energy its generation, use and costs pmi mtg
DESCRIPTION
A short survey on the different types of electricity generation from a variety of sources including nuclear, fossil, Hydro, biomass, etc.TRANSCRIPT
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Energy: ItEnergy: It’’s Use, Generation, Costs, and PMs Use, Generation, Costs, and PM
Presented by:Presented by:David Tennant, PE, PMPDavid Tennant, PE, PMP
770770--846846--08280828dvtentdvtent@[email protected]
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DilbertDilbert by Scott Adams
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A little bit about me:
� Experience includes Engineering, Marketing, Executive Management, Managerial Consulting and Coaching� Successfully implemented over $3.5-Billion in projects� Currently developing two alternative energy projects in
North America� Possess BS, MS and MBA, registered Engineer in
Georgia, PMP certified Project Manager� Project assignments include USA, Finland, Canada, the
Caribbean basin, Honduras, Germany, New Zealand, Czech Republic
David [email protected]
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Power Generation and PM
Today’s Objectives:
• Introduce you to different types of power production (energy)(Pros and Cons)
• Share the costs associated with each
• Discussion of PM in the energy industry
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When you flip on the light switch at home:
• Where does electrical energy come from?• How is it made?• How is it transported to your home?• Is it safe?• How much does it cost?• What kind of fuel is used to create electricity? Why should I care?
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Additional Types of Energy not common in SE (yet)
Biomass:• WTE, Waste-to-Energy (i.e. garbage)• Human & animal wastes
Other:• Wind• Solar (limited at present to demo plants)• Geothermal
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Coal Coal used in many power plants around the world
Pro:� Plentiful� Relatively inexpensive� Large reserves in USA
Con:� Hard, dangerous work for miners� Contributes to greenhouse gas/global warming and air pollution
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Control Room
Coal power plants
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How Electricity is Made from Coal
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Notice coal pile for this fossil-fueled power plant
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WaterWater: : used in power plants near a high source of water
Pro:� Very inexpensive� Several large hydro-electric facilities in USA� Clean Energy –no pollution or greenhouse gasses
Con:� Limited– all the good sites have already been developed� Some controversy about downstream ecologic damage (fish, river banks)
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How Electricity is Made in Hydro Facilities
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Hydro-electric Facilities
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Hydro-electric Facilities
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Con:� Nuclear waste from spent fuel stays radioactive for tens of thousands of years� Where to store the wastes� An accident could have wider, more serious consequences than other power plants� Spent fuel must not fall into terrorists hands
UraniumUranium: : used in nuclear power plants
Pro:� Moderate cost� Clean Energy—no greenhouse gasses of any kind� Safe� One plant generates a huge amount of power
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Nuclear Power Facts:
� 430 nuclear plants worldwide� 104 nuclear plants in USA� 77% of power in France is nuclear� 65% of power in Lithuania is nuclear� 20% of power in USA is nuclear
A nuclear powerFacility in Switzerland
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More facts:� Uranium is found in nature as U-238 and has a ½ life of 4.5-billion years. This decay is a natural process.� It has been around since the planet was formed.� U-235 is used in both nuclear power plants and for nuclear bombs.� It is also found naturally; but must be processed for use as a fuel. It gives off alpha radiation.� Splitting the atom releases heat and gives of gamma and beta radiation. Uranium must be enriched by 3% for fuel; 90% for bombs.� One pound of U-235 (enriched) is equal to about 1-million gallons of gasoline in energy content.
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Turbine - Generator
How Electricity is Made from Uranium
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Reactor Containment Vessel
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Reactor fuel bundles(About 200)
Fuel storagepool
Nuclear Plant in SE
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Natural Gas: Power Production
Pro:� Clean—some greenhouse gases, but much less than coal� Large supply in the United States
Con:
� Getting expensive� Natural gas not available in all states
Natural Gas Power Plant
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Remember, Biomass includes:
• Wood • Plant materials such as peanut hulls, pecan shells, sawgrass, etc.• Sugar cane residues• Garbage• Human and animal wastes
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Biomass: Power Production
Pro:� Clean—some greenhouse gases, but much less than coal� Large supply worldwide� Minimal air emissions
Con:
� More expensive than traditional energy sources� Plants are limited in size and power output� Fuel must be available within a 50-mile radius
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Wood-fueled Power Plants
Energy content of:Wood: 4,500 btu/lbCoal: 15,000 btu/lb
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Poultry Litter power plant
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Garbage: Wastes-to-Energy Power Production
Pros:• Good way to dispose of waste when running out of landfill space• Good when water table is too high for landfill use (Florida)• Good for islands with limited space (Caribbean, others)
Cons:• Expensive• Serious air emissions challenges• Usually a lot of truck traffic
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How Electricity is Made from GarbageHow Electricity is Made from Garbage
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WTE PlantHawaii
WTE PlantMassachusetts
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Wind Energy
Pro:• No air emissions or greenhouse gasses• Competitive costs
Con:• Not much power output per unit• Hazardous to birds• What if there’s no wind?
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Solar Energy Pro:• Clean, non-polluting• Energy Source is free (sun)
Con:• Very Expensive- not yet competitive• Technology for PV’s is still being perfected
Photo-voltaic cells on rooftopsGenerate 18 kW
Critical to commercial success of PV technologies are advances in module efficiencies; and improvements in cost and reliability.
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Also used to create steam for use in power plant turbines
Solar collectors near Newnan, GA
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What about costs?
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Project Management Challenges In
The Energy Industry
Always assess your risks…
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Project Management ChallengesIn the Energy Industry
•• Not yet Not yet ““in tunein tune”” with PMIwith PMI•• HavenHaven’’t adopted new techniquest adopted new techniques•• Some utilities are changing (competitive issue)Some utilities are changing (competitive issue)•• Technology of energy production has evolved but Technology of energy production has evolved but
PM has notPM has not•• Not familiar with PMP designationNot familiar with PMP designation•• Believe that Believe that ““Technical ManagerTechnical Manager”” is best suitedis best suited
for this type of projectfor this type of project
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Project Management ChallengesIn the Energy Industry
Techniques that Energy Biz would really find useful:
• Risk Reviews• Use of Earned Value to Track Projects• Communications Planning• Team Building Techniques• Better Project Planning • Stronger Definition of Roles and Responsibilities• Improved Documentation
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Project Managers need key managerial skills more than technical skills:
• Strong communication skills—written & verbal• Ability to grasp situations and its implications• Can sell ideas and obtain executive support
(negotiations)• Motivate the team• Staying focused on the deliverables and end results• Managing client expectations• Resolving conflict
Project Management ChallengesIn the Energy Industry
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Project Management ChallengesIn the Energy Industry
Yearly Utility Conferences:
PowerGen Power Engineering ASME Power Conference IEEE
More recently, a variety of biomass power conferenceshave been conducted
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Project Management ChallengesIn the Energy Industry
Key Points in Energy:Key Points in Energy:
Energy biz is growing--worldwide. Especially in: • Nuclear• Wind• Biomass• Alternative fuels (bio-diesel)
Not growing:• Coal (at least in USA)• Ethanol
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Project Management ChallengesIn the Energy Industry
Positions available:•Project Management•Engineering•Marketing•Sales•Planning•Safety
Note that alternative energy will most likely be funded with Federal spending. The private sector is taking a “wait and see” approach.
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Summary Points
• The demand for energy is growing world wide• There is a shift away from coal—in the USA• There is an emphasis on a mix of alternative energy sources:
Biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, nuclear
• These alternative sources of energy are more costly than traditional energy (coal, gas, oil)
• Project Management can and should play a leading role inthe energy industry
• There are career opportunities for strong PMs—esp if youhave a technical background
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Dilbert Dilbert by Scott Adams
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Thank you!