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1 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Planning of New Industrial Parks & Investments Zones
June 2014
Thomas Kraubitz
Energy Input on material presented:
Josef Broll
EGS-Plan Stuttgart
Andreas Koch
EIFER Karlsruhe
2 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Content / Objective
I. Energy efficiency/ Overview of policy framework and
objectives
II. Energy technology / Overview of technical
relationships and opportunities
III. Energy planning / Influence of the urban planner on
the energy efficiency of a city district
3 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Content / Objective
4 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Study Europacity Berlin
5 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Study Europacity Berlin
6 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Study Europacity Berlin
7 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Study Europacity Berlin
8 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Study Europacity Berlin
9 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Study Europacity Berlin
10 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Study Europacity Berlin
11 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Comparison of energy production concepts
Quelle: Stadtökologie in neuen Gewerbequartieren
12 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Study Europacity Berlin
13 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Studies Zero Emission Parks
Quelle: IfaS
Streams of Energy in Industrial District Knippenburg & Kruppwald Bottrop, Germany
Current Situation
14 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Studies Zero Emission Parks
Quelle: IfaS
Streams of Energy in Industrial District IG Nord Kaiserslautern, Germany
Current Situation
15 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Studies Zero Emission Parks
Quelle: IfaS
Streams of Energy in Industrial District Technology Park Bremen, Germany
Current Situation
16 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Studies Zero Emission Parks
Quelle: IfaS
Streams of Energy in Industrial District Knippenburg & Kruppwald Bottrop, Germany
Future Situation
17 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Studies Zero Emission Parks
Quelle: IfaS
Streams of Energy in Industrial District IG Nord Kaiserslautern, Germany
Future Situation
18 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Case Studies Zero Emission Parks
Quelle: IfaS
Streams of Energy in Industrial District Technology Park Bremen, Germany
Future Situation
19 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Development of the requirements / construction practice
© IGS
20 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Developments in the built environment / Key words
Low-energy house
Passive house
3-liter house
Zero Energy House
Plus-Energy House
KfW 70 / 55 / 40
Carbon Zero
Building as power plant
Smart City
© STZ-EGS
© STZ-EGS
© STZ-EGS
21 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Level of influence on the energy efficiency
Construction / active
measures Efficient ventilation (WRG)
Efficient heating (heat pump,
CHP)
Renewable energy
Construction / passive
measures Compactness
Heat protection
Optimization of solar gains
Infrastructure / central systems Local heating
District heating
Waste heat, renewable energy, …
Combined heat, cooling and power
Planning and design Compact residential buildings
Shading
Solar optimisation
22 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Energetic evaluation criteria
Quality of the building envelope (HT')
Useful heat demand (heating / cooling energy)
Final energy demand
Primary energy
CO2 emissions
Primary energy factor
Energy standard based on EnEV (e.g. EnEV -30%)
23 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Possible technologies for building cooling
Technology Advantages Disadvantages
Compression chiller Low investment High operating cost,
working with electricity
Absorption chiller Exploitation of cold from heat High investment, large
coolers required
Combined heat,
cooling and power
High utilization of the CHP Few economic and
ecologic benefits
Solar cooling No operating cost, integrated
into the ventilation system,
good addition to DHW
High investment, little
operating experience
Direct cooling
soil, groundwater,
ice storage
Low operating cost High investment
24 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
What does not really work…
Seasonal storage of solar heat
in small plants
excessive heat loss
District heating systems with
heat pumps as a heat source
Temperature level ist too high for a heat pump
Combination of solar heating
with CHP
both systems are to be operated in summer,
-> interfere with each other
Operation of absorption chillers
(AKM) with heating
AKM requires high temperature, District heating
is lowered in the summer
Direct cooling from surface
waters
Too high water temperatures in extreme heat
(>20 °C)
Direct heating with PV electricity Current is too valuable for this; Supply and
demand hardly fit together
…but is repeatedly suggested!
25 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Energy planning - Different levels of planning
Local climate protection concepts
Analysis of the entire city / Energy and CO2 balance
strategic development plan for the municipality
Integral energy concepts for new quarters
Analysis of the framework
Collection of ideas for new developments / energetic and economic
reviews / Definition of potential targets
Contribution to urban planning
Building concepts / district heating concepts
Detailed analyzes on the basis of existing structures or concrete
plans Preparing a concrete investment decision
26 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Developing energy concepts
Competition Development
Framework Infrastructure Development
plan
Building
initial ideas, often
very innovative, but
little concrete
Pro
ces
sin
g d
ep
th o
f th
e e
ne
rgy c
on
ce
pt
Establishing building energy
standards, determine the type
of heat supply
Clarify the framework, defining
fundamental technical
possibilities
if necessary, detailed plans
for local / district heating
Building Energy
Concepts
27 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Example: Hartenecker Höhe, Ludwigsburg
First observations in 2005 :
Clarify the boundary conditions,
study principal supply options
Revision in the course of B-
Plan process in 2007/08
Example calculations for
improved energy standards
Demand calculations for the total
area
Investigation of heat supply with
different energy sources
Cost considerations
Ecological assessment
Technical feasibility of
Woodchip plant
Natural- or biogas CHP
Straw heating
Connection to Biomass CHP
Decentralized geothermal
probe heat pump
Implementation (from 2009):
KfW minimum standard 60/40,
funding for KfW 40
central heat supply with
connection to biomass CHP
decentralized heat supply from
renewable energy sources are
permitted in some areas
Development of a support
framework for energy efficient
buildings
28 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
ENV2.3 Energy-efficient development layout
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29 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Targets:
Lowering the energy demand and
increasing renewable energy for the
protection of the climate
Lowering emissions in order to
reduce the escalation of global
warming
Lowering the heating demand in
residential buildings by improving
the compactness, orientating them
towards the sun and avoiding
shading
Manual page 173-184
ENV2.3 Energy-efficient development layout
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30 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
TEC1.1 Energy technology
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31 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Use of solar energy on roof and facade
32 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Targets:
Creating favourable conditions for a
high degree of energy efficiency from
the outset
Reduction of CO2 emissions and of
energy consumption
© STZ-EGS
© STZ-EGS
© STZ-EGS
TEC1.1 Energy technology
33 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
TEC1.1.1 Availability of an integrated
energy concept
Method:
Carrying out an examination to establish whether an energy concept was
created during the course of the urban design process. The scope and
requirements of this energy concept are dependent on the planning phase.
Phase 1: General concept
Analysis of existing energy potential and possible networking with existing
energy infrastructure in the area
Creation of energy balances for heating, cooling and electricity
Comparison and environmental assessment of at least 3 remote and / or
central heat supply options
Recommendations for on-going urban design
TEC1.1 Energy technology
34 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Phase 2 and 3: Detailed concept
As in phase 1, with the addition of:
An economic assessment of heat supply options (investment and operation
costs)
Studies and recommendations for setting the energy standards
Topicality: not more than 2 years prior to securing building approval
TEC1.1 Energy technology
35 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
TEC1.1 Energy technology
Example of documentation – Energy concept „Esslingen Weststadt“ (excerpt)
36 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
TEC1.1.2 Primary energy factor for the
heat supply
Method:
Determination of the primary energy factor fPE (the factor indicates the input
of non-regenerative primary energy for supplying heat) according to the
applicable engineering rules (e.g. DIN 4701-10, Chapter 5.4 or AGFW
Worksheet FW 309-1) or global Determination using the following factors:
No specifications regarding heat supply structure and supply of gas: 1.0
Supply using combined heat and power (CHP) with gas: 0.7
Supply using predominantly renewable energies: 0.4
Supply using renewable energies in CHP: 0.1
TEC1.1 Energy technology
37 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Alternatively, the specification of energy standard may also be evaluated, as
this is generally requires an optimisation of the heat supply in terms of
primary energy. The specification of an energy standard of EnEV - x% is
evaluated with a factor of (100-x) / 100
Evaluation:
Max. EP: fPE = 0,1, linear interpolation of calculated intermediate values
TEC1.1 Energy technology
38 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
TEC1.1.3 Coherent heat supply structure
Method:
Evaluation of the availability of a coherent heat supply structure according
to following criteria:
1. No parallel provision of energy infrastructure, e.g. parallel provision of
gas and district heating grids (except for hotels: A parallel provision of
gas pipelines for cooking is permitted)
2. In the event of district or local heating supply, stipulation of required
connection and use
3. If different types of heat supply are provided in a district, areas are
designated for the individual types of supply (e.g. partial areas with
local / district heating, partial areas with decentralised heat supply)
TEC1.1 Energy technology
39 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
TEC1.1.4 Flexibility of supply structure with
regard to later adjustment
Method:
An examination is carried out to determine whether there is adequate flexibility
in terms of the temporal development of the supply structures. This is the case
if:
1. A phased development process is accompanied by a phased establishment
of the energy infrastructure (this avoids up-front costs)
2. The supply can be adapted to new situations in response to changing
contextual conditions (e.g. use differs from the planned use in part,
changes in statutory requirements).
TEC1.1 Energy technology
40 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
TEC1.1.5 Possible exploitation of synergies
Method:
An examination is made to determine whether it is possible to use synergies in
the district energy supply. Synergy effects can be used, for example, by:
1. CHP (Combined Heat and Power Generation)
2. Use of waste heat from heat sources inside or outside of the district, such
as industrial waste heat (not applicable to heat recovery in ventilation
systems)
3. Combined use of solar energy for hot water preparation and heating, as
well as solar cooling
The measures described must relate to at least 10% of the total demand for
heating, cooling, domestic hot water and where applicable, cooling.
TEC1.1 Energy technology
41 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
Targets:
Control of energy consumption
Differentiated, time-dependent data
capture and control of electricity and
thermal energy consumption
Providing the option to read data in
real time from a remote location
Providing users an incentive to
consciously control their energy
needs over time
TEC1.4 Information and telecommunication infrastructure
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42 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
TEC1.4.1 Smart Metering
Method:
Assessment of the fitted meters’ range of functions as well as an
assessment of the available consumption rates (media, functionality, time-
differentiated tariffs)
Evaluation of the transmission capacity (bandwidth, cost efficiency) actually
available
Documentation:
Evidence of installation
Technical description of the devices installed
Documentation of specific tariffs offered to consumers in the area
TEC1.4 Information and telecommunication infrastructure
43 | © DGNB GmbH / Happold Consulting 2014 – Thomas Kraubitz
Input provided by Josef Broll / EGS-Plan Stuttgart and Andreas Koch / EIFER Karlsruhe
TEC1.4.2 Telecommunications infrastructure
Method:
Evaluation of the bandwidth actually available and evaluation of cost efficiency
in terms of the number of available providers (i.e. the possibility of price
competition).
Documentation:
Documentation of the bandwidth actually available
Documentation of the tariffs of various providers that are actually locally
available
TEC1.4 Information and telecommunication infrastructure