHP units
Small-scale CHP unitsAutoproducers
Wind & hydro
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Electricity production by fuelChange
Direct energy contents [TJ] 1994 2000 2003 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 '94 - '11
Total gross electricity pro-duction
144 708 129 776 166 246 130 469 131 818 130 984 139 651 126 616 -12.5%
Oil 9 547 15 964 8 445 4 933 4 036 4 214 2 765 1 626 - 83.0%
- Orimulsion - 13 467 776 - - - - -
Natural gas 8 206 31 589 35 149 31 606 25 492 24 015 28 382 20 917 155%
Coal 119 844 60 022 91 102 55 666 62 865 63 676 61 114 50 278 -58.0%
Surplus heat - 139 68 - - - - -
Waste, non-renewable 836 2 002 2 406 2 938 3 077 2 851 2 689 2 802 235%
Renewable energy 6 275 20 060 29 077 35 326 36 348 36 228 44 701 50 993 713%
Solar 0 4 5 8 9 14 22 54 18 575%
Wind 4 093 15 268 20 019 23 810 24 940 24 194 28 114 35 187 760%
Hydro 117 109 76 81 93 68 74 61 -48,3%
Biomass 1 743 3 928 7 982 10 409 10 252 10 639 15 214 14 455 729%
- Straw 293 654 2 706 3 088 2 145 2 419 3 967 2 818 863%
- Wood 429 828 2 336 3 730 4 346 4 734 7 961 8 213 1 812%
- Waste, renewable 1 021 2 447 2 940 3 591 3 761 3 485 3 286 3 424 235%
Biogas 321 751 994 1 017 1 053 1 314 1 277 1 236 285%
Electricity from renewable energy: Share of domestic electricity supplyChange
[%] 1994 2000 2003 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 '94 - '11
Renewable energy 5.3 15.9 22.9 27.4 27.8 28.9 34.8 40.7 671%
Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wind 3.4 12.1 15.8 18.5 19.1 19.3 21.9 28.1 716%
Hydro 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 50.9%
Biomass 1.5 3.1 6.3 8.1 7.8 8.5 11.8 11.5 687%
- Straw 0.2 0.5 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.9 3.1 2.2 814%
- Wood 0.4 0.7 1.8 2.9 3.3 3.8 6.2 6.6 1 715%
- Waste, renewable 0.9 1.9 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 218%
Biogas 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 266%
Electricity production by fuel In 2011, 50.3 PJ (39.7%) of total electricity produc-tion was generated by coal. This corresponds to a
fall of 17.7% compared to 2010. Natural gas ac-
counted for 20.9 PJ (16.5%) of electricity produc-tion, which is a decrease of 26.3%. Oil and non-
renewable waste accounted for 1.6 PJ (1.3%) and
2.8 PJ (2.2%) of the electricity production.
In 2011 electricity produced from renewable energy
was 51.0 PJ, which corresponds to an increase of
14.1% relative to 2010.
With 35.2 PJ, wind turbines accounted for the
greatest contribution to electricity production based
on renewable energy. Electricity production based
on biomass contributed 14.5 PJ, which is 5.0% less
than the previous year.0
50
100150200
1994 '00 '05 '11Coal Oil Natural gasWind power Other
PJ
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ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEATING
13
Fuel consumption for electricity productionChange
Direct energy contents [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90 - '11
Total fuel consumption 261 835 227 001 304 741 276 974 265 330 272 030 285 399 247 669 9.1%
Oil 47 533 9 215 33 049 40 356 11 867 10 866 8 044 4 470 -51.5%
- Orimulsion - - 19 672 33 503 - - - -
Natural gas - 6 181 30 413 68 868 65 912 48 890 57 152 42 606 589%
Coal 214 012 207 173 226 853 134 205 127 119 146 150 139 411 114 484 -44.7%
Waste, non-renewable - 262 2 944 5 294 7 650 9 492 9 085 9 236 3 427%
Renewable energy 290 4 170 11 482 28 251 52 783 56 631 71 707 76 874 1 744%
Solar - - 0 4 8 14 22 54
Wind 38 2 197 4 238 15 268 23 810 24 194 28 114 35 187 1 502%
Hydro 123 101 109 109 81 68 74 61 -39.8%
Biomass 90 1 428 6 012 11 009 26 469 29 605 40 686 38 891 2 623%
- Straw - 363 1 505 2 021 7 715 6 432 10 207 7 467 1 957%
- Wood 90 745 909 2 518 9 405 11 571 19 374 20 135 2 603%
- Waste, renewable - 320 3 598 6 470 9 350 11 602 11 104 11 288 3 427%
Biogas 39 444 1 122 1 861 2 415 2 751 2 811 2 681 504%
Other fuels than coal for electricity produc-tion
Until the early 1990s, coal was the dominant fuel
used in the production of electricity. In 1990, other
types of fuel than coal only accounted for 8.7% of
total fuel consumption.
This share increased during the following years and
since the late 1990s it has accounted for around
40%-50%.
In 2011, oil, natural gas and renewable energy etc.together accounted for 53.8% of fuel consumption
for electricity production. This represents an in-
crease of 2.6 percentage points relative to 2010
and includes an increase in the share of renewable
energy etc. (from 28.3% to 34.8%) and decreases
in the shares of natural gas and oil.
Net exports of electricity by country Foreign trade in electricity varies more in Denmark
than in any other European country. Foreign tradeis strongly affected by price trends on the Nordic
electricity exchange, Nord Pool, which, in turn, is
significantly influenced by varying precipitation
patterns in Norway and Sweden, where electricity
production is dominated by hydropower.
In some years Danish foreign trade results in con-
siderable net exchange; in other years, including in
recent years, there is relatively modest exchange
overall, although exchange with the individual
neighbouring countries is large. In 2011, Denmark
had overall net imports of electricity of 4.7 PJ. This
was the result of net imports from Norway and
Sweden of 4.3 PJ and 8.8 PJ, respectively, and net
exports to Germany of 8.3 PJ.
0%10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Renewable energy and wasteNatural gas
Oil
-40-20
0
20
40
60
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Total Germany Norway Sweden
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ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEATING
14
Electricity capacity, end of yearChange
[MW] 1994 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 '94 - '11
Total electricity capacity 10 774 12 598 13 091 13 129 13 004 13 395 13 438 13 586 26.1%
Large-scale units 9 126 8 160 7 710 7 634 7 406 7 446 7 173 7 173 -21.4%
- Electricity 2 186 1 429 444 850 838 838 838 838 -61.7%
- CHP 6 940 6 731 7 267 6 784 6 569 6 608 6 335 6 335 -8.7%
Small-scale units 773 1 462 1 575 1 688 1 767 1 808 1 816 1 811 134%
Autoproducers 339 574 664 671 655 646 632 626 84.4%
Solar 0 2 3 3 3 5 7 17 16 500%
Wind 527 2 390 3 127 3 124 3 163 3 482 3 802 3 951 650%
Hydro power units 9 10 11 9 9 9 9 9
Electricity capacity Up until the early 1990s electricity production ca-
pacity was dominated by the large-scale power
units. Up through the 1990s, electricity capacity in
small-scale units and secondary installations in-
creased. By the turn of the millennium, this capa-
city corresponded to a quarter of the capacity of the
large-scale units.
Electricity capacity in large-scale units has de-
creased slightly over the past ten years, while ca-
pacity in small-scale units increased slightly. Small-
scale capacity now corresponds to one-third of
large-scale capacity.
Wind power capacity has also been increasing and
in 2011 accounted for 3951 MW, which is an in-
crease of 149 MW or 4% compared to 2010.
CHP share of thermal power and districtheating production
By generating electricity and district heating to-
gether, it is possible to exploit the large amounts of
heat generated through thermal production of elec-
tricity.In 2011, 63.2% of thermal electricity production
(i.e. total production less wind power and hydro-
power) was produced simultaneously with heating.
This is an increase of 2.2 percentage points relative
to 2010. In 2000, the share was 55.9%, whereas it
was 36.8% in 1990.
In 2011, 76.3% of district heating was produced
together with electricity. The corresponding figures
in 2000 and 1990 were 81.6% and 55.8%, respec-
tively.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
MW
Large-scale units Small-scale units
Autoproducers Wind turbines
0%
20%40%60%80%
100%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11District heating Electricity
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ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEATING
15
Heat production by type of production plant
Number of
unitsElectricity capa-
city Heat capacity
Share of total
heat supply
[MW] [MJ/s] [%]
Large-scale CHP units 35 6 335 6 439 44.3
Small-scale CHP units 537 1 819 2 218 18.7
District heating by type of producer 1 213 0 11 882 19.4
Autoproducers
- CHP units 308 596 1 641 13.4
- Heating units 108 0 1 143 4.3
2 201 8 750 23 323 100.0
Heat production by fuel
Electricity and heat producers by plant Heat producers by plant
Primary fuelNumber of
units
Electricity
capacity
Heat capa-
city
Share of
total heatsupply
Number
of unitsHeat capacity
Share of total
heat supply
[MW] [MJ/s] [%] [MJ/s] [%]
Coal 14 4 086 3 496 23.7 3 72 0.1
Natural gas 506 2 159 3 371 17.8 408 4 759 6.4
Oil 39 563 443 0.3 269 4 119 0.9
Waste 25 298 881 17.0 15 166 2.3
Biogas 140 72 98 0.6 23 55 0.2
Biomass 21 996 1 488 17.1 285 1 995 11.2
Surplus heat 0 0 0 0.0 15 257 2.3
Solar 0 0 0 0.0 22 109 0.1
Heat pumps and electricboilers
0 0 0 0.0 23 169 0.2
No production in 2011 135 576 511 0.0 258 1 335 0.0
880 8 750 10 288 76.4 1 321 13 035 23.6
Heat supply by type of fuel Danish district heating production takes place partlyat CHP units and partly at units exclusively produc-
ing district heating. CHP units produced 76.4%, of
which large-scale CHP units contributed 44.3%,
small-scale CHP units contributed 18.7%, and CHP
units at autoproducers contributed 13.4%.
Some CHP and district heating units use several
types of fuel. A break down by types of primary fuel
used by units in 2011 reveals that CHP units using
coal as the primary fuel accounted for almost 24%
of Danish heat supply, while units using natural
gas, waste or biomass as primary fuel each ac-
counted for 17-18% of total Danish district heating
supply.
For units that produce district heating alone, units
primarily firing with biomass contributed 11% and
natural gas units contributed 6% of total Danish
district heating supply.
0
20
40
60
80
CHP units District heating
TJ
Coal Natural gas Waste
Biomass Others
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ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEATING
16
District heating production by type of production plantChange
Direct energy contents [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90 - '11
Total gross production 79 016 92 411 119 090 119 725 128 468 130 173 150 096 132 193 43.0%
Large-scale CHP units 30 757 51 511 64 388 56 271 58 248 58 186 69 668 58 340 13.3%
Small-scale CHP units 30 2 145 19 665 33 027 32 727 25 242 28 631 25 013 1 066%
District heating by type ofproducer
43 655 27 755 20 393 12 539 16 707 24 293 29 422 25 841 -6.9%
Autoproducers
- CHP units 1) 130 694 3 857 8 375 14 884 17 154 17 137 17 563 2 431%
- Heating units 1) 4 444 10 306 10 787 9 513 5 901 5 298 5 238 5 436 -47.3%
Consumption in production - - -1 438 -1 533 -1 303 -1 199 -1 132 - 671
Large-scale CHP units - - -1 156 - 866 - 384 - 313 - 331 - 0
Small-scale CHP units - - - 152 - 637 - 656 - 743 - 562 - 465
District heating - - - 130 - 30 - 262 - 143 - 239 - 206
Total net production 79 016 92 411 117 652 118 192 127 165 128 974 148 964 131 522 42.3%
Net imports - 122 141 144 153 153 174 152 24.2%
Domestic supply 79 016 92 533 117 793 118 336 127 318 129 127 149 138 131 674 42.3%
Consumption in refineries - - 428 - 380 - 275 - 355 - 586 - 586 - 586 36.9%
Distribution losses -19 754 -18 507 -23 559 -23 667 -25 464 -25 825 -29 828 -26 339 42.3%
Final energy consumption 59 262 73 599 93 854 94 393 101 499 102 716 118 725 104 753 42.3%
1)Gross and net production are by definition identical.
District heating production by type of pro-duction plant
District heating production is generated at large-
scale CHP units, small-scale CHP units, district
heating units and by autoproducers such as in
manufacturing, horticulture and waste treatment
enterprises.
The greatest contribution to district heating produc-
tion comes from large-scale CHP units. Throughout
the 1990s, the share produced at small-scale units
increased as purely heat-generating district heating
units were converted to small-scale CHP generation.
The same period also saw an increase in production
by CHP units, at waste treatment facilities, in indus-
try and in horticulture etc.
Total district heating production was 132.2 PJ in
2011. This constitutes a drop of 11.9% compared
with 2010, which was characterised by considerably
colder weather. District heating production has
gone up by 10.4% since 2000 and by 43.0% since
1990.
0
20
40
60
80
100120140160
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Large-scale CHP units Small-scale CHP units
District heating units Autoproducers, CHPAutoproducers, heat only
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ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEATING
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District heating production by fuelChange
Direct energy contents [TJ] 1994 2000 2003 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 '94 - '11
Total gross production 113 092 119 725 130 448 128 468 127 416 130 173 150 096 132 193 16.9%
Oil 6 335 4 433 8 107 6 103 4 461 5 892 4 580 2 437 -61.5%
- Orimulsion - 1 291 42 - - - - -
Natural gas 25 370 41 620 41 855 39 377 37 267 35 800 44 641 34 791 37%Coal 55 748 38 873 36 935 34 189 32 989 34 138 36 051 30 959 -44.5%
Surplus heat 2 676 3 622 3 329 3 110 2 687 2 540 2 458 2 673 -0.1%
Waste, non-renewable 6 084 8 651 10 272 10 713 11 803 11 129 10 629 10 860 78.5%
Renewable energy 16 878 22 526 29 950 34 975 38 209 40 674 51 737 50 472 199%
Solar 6 24 51 53 67 100 139 212 3 584%
Geothermal 42 58 82 172 250 241 212 166 291%
Biomass 16 304 21 462 28 787 33 509 36 809 39 037 50 076 48 620 198%
- Straw 4 318 5 696 6 808 7 681 6 727 7 710 11 786 9 738 126%
- Wood 4 327 5 153 9 059 12 086 14 216 16 297 23 613 24 940 476%
- Bio oil 223 39 365 650 1 439 1 428 1 685 669 200%
- Waste, renewable 7 436 10 574 12 555 13 093 14 426 13 602 12 991 13 274 78%
Biogas 348 903 966 1 169 1 020 1 219 1 162 1 215 249%
Heat pumps 178 78 64 72 64 77 147 260 46%
Fuel consumption for district heating productionChange
Direct energy contents [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90 - '11
Total fuel consumption 75 443 69 878 77 823 73 286 78 930 82 789 96 052 83 794 11.1%
Oil 51 304 4 766 5 076 3 726 4 322 4 225 4 516 2 540 -46.7%
- Orimulsion - - 241 646 - - - -
Natural gas - 12 131 18 883 22 203 22 044 23 320 28 379 22 049 81.8%
Coal 13 527 30 898 28 701 19 459 17 121 17 126 18 102 15 528 -49.7%
Surplus heat - - - - - - - -
Waste, non-renewable 4 492 6 289 6 778 7 675 8 138 7 269 7 122 7 086 12.7%
Renewable energy 6 120 15 794 18 386 20 223 27 305 30 850 37 934 36 592 132%
Solar - 6 6 24 53 105 143 212 3 434%
Geothermal - 96 94 116 344 483 425 331 245%
Biomass 6 105 15 611 17 894 19 425 26 125 29 451 36 506 35 057 125%
- Straw 290 3 640 4 753 5 013 5 934 6 086 8 577 7 452 105%
- Wood 324 3 541 4 606 4 983 9 484 12 859 17 276 18 161 413%
- Bio oil - 744 251 49 761 1 622 1 949 784 5.3%
- Waste, renewable 5 491 7 686 8 284 9 380 9 946 8 884 8 705 8 661 12.7%
Biogas 15 81 334 582 707 734 710 733 804%
Heat pumps - - 57 75 76 77 149 258
Fuel consumption for district heating pro-
duction, percentage distribution
There was a significant change in the fuel used in
the production of district heating in the period 1990
to 2010. In 2011 the composition was 52.1% re-
newable energy etc. (of which non-renewable waste
8.5%, biomass 41.8% and other renewables 1.8%),
natural gas 26.3%, coal 18.5% and oil 3.0%.
Consumption of natural gas and renewable energy
etc. has increased year by year. In 1990, the share
of natural gas and renewable energy etc. was
17.4% and 31.6%, respectively (including biomass
22.3%).
Consumption of coal decreased significantly from
1990 to 2011. In 1990, this constituted 44.2% of
the total consumption of fuel for district heating.0%
20%40%60%80%
100%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Renewable energy and wasteCoal
Natural gasOil
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ENERGY SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION 20112010
18
Energy supply and consumption 2011
Direct energy content [TJ] Total Crude oilRefinery
feed-stocks
Refinerygas
LPGNaph-
tha(LVN)
Avia-tion
gaso-line
Motorgasoline
Otherkerose
neJP1
Gas-/diesel
oilFuel oil
Wasteoil
Petro-leumcoke
Orimul-sion
Total energy supply
- Primary production 887 199 470 447 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- Recycling 41 - - - - - - - - - - - 41 - -
- Registered imports 640 476 129 861 - - 357 - 53 28 163 - 36 272 93 540 82 919 - 8 014 -
- Registered exports -716 007 -311 846 -6 700 - -4 280 - - -46 431 - -19 150 -53 150 -117 313 - - 319 -
- Border trade -7 518 - - - - - - 821 - - -8 967 - - 628 -
- International marine bunkers -29 442 - - - - - - - - - -10 432 -18 909 - - -
- Supply from blending 1 376 844 - 493 - - 35 - 290 - 2 1 987 50 604 -2 412 888 - - -
- Stock changes 9 983 1 471 - 30 - 13 290 14 -1 688 - 8 886 10 248 13 574 - -1 198 -
Statistical difference 5 766 2 109 - 48 - 193 - - 1 -1 075 - 1 - 387 2 503 732 - - 8 -
Extraction and gasification -25 064 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Refineries
- Input and net production -2 678 -292 886 7 270 14 958 6 063 - - 81 340 - 11 952 122 018 46 606 - - -
- Own use in production -16 001 - - -13 725 - - - - - - - - 510 - - -
Used in distribution -2 275 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Large-scale power units -
- Fuels used and production - 635 - - - - - - - - - - 876 - 4 - - -
- Own use in production - 14 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Large-scale CHP units -
- Fuels used and production -57 660 - - - - 0 - - - - - - 257 -1 915 - - -
- Own use in production -5 570 - - - - - - - - -
Wind turbines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hydro power plants - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Small-scale CHP units -
- Fuels used and production -6 422 - - - - - - - - - - 88 - 2 - - -
- Own use in production - 921 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
District heating units -
- Fuels used and production -1 241 - - - - 0 - - - - - -1 579 - 260 - 3 - -
- Own use in production - 206 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Autoproducers -
- Electricity units - 13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- CHP units -8 209 - - -1 232 - - - - - - - 34 - 741 - 5 - -
- Heat units 1 527 - - - - - - - - - - 11 - - 1 - -
Gas Works - 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Distribution losses etc. -35 071 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Final energy consumption -
- Non-energy use -12 374 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- Road -160 248 - - - - - - -62 003 - 0 - -92 691 - - - -
- Rail -4 799 - - - - - - - 0 - - -3 370 - - - -
- Domestic sea transport -6 385 - - - - - - - - - -5 654 - 732 - - -
- International aviation -35 167 - - - - - - 4 - - -35 163 - - - - -
- Domestic aviation -1 470 - - - - - - 57 - 1 - -1 411 - - - - -
- Military transport -2 652 - - - - - - 4 - - -1 603 -1 045 - - - -
- Agriculture and forestry -23 582 - - - - 129 - - - 25 - 2 - -14 226 - 31 - - -
- Horticulture -5 149 - - - - 13 - - - 2 - - - 383 - 395 - - -
- Fishing -5 751 - - - - 11 - - - 1 - - -5 739 - - - -
- Manufacturing -94 049 - - - - 986 - - - 118 - 3 - -4 904 -3 844 - 33 -6 488 -
- Construction -7 203 - - - - 98 - - - 21 - 18 - -5 370 - - - -
- Wholesale -11 938 - - - - 41 - - - - 1 - - 279 - 0 - - 0 -
- Retail trade -10 239 - - - - 2 - - - - 0 - - 34 - 0 - - 0 -
- Private service -37 016 - - - - 211 - - - - 2 - - 757 - 13 - 0 - 0 -
- Public service -23 545 - - - - 55 - - - - 2 - -1 051 - 20 - - 0 -
- Single-family houses -140 379 - - - - 530 - - - 944 - 18 - -13 698 - - - 628 -
- Multi-family houses -49 468 - - - - 235 - - - - 4 - -1 305 - 28 - - 0 -
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ENERGY SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION 2011
19
Whitespirit,
lubricantsand
bitumen
Naturalgas
CoalCoke
etcSolar Wind Hydro
Geothermal
StrawWoodchips
Fire-wood
Woodpellets
Woodwaste
Biogas Wastesbiooil,
bio-diesel
Heatpumps
Electri-city
Districtheating
Gasworks
gas
- 264 632 - - 784 35 187 61 331 19 756 11 291 20 469 2 411 7 523 4 106 38 550 3 748 7 903 - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
12 624 13 803 149 600 617 - - - - - 5 817 3 332 27 731 - - - 5 525 - 42 095 152 -
- 327 -117 051 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -2 092 - -37 349 - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- 101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 225 - - - -
168 -5 744 -14 924 83 - - - - - - - - - - - -1 180 - - - -
- 1 973 649 4 - 0 - - - 5 - - - - 0 - - 0 120 - - - 0 - 0
- -25 064 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 180 - 586 -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 275 - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 246 - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 - -
- -21 702 -129 314 - - - - - -7 462 -5 170 --16740
- 765 - 36 - - - 67 362 58 340 -
-5 570 - 0 -
- - - - - -35 187 - - - - - - - - - - - 35 187 - -
- - - - - - - 61 - - - - - - - - - - 61 - -
- -29 653 - 478 - - - - - -2 718 -2 718 - - - 838 -2 137 -8 969 - - 16 168 25 013 -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 456 - 465 -
- -8 183 - 82 - - 212 - - - 331 -4 734 -7 086 - -2 524 - 490 - 94 - 505 - 784 - - 215 25 841 -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 206 -
- - - - - 54 - - - - - - - - - 17 - - - 58 - -
- -4 845 - 137 - - - - - - - 945 - - - 587 -1 022 -23 758 - - 7 536 17 563 -
- - 272 - - - - - - - 5 - 42 - - - 389 - 107 -3 039 - - - 43 5 436 -
- - 560 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 554
- - 119 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 595 -26 335 - 22
-12 374 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 554 - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 429 - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - 792 - 107 - - - - - -1 937 - 27 - - - - 181 - - - 381 -5 744 - -
- - 649 -1 084 - - - - - - - - - - 135 - - - - - 903 -1 585 -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- -29 241 -4 113 - 682 - - - - - - 891 - - 951 -4 317 - 153 -1 687 - -1 237 -29 258 -5 100 - 42
- - 410 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 286 - -
- -1 400 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 665 -4 553 -
- - 899 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 456 -2 847 -
- -4 228 - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 358 - 591 - - -16 941 -13 899 - 15
- -2 701 - - - 78 - - - - - 146 - - 832 - - - - - -8 932 -9 704 - 24
- -21 997 - - 10 - 363 - - - -2 905 - 81 -23 801 -9 095 - - - - 9 -6 286 -27 039 -32 732 - 245
- -3 898 - 9 - 10 - 78 - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 362 -34 334 - 206
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GROSS ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
20
Gross energy consumption Change
1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11
Adjusted total gross energyConsumption [fuel equivalent in
PJ]
814 819 840 839 851 815 815 807 -1.4%
Fuels 814 819 840 839 851 815 815 807 -1.4%
Oil 546 355 374 376 352 315 311 304 -14.3%Natural gas 0 82 134 192 192 166 176 160 95.9%
Coal and coke 241 327 265 175 166 172 147 149 -54.4%
Waste, non-renewable 5 8 10 14 17 18 16 18 129%
Renewable energy 22 48 57 81 124 144 165 176 268%
Energy products 814 819 840 839 851 815 815 807 -1.4%
Oil 446 338 335 329 333 300 299 297 -12.2%
Natural gas 0 59 83 98 100 93 94 93 56.8%
Coal and coke 22 17 16 12 11 5 6 6 -64.7%
Waste, non-renewable 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 120%
Renewable energy 16 28 28 33 44 57 55 63 125%
Electricity 249 297 298 286 279 275 273 260 -12.5%
District heating 73 78 79 79 81 84 86 87 12.3%
Gas works gas 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 -69.3%Uses 814 819 840 839 851 815 815 807 -1.4%
Energy sector 17 28 38 44 52 44 46 45 59.9%
Non-energy use 16 13 13 13 12 10 11 12 -4.8%
Transport 144 172 186 203 218 211 211 213 23.9%
Agriculture and industry 228 227 233 227 214 187 186 183 -19.6%
Commercial and public service 130 132 127 125 127 132 130 126 -4.1%
Households 277 248 243 227 229 231 230 228 -7.9%
Observed total energy consump-
tion [PJ]830 753 841 817 835 811 846 792 5.2%
Oil 555 343 372 370 348 315 315 303 -11.9%
Natural gas 0 76 133 186 188 165 185 157 106%
Coal and coke 252 255 272 166 155 168 163 136 -46.6%
Waste, non-renewable 5 7 10 14 17 18 17 17 149%
Renewable energy 23 46 57 79 122 143 170 174 281%
Foreign trade in electricity - 4 25 - 3 2 5 1 - 4 5 -81.3%
Foreign trade in district heating - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24.6%
Observed energy consumption and adjustedgross energy consumption
Observed energy consumption shows the registered
amount of energy consumed in a calendar year.
Gross energy consumption is derived by adjusting
observed energy consumption for the fuel consump-
tion linked to foreign trade in electricity. The ad-
justed gross energy consumption is moreover ad-
justed for climate variations with respect to a nor-
mal weather year. The purpose of this consumption
figure is to provide a clearer picture of trends in
domestic energy consumption.
Adjusted gross energy consumption was 807 PJ in
2011, which is 0.9% below the 2010 level. Com-
pared with 1990, consumption fell by 1.4%.
Observed energy consumption was 792 PJ in 2011,
which is 6.4% lower than the year before, which
generally saw very cold weather. Compared with
1990, observed energy consumption was 5.2%
higher. This should be seen in the context of un-
usually high net imports of electricity in 1990,
which in 1990 led to low fuel consumption for elec-
tricity production.
*) Net electricity exports and climate adjusted consumption
600700800900
1000
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Observed energy consumption
Adjusted gross energy consumption *)
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GROSS ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
21
Gross energy consumption by fuel Adjusted gross energy consumption was 1.4%lower in 2011 than in 1990, however consumption
of individual fuels has followed rather varied trends.
Consumption of oil fell drastically up until 1993,
after which it rose again and stabilised, first at
around 380 PJ and then at around 350 PJ. After
this, there was another drop. From 1990 to 2011,
oil consumption fell by 14.2%. Consumption of coal,
which primarily takes place at CHP units, has de-
creased by 54.4% since 1990. Consumption of
natural gas and renewable energy etc. (i.e. renew-
able energy and non-renewable waste) went up by
95.9% and 249%, respectively, in the period.
In 2011, consumption of oil and natural gas de-
creased by 2.1% and 9.0%, respectively, compared
with the year before. Consumption of coal and re-
newable energy etc. grew by 1.4% and 7.1%, re-
spectively.
Gross energy consumption by energyproduct after transformation
Gross energy consumption by energy product
shows gross energy consumption after a number of
fuels have been transformed to electricity, district
heating, and gas works gas. In other words, the
consumption of oil, natural gas, coal and renewable
energy etc. is a statement of the volumes of these
fuels used outside the transformation sector.
Fuel consumption for electricity production was 260
PJ in 2011, which is 4.8% less than in 2010. Com-
pared with 1990, fuel consumption fell by 12.5%
due to more efficient electricity production and a
growing share of wind power.
Fuel consumption for district heating was 87 PJ in
2011, which is 0.8% more than in 2010. Compared
with 1990, fuel consumption increased by 12.3%.
Also in this regard, production has become more
efficient, as district heating production has in-
creased by 43.0% since 1990.
Gross energy consumption by use For gross energy consumption broken down by use,note that electricity, district heating and gas works
gas are included with their associated fuel con-
sumptions.
Gross energy consumption for transport was 0.9%
higher in 2011 than the year before, whereas in the
agriculture and industry sector consumption fell by2.0%. In the commercial and public service sector
and households, gross energy consumption fell by
3.1% and 0.8%, respectively. In the energy sector
(platforms in the North Sea and oil refineries) gross
energy consumption fell by 1.5%.
Compared with 1990, gross energy consumption for
transport increased by 23.9%. In the commercial
and public service sector, gross energy consump-
tion fell by 19.6%, while it fell by 4.1% and 7.9%,
respectively, for the agriculture and industry sector
and for households. From 1990 to 2011, develop-
ments were very much affected by the fact that
electricity and district heating can be generatedwith ever smaller fuel consumption.
Adjusted
0
300600
900
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Oil Natural gas
Coal and coke Renewable energy etc.
Adjusted
0
300600900
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Oil Natural gasCoal and coke Renewable energy etc.
Electricity District heatingGas works gas
Adjusted
0
300600
900
1990 '95 '00 '05
PJ
Households
Commercial and public servicesAgriculture and industry
TransportNon-energy useEnergy sector
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GROSS ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
22
Final energy consumptionChange
Direct energy contents [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11
Total final energy consumption,climate adjusted
609 585 604 200 635 165 651 093 666 266 632 807 633 799 640 277 6.0%
By energy product
Oil 430 738 321 946 312 655 312 354 312 290 285 619 282 641 279 770 -13.1%
Natural gas - 50 060 70 192 72 674 72 415 66 375 67 776 67 822 35.5%
Coal and coke 21 623 17 243 16 186 12 389 10 826 5 228 5 559 6 080 -64.7%
Waste, non-renewable 288 470 595 763 1 239 947 933 1 036 120%
Renewable energy 15 954 27 972 27 623 32 499 43 541 56 739 55 099 62 920 125%
Electricity 78 336 103 176 111 346 117 572 120 732 113 307 114 723 113 305 9.8%
District heating 57 715 81 679 95 297 102 152 104 675 104 105 106 585 108 797 33.2%
Gas works gas 4 930 1 654 1 271 691 547 486 485 546 -67.0%
By use
Non-energy use 16 253 13 004 13 403 12 619 12 064 10 498 11 026 12 374 -4.8%
Transport 143 337 170 216 184 358 201 209 215 789 209 160 208 770 210 721 23.8%
Road transport 100 945 129 943 139 607 153 666 161 923 160 604 160 245 160 248 23.3%
Rail transport 5 016 4 765 4 957 4 339 4 488 4 533 4 728 4 799 0.7%
Sea transport, domestic 5 588 6 344 7 625 6 857 8 026 7 535 6 533 6 385 0.6%
Aviation 23 642 27 515 28 720 34 822 37 627 34 297 35 795 36 637 33.2%
Military transport 8 145 1 649 3 449 1 525 3 726 2 191 1 470 2 652 60.8%
Agriculture and industry 167 712 159 453 167 794 167 606 158 656 135 733 136 223 136 608 -14.3%
Agriculture and forestry 18 484 22 584 22 083 24 110 22 197 23 913 23 615 23 782 5.3%
Horticulture 11 338 10 540 9 821 8 588 7 412 6 195 5 439 5 387 -48.9%
Fishing 7 312 10 785 8 324 9 451 7 488 6 105 6 049 5 751 -46.7%
Manufacturing 124 586 109 250 120 235 117 806 113 406 92 240 93 981 94 457 -13.5%
Construction 5 992 6 295 7 331 7 651 8 152 7 280 7 140 7 231 14.9%
Commercial and public services 78 314 77 047 77 698 80 607 85 067 84 184 84 099 84 489 9.7%
Wholesale 19 045 13 795 13 307 13 895 12 910 12 214 12 246 12 151 -11.9%
Retail trade 9 702 8 883 8 728 9 324 9 993 10 190 10 386 10 394 17.0%
Private service 25 955 28 812 31 239 32 904 36 247 37 399 37 384 37 809 31.2%
Public service 23 612 25 557 24 423 24 484 25 917 24 380 24 083 24 134 -5.6%
Households 203 969 184 479 191 913 189 052 194 690 193 233 193 681 196 085 6.3%
Single-family houses 155 657 136 823 141 798 139 337 144 194 143 850 143 250 145 011 6.0%
Multi-family houses 48 312 47 656 50 115 49 715 50 496 49 383 50 431 51 073 7.2%
Observed 616 980 580 617 631 471 632 823 658 852 629 657 660 538 631 415 8.7%
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GROSS ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
23
Final energy consumption by use Final energy consumption includes consumption fortransport and non-energy purposes (such as lubri-
cants and asphalt), and energy consumption for
production and heating by the agriculture and in-
dustry sector, the commercial and public service
sector, and energy consumption by households.
Final energy consumption was 640 PJ in 2011,which is 1.0% more than in 2010. Final consump-
tion was 6.0% higher compared with 1990.
Energy consumption for the transport sector in-
creased steadily throughout most of the period.
However, there was a drop in 2008 and 2009. From
1990 to 2011 consumption went up by 23.8%.
Energy consumption in the agriculture and industry
sector fell by 14.3% from 1990 to 2011, while con-
sumption in the commercial and public service sec-
tor and households increased by 9.7% and 6.3%,
respectively.
Final energy consumption by energyproduct
Final energy consumption increased by 1.0% from
2010 to 2011. Consumption of oil fell by 1.0%,
while consumption of natural gas and coal (for
other uses than electricity and district heating pro-
duction) increased by 0.1% and 9.4%, respectively.
Consumption of electricity was 1.2% lower and
consumption of district heating was 2.1% higher
than the year before.
Since 1990, final consumption of natural gas has
increased by 35.5%, while consumption of electric-
ity and district heating has increased by 9.8% and
33.2%, respectively. In the same period, consump-
tion of oil and coal fell by 13.1% and 64.7%, re-
spectively.
In 2011, final consumption of renewable energy
etc. was 14.1% higher than the previous year.
Consumption of renewable energy etc. has in-
creased by 125% since 1990. Renewable energy
grew by 95.9%.
Gross energy consumption and final energyconsumption per DKK million GDP
Economic activity in Denmark, measured in terms
of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2005 prices
(chained values), has increased much faster than
energy consumption.
In 2011 gross energy consumption was 0.522 TJper DKK million GDP (calculated in 2005 prices,
chained values), as opposed to 0.729 TJ in 1990;
i.e. fuel intensity was reduced by 28.5% during this
period. Intensity fell by 1.7% in 2011 compared
with the year before.
If developments in GDP are instead compared with
developments in final energy consumption, energy
intensity fell by 23.1% from 1990 to 2011. This
reduction is less than the figure above, because the
increased efficiency of the transformation sector is
not included. Intensity grew by 0.3% in 2011 com-
pared with the year before.
Adjusted
TJ per DKK million GDP (2005 prices)
Climate adjusted
0
50
100150200250
Non-energyuse Transport Agricultureand industry Commercialand public
servicesHouseholds
PJ
1980 1990 2000 2011
Adjusted
Renewable energy and waste
Electricity District heatingGas works gas
0
100200300400500600700
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Oil Natural gasCoal and coke
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Gross energy consumptionFinal energy consumption
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GROSS ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
24
Final electricity consumptionChange
Direct energy content [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11
Total final electricity con-
sumption. Climate adj.78 336 103 176 111 346 117 572 120 732 113 307 114 723 113 305 9.8%
Rail transport 479 736 854 1 253 1 351 1 422 1 455 1 429 94.2%
Agriculture and industry 27 682 36 597 40 444 43 265 44 093 37 198 37 899 37 226 1.7%
Agriculture 5 086 5 457 5 522 5 968 5 904 5 828 5 920 5 761 5.6%
Horticulture 467 686 960 1 079 971 930 921 903 31.7%
Manufacturing 21 362 29 400 32 854 35 004 35 944 29 097 29 686 29 275 -0.4%
Construction 767 1 054 1 107 1 214 1 274 1 342 1 372 1 286 22.0%
Commercial and public
services21 788 30 147 32 847 35 715 37 479 38 268 38 631 38 043 26.2%
Wholesale 3 599 5 451 5 305 5 936 5 973 5 771 5 740 5 669 4.0%
Retail trade 3 784 5 202 5 134 5 742 6 260 6 338 6 543 6 461 24.2%
Private service 8 347 11 715 13 391 14 903 15 866 16 973 17 087 16 967 44.8%
Public service 6 058 7 778 9 016 9 134 9 380 9 186 9 262 8 946 15.0%
Households 28 388 35 696 37 202 37 339 37 810 36 419 36 738 36 608 2.6%
Single-family houses 21 431 27 011 28 221 28 210 28 279 27 191 27 335 27 226 0.8%
Multi-family houses 6 957 8 686 8 980 9 129 9 530 9 227 9 403 9 382 8.0%
Observed 78 571 102 103 111 174 116 831 120 469 113 205 115 646 113 014 10.7%
Final electricity consumption by use Electricity consumption by manufacturing industrieswas 1.4% lower in 2011 than in 2010. Electricity
consumption is almost unchanged (a drop of only
0.4%) compared with the 1990 level.
In the commercial and public service sector, elec-
tricity consumption increased until 2008, after
which it fell. In 2011, electricity consumption was1.5% lower than the year before. From 1990 to
2011 electricity consumption went up by 26.2%.
The electricity consumption of households increased
slightly from 1990 to 2006, however consumption
has remained almost stable in recent years. Elec-
tricity consumption fell by 0.4% in 2011. Consump-
tion increased by 2.6% relative to 1990.
Electricity consumptions share of total en-
ergy consumption
From 1980 to 1990, electricity consumptions share
of total energy consumption grew quite significantlyin all areas of use, except for the transport sector.
Since then, the share grew moderately until the late
1990s and then stagnated. In 1990, the share was
17.1%, in 2000 it was 18.1% and in 2011 it was
17.7%.
In the commercial and public service sector, elec-
tricity consumptions share of total energy con-
sumption increased until 2001 and has remained
almost unchanged since then. In 2011, electricity
consumption accounted for 45.0% of the sector's
total energy consumption. In manufacturing indus-
tries and households, electricity's share was 31.0%
and 18.7%, respectively, in 2011.For households,the share was lower in 2011 than in 1990.
PJ Climate adjusted
Climate adjusted
25
30
35
40
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Manufacturing
Commercial and public services
Households
0%
10%20%30%40%50%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11TotalManufacturingCommercial and public services
Households
Others
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TRANSPORT
25
Energy consumption for transport by type Energy consumption for transport followed an up-ward trend until 2007, after which it fell in 2008
and 2009. In 2011, energy consumption was calcu-
lated at 210.7 PJ, which is 0.9% higher than the
year before. Compared with 1990, energy con-
sumption for transport has increased by 23.8%.
Energy consumption for transport was 160.2 PJ in
2011, which is unchanged compared to the year
before. Energy consumption for road transport is
calculated as sales in Denmark, adjusted for cross-
border trade. Cross-border trade in diesel fuel,
deducted from Danish sales, was 9.0 PJ in 2010,
while cross-border trade in petrol, added to Danish
sales of petrol, was 0.8 PJ.
Energy consumption for international aviation grew
steadily throughout almost the whole period 1990-
2011, only interrupted by drops in 2002 and 2009.
Consumption increased by 2.7% in 2011.
Energy consumption for transport by fueltype
Consumption of petrol (including bioethanol) fell by
5.6% from 2010 to 2011, while consumption of
diesel fuel (including biodiesel) increased by 4.3%.
Consumption of bioethanol and biodiesel together
went up from 1.1 PJ in 2010 to 5.6 PJ in 2011.
Considering developments from 1990 to 2011,
consumption of petrol (including biogasoline) fell by
13.8%, while consumption of diesel fuel (including
biodiesel) grew by 72.2%. Consumption of aviation
fuels increased by 31.9%.Consumption of other types of fuel fell by 58.6% in
the same period. Other types of fuel include auto-
gas (LPG) for road transport, fuel oil for sea trans-
port, as well as electricity consumption by railways.
Energy consumption for road transport Energy consumption for road transport is by far thelargest contributor to total energy consumption for
transport. This contribution was almost unchanged
from 1990 to 2011. In 2011, road transport's shareof total energy consumption was 76.0%.
Consumption of diesel fuel has increased signifi-
cantly since 1990 and has been the most common
fuel for road transport since 2006. In 2011, diesel
fuel (including biodiesel) accounted for 60.0% of
total energy consumption for transport, as opposed
to 42.1% in 1990.
0
50
100150200250
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Gasoline DieselAviation fuels Other fuels
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Road transport, share of energy consumptionin transport
Diesel oil, share of energy consumption inroad transport
0
50
100150200250
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Road RailDomestic sea transport Domestic aviation
International aviation Military transport
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TRANSPORT
26
Final energy consumption by passenger andfreight transport
In the composition of energy consumption for
transport of passengers and freight, vans less than
two tonnes are included under passenger transport,
whereas vans of 2-6 tonnes are included under
freight transport. This year, the statement has been
revised due to new data from the Danish Road
Directorate and Statistics Denmark.
Out of the total energy consumption for transport in
2011, which amounted to 210.7 PJ, passenger
transport accounted for 147.1 PJ, corresponding to
69.8%. Energy consumption for freight transport
was 61.0 PJ, corresponding to 28.9%, while energy
consumption for transport by Danish Defence was
2.7 PJ.
Energy consumption for passenger transport grew
by 0.7% from 2010 to 2011, while energy con-
sumption for freight transport fell by 0.4%. Consid-
ering the trend from 1990 to 2011, energy con-
sumption for passenger transport increased by
24.7%, while energy consumption for freight trans-
port increased by 20.4%.
Energy consumption for passenger trans-
port by means of transportEnergy consumption for passenger transport is
mainly used for transport by car and for interna-
tional aviation. In 2011, energy consumption for
these categories made up 67.4% and 21.0%, re-
spectively, of total energy consumption for passen-
ger transport.
Energy consumption for cars and vans (under 2
tonnes) increased by 0.5% from 2010 to 2011,while energy consumption for international aviation
rose by 2.8%. From 1990 to 2011, energy con-
sumption for cars and vans increased by 25.9%,
while energy consumption for international aviation
grew by 53.5%.
Energy consumption for freight transportby means of transport
Energy consumption for freight transport is mostly
by lorries and vans (2-6 tonnes). In 2011, energy
consumption by these types of vehicle made up
38.3% and 48.9%, respectively, of total energy
consumption for freight transport.
Energy consumption for lorries increased by 3.6%
from 2010 to 2011, while energy consumption for
vans fell by 3.8%. From 1990 to 2011, energy
consumption for lorries increased by 0.7%, while
energy consumption for vans increased by 56.3%.
0
50
100150200250
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Transport of passengers Transport of goods
Military transport
PJ
0
1020
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Trucks Vans, 2-6 tonnesDomestic sea transport TrainAviation
PJ
Internationalaviation
0
50
100
150
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Busses
Domestic aviation
Domestic sea transport
Passenger cars and vans under 2 tonnes
Two-wheeled (mc and moped) Train,S-trainand metro
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TRANSPORT/AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
27
Final energy consumption for transport
Change
Direct energy contents [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11
Total transport, observed 143 337 170 216 184 358 201 209 215 789 209 160 208 770 210 721 23.8%
LPG 880 464 41 425 323 119 3 - -100%
Aviation gasoline 201 155 153 119 107 82 76 65 -58.0%
Gasoline 67 830 74 327 80 998 88 976 82 126 71 698 66 755 62 004 -16.6%
JP4 7 500 - - - - - - -
Petroleum 129 462 52 39 14 0 0 0 -99.9%
JP1 23 473 28 828 30 189 35 810 39 959 35 297 36 586 38 178 32.4%
Gas/diesel oil 41 053 61 685 70 497 73 077 90 529 99 153 101 893 102 760 66.6%
Fuel oil 1 791 3 560 1 573 1 509 1 379 1 045 868 732 -79.4%
Bioethanol - - - - - 204 1 118 2 062
Biodiesel 139 16 3 492
Electricity 479 736 854 1 253 1 351 1 422 1 455 1 429 94.2%
Road 100 945 129 943 139 607 153 666 161 923 160 604 160 245 160 248 23.3%
Rail 5 016 4 765 4 957 4 339 4 488 4 533 4 728 4 799 0.7%
Domestic sea transport 5 588 6 344 7 625 6 857 8 026 7 535 6 533 6 385 0.6%
Domestic aviation 2 103 3 133 2 488 1 722 1 207 1 469 1 556 1 470 -53.1%
International aviation 21 540 24 381 26 232 33 100 36 420 32 828 34 239 35 167 44.2%
Military transport 8 145 1 649 3 449 1 525 3 726 2 191 1 470 2 652 60.8%
Transport of passengers 97 840 117 921 126 632 139 962 144 752 144 924 146 085 147 080 24.7%
Transport of goods 37 352 50 647 54 278 59 723 67 311 62 044 61 215 60 990 20.4%
Military transport 8 145 1 649 3 449 1 525 3 726 2 191 1 470 2 652 61.0%
Final energy consumption in agriculture and industryChange
Direct energy contents [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11
Total agriculture and industryClimate adjusted.
167 712 159 453 167 794 167 606 158 656 135 733 136 223 136 608 -14.3%
Energy products
Oil 112 269 65 613 61 224 58 460 53 743 44 515 44 072 43 077 -34.3%
Natural gas - 25 281 35 375 35 606 32 433 29 517 30 798 31 338 24.0%
Coal and coke 19 126 16 315 15 623 12 339 10 817 5 207 5 531 6 050 -62.9%
Waste, non-renewable 25 13 13 72 591 759 759 759
Renewable energy 5 249 10 076 8 553 8 609 8 171 11 340 10 533 11 266 11.8%
Electricity 27 682 36 597 40 444 43 265 44 093 37 198 37 899 37 226 1.7%
District heating 2 949 5 409 6 399 9 210 8 788 7 155 6 589 6 850 26.6%
Gas works gas 413 149 164 45 19 42 41 42 -71.7%
Branches
Agriculture and forestry 18 484 22 584 22 083 24 110 22 197 23 913 23 615 23 782 5.3%
Horticulture 11 338 10 540 9 821 8 588 7 412 6 195 5 439 5 387 -48.9%
Fishing 7 312 10 785 8 324 9 451 7 488 6 105 6 049 5 751 -46.7%
Manufacturing industries 124 586 109 250 120 235 117 806 113 406 92 240 93 981 94 457 -13.5%
Building and construction 5 992 6 295 7 331 7 651 8 152 7 280 7 140 7 231 14.9%
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AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
28
Energy and electricity consumption inagriculture and industry
Agriculture and industry covers agriculture (in-
cluding machine stations and forestry), horticul-
ture, fishing, manufacturing industries (excl.
refineries), as well as building and construction.
Manufacturing industries account for around 70%
of total energy consumption in the agriculture
and industry sector.
In 2011 climate adjusted energy consumption in
agriculture and industry was 136.6 PJ, which is
0.3% higher than the year before. Compared
with 1990, energy consumption decreased by
14.3%.
Electricity consumption in 2011 was 37.2 PJ after
adjusting for climate variation. This is 1.8% less
than the year before. Compared with 1990, elec-
tricity consumption increased by 1.7%.
Energy consumption in agriculture andindustry by energy products
In 2011, consumption of natural gas, coal and
renewable energy etc. by the agriculture and
industry sector increased by 1.8%, 9.4% and
6.5%, respectively, compared with 2010, while
oil consumption fell by 2.3%. Consumption of
electricity fell by 1.8%, while consumption of
district heating was 4.0% higher in 2011 than
the year before.
Consumption of natural gas in the period 1990-
2011 increased by 24.0%, while consumption of
oil and coal fell by 34.3% and 62.9%, respec-
tively. Consumption of renewable energy etc.increased by 19.2%. Consumption of electricity
and district heating has increased by 1.7% and
26.6%, respectively, since 1990.
Energy consumption by individual industry in
the agriculture and industry sector
Energy consumption in agriculture increased by
0.7% in 2011. In horticulture and fishing, energy
consumption fell by 1.0% and 4.9%, respec-
tively. Energy consumption in manufacturing
industries and in building and construction went
up by 0.5% and 1.3%, respectively.
From 1990 to 2011, energy consumption in agri-
culture increased by 5.3%, while in building and
construction consumption increased by 14.9%.
In horticulture, fishing and manufacturing indus-
tries, energy consumption fell by 48.9%, 46.7%
and 13.5%, respectively.
Compared to 1990, agricultures share of total
energy consumption by the agriculture and in-
dustry sector increased from 14.2% to 17.4%,
while the share of manufacturing industries rose
from 68.5% to 69.1%. The other industries each
accounted for about 4% to 5% of energy con-
sumption in 2011.
Climate adjusted
Climate adjustedPJ
0
50
100150200
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Total energy consumption
Electricity consumption
Climate adjusted
Electricity District heating
0
2040
60
80
100120140160180
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Oil Natural gas
Coal and coke Renewable energy etc.
0
20
40
60
80
100120140160180
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Agriculture and forestry Horticulture
Fishing ManufacturingConstruction
-
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AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
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Electricity consumptions share of totalenergy consumption
Electricity consumption's share of total energy con-
sumption in the agriculture and industry sector
increased from 23.0% in 1990 to 27.2% in 2011.
In manufacturing industries the share of electricity
increased from 26.9% in 1990 to 31.0% in 2011.
In agriculture the share of electricity was 24.2% in
both 1990 and 2011. For horticulture, the share of
electricity has increased strongly over the years.
The share was 16.8% in 2011 compared to 6.5% in
1990.
Energy and electricity consumption inmanufacturing industries
Climate adjusted energy consumption in manufac-
turing industries increased from 94.0 PJ in 2010 to
94.5 PJ in 2011, corresponding to an increase of
0.5%. Compared with 1990, energy consumption
decreased by 13.5%.
In 2011, electricity consumption was 29.3 PJ, which
is 1.4% lower than the year before. Electricity con-
sumption has fallen by 0.4% since 1990.
Developments in the consumption of individual
energy products correspond to developments in
energy consumption in agriculture and industry as awhole.
Composition of energy consumption inmanufacturing industries
The composition of energy consumption in manu-
facturing industries has changed significantly since
1990, when oil consumption was dominant. In
1990, oil consumption accounted for almost one-
third of total energy consumption. In 2011 this
figure was 17.4%.
Natural gas continues to make up an increasing
share of energy consumption in manufacturing
industries. This share was 31.1% in 2011, as op-
posed to 20.7% in 1990.
Coal's share of energy consumption has gone down
from 12.3% in 1990 to 5.1% in 2011. The contribu-
tion from renewable energy etc. and district heating
has increased from 1990 to 2011. In 2011, their
shares were 9.8% and 5.5%, respectively.
The share of electricity consumption grew from26.9% in 1990 to 31.0% in 2011.
Climate adjusted
Climate adjusted
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
Agriculture and industry,total Agriculture andforestryHorticulture Manufacturing
Climate adjusted
0
25
50
75
100125150
1990 '95 '00 '05 '11
PJ
Total energy consumption
Electricity consumption
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1980 1990 2000 2011
Oil Natural gas
Coal and coke Renewable energy etc.
Electricity District heating
-
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Energy intensities in agriculture and indus-try
Energy intensity has been calculated as climate-
adjusted energy consumption in relation to the
gross value added (GVA), measured at 2005 prices,
chained values.
Energy intensity in agriculture and industry dropped
by 19.6% from 1990 to 2011. Energy intensity
followed an upward trend up to 1993, after which a
drop occurred. In 2011 energ