energy efficient building construction in florida 9th ... · 1 exam prep – energy efficient...

1 Exam Prep – Energy Efficient Building Construction, 9th Ed. 1

Energy Efficient Building Construction in Florida 9th Edition

Tabs and Highlights

These 1 Exam Prep tabs are based on the Energy Efficient Building Construction In Florida, 9th Edition (with

references tothe 2017 Florida Building Code) published by the University of Florida. There are several

variations of the same bookcirculating with differing page numbers. If the page numbers do not match with the

comments below, they willnevertheless be in the same order presented.

Each 1 Exam Prep tabs sheet has five rows of tabs. Start with the first tab at the first row at the top of the page;

proceed down that row placing the tabs at the locations listed below. Place each tab in your book setting it down

one notch until you get to the last tab. Then start with the highlights.

1 Exam Prep Tab Page #

Table of Contents

Introduction i

Energy Efficient Construction 1

Why Build Efficiently? 13

Siting and Passive DesignFeatures 29

The Building as a System 43

Air Leakage Materials and Techniques 75

Blower Door 85

Insulation Materials and Techniques 95

Shower/Tub Enclosures 107

Radiant Heat Barriers 123

Windows and Doors 133

Fenestration Ratings 141

HVAC 161

SEER 171


1 Exam Prep Tab Page #

Duct Design and Sealing 183

Domestic Water Heating 199

Appliances and Lighting 225

Mortgage Rate Tables - Appendix I 265

Fingertip Facts – Appendix II 269

Ch. 8 Notes – Appendix III 273

Index 277

This concludes the tabs for this book. Please continue with the highlights below.


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ii Greater profits can be realized around four key concepts: increased sales, improved energy

efficiency, reduced system costs and improved products.

1 Figure 1-1 — Building Section - Notice Knee Wall Insulation in Attic R-19

2 1. Carefully consider the placement of the building on the property to provide maximum shade

(Figure 1-2)

2. Air Barrier System -.place a vapor barrier under the footing and over the ground under the

floor (Figure 1-3)

3 Eliminate leakage between conditioned and unconditioned space: 1. In corner, use single stud

corner ...; 2. Provide adequate bracing near corners and at shear panels;3. At partition wall (T-

wall) intersection — thru end of paragraph; 4. Add 1/2" foam to structural headers; 5. Cover

entire wall with 1/2" foam sheathing; 6. Before lifting wallin place, attach sill sealant material to

subfloor.

4 3. Continuous Insulation System — Install insulation as continuously as possible between

conditioned and unconditioned spaces, including exterior walls (Figure 1-5Ceiling Details)

4.Select and install energy efficient windows — Design buildings with minimal glass,specially

on the southeast and southwest sides - Highlight the 3 bullets following the paragraph.

5 Figure 1-6 - Design cooling and heating system for efficiency

5-6 5. Design cooling and heating system for efficiency. Highlight all five bullets following the

paragraph; 1. Size for heating and cooling load using Manual J techniques; 2.Size latent

(dehumidification) load for cooling system; 3. Compare cost and projected energy savings of at

least 3 HVAC contractor bids and 3 equipment options, Highlightthe 2 bullets following the

paragraph; 4. Consider automatic zoned system instead of multiple separate systems; 5. When

selecting a contractor, do not just go by price but consider the following - Highlight all 5 bullets

6-8 6. Seal ductwork; Size ductwork to meet the heating and cooling load etc.; Place duct work to

supply proper airflow, etc.; Seal all potential duct leaks with mastic ormastic plus fiber mesh;

Design using Manual D concepts; Install returns or jumper ducts, etc.; Figure 1-8 - Test ducts for

air tightness; Figure 1-9 - Test home for pressure imbalance problems; Figure 1-10 - Seal leaks

around removable components with, etc.; Provide for return air duct system where appropriate;

Minimize or remove duct system from unconditioned space; All ducts not inside the building

9-10 7. Seal all building penetrations; Plumbing penetrations (Figure 1-11); 1. Locate plumbing on

interior walls; 2. Use firestop rated caulk to seal holes into attic; 3. Seal under tubs and showers;

4. Caulk between drywall and piping penetrations; electrical penetrations (Figure 1-12); 1. Seal

holes through bottom plate; 2. Use firestop rated caulk to seal holes into attic; 3. Caulk between

drywall and all electrical boxes, etc.;

11 8. Minimize hot water costs


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11 9. Choose energy efficient appliances and lighting

13 Investments in energy … provide short and long term benefits for all

Homeowners - Highlight all 5 bullets

13-14 Builders — allowing increased profit to builders- Highlight all 4 bullets

14 Real Estate Professionals - Highlight all 3 bullets

16 Federal Tax Incentives — Residential — a 30% credit is available on Federal taxes. There is no

upper limit on the credit - Highlight all 5 bullets

Federal Tax Incentives — Commercial Fuel Cells and Microturbines — Businesses are

eligible for a tax credit on systems placed in service, etc. Highlight Fuel Cells and Microturbines

17 Florida Support for Energy Efficiency — Statute 255.2575, Energy Efficient and Sustainable

Buildings — Statute requires … national model green building code.

18 -19 Achieving Efficiency - Building an energy efficient structure — through the end of paragraph -

Highlight all 4 bullets

19 The Florida Energy Code ... was first enacted in 1980 and has been revised and updated several

times since. It is now the Florida Bldg Code Sixth Edition (2017,) Energy Conservation Volume

20 Figure 2-1 Code compliance flow chart — residential

21 Figure 2-2 Code compliance flow chart — commercial

22 Florida Building Energy-Efficiency Rating System - The energy rating for new and existing

residential buildings shall be determined using a Florida Bldg Code approved energy simulation

tool (software)

Financing Energy Efficiency - Energy Efficient Mortgages — These loan products allow the

total amount to increase in relation to the projected monthly utility bill savings from applicable

energy improvements - Highlight all 3 bullets

23 The SAVE Act — strives to further refine the methods used to internalize energy efficiency into

the lending process

24 Evaluating Energy Efficient Products

25 Table 2-2 Rate of Return for Energy Investments (%)


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29 Solar Radiation

Figure 3-1 - The impact of solar radiation is a critical issue because heating and cooling account

for a large part of the energy use in both residential and commercial buildings.

30 With this in mind, the long axis of a building should be oriented within 15° of the east west axis

of the sun's path across the sky (Figure 3-2).

Compact designs gain less heat in the summer (and lose less heat in the winter) through their

skin ... See Figure 3-3 page 31

Two stories are generally better than one to achieve the same number of square feet.A building

should be at least one and one half times as long as it is wide.

In homes, kitchens and dining rooms should be on the north or east side or in the center of the

building....radiation on the west side. Primary living spaces, should be on the south side of

homes.... passive solar heating. Rooms that can tolerate temperature swings can act as insulating

buffers to the living spaces.

31 The actual percentage of glass area shall not exceed the maximum acceptable percentage

specified for the compliance package chosen. Clear glass has a shading coefficient of 1. A solar

screen or film with a shading coefficient of 0.2 would reducedirect solar radiation by 80%.

32 Providing outdoor shade for windows during hot summer month ....through -elements and

landscaping.

33-34 Ventilation - Natural ventilation brings in outdoor air, which passes directly over people to

increase cooling from evaporation on the skin. Natural ventilation is most appropriate ....exceeds

60°F. Protecting against prevailing north winds during thewinter is important in cooler parts of

the state.

34 Cross ventilation allows air to flow from a strong positive pressure area to a negative pressure

area in the opposite wall (Figure 3-5).

35 Fin walls can greatly increase the air that enters a building from windows on the same wall.

Figure 3-6 Incorrect and correct placement of fin walls.

37 The Use of Vegetation in Effective Home Design. Figure 3-8 When desired, vegetation can help

...sides of the building

38-39 Key Passive Design Factors in Florida Home Design: A Checklist: Orientation, Configuration,

Floor Plan, Windows, Building Materials.

43 The Building as a System..most buildings have problems — some simply minor nuisances,

others life threatening - Highlight all 9 bullets


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44 Health and Comfort Factors — If kept at desirable levels, the building will provide comfort and

healthy air quality: Moisture Levels, Temperature, Air Quality, Air Movement, Structural

Integrity, Concepts

45 How Heat Moves: Figure 4-1 - Conduction — Highlight bullets; Figure 4-2 -Convection —

Highlight bullets; Figure 4-3 & 4-4 Radiation — Highlight bullets

46 Air Leaks and Indoor Air Quality. Air leaks often bring in air quality problems from attics, the

outside, and crawl spaces (Figure 4-5) such as: Highlight all 5 bullets

Figure 4-5 Air quality problems from "fresh" air

47 Relative Humidity and Water Condensation — Air is made up of gases such as oxygen,

nitrogen.... RH = the amount of water vapor in the air at a given temperature divided by the max

amount of water vapor that air can hold at that temperature

Figure 4-6 Conditions for Condensation

Effect of Relative Humidity - Highlight all bullets

48 Moisture and Relative Humidity

Figure 4-8 Winter dewpoint temperature inside walls

49 Figure 4-9 Psychrometric chart Summer Condensation in Walls: Figure 4-10 Psychrometric chart

Summer Condensation in Walls - Hot, Rainy Days

Summer Condensation in Walls - Hot, Rainy Days: This results in a temperature at the outer wall

surface of 100°F or more and 100% RH (point 1). Water vapor at this location will condense all

the way through the wall cavity.

50 Systems in a Building — Every building has systems...to provide indoor health and comfort:

highlight 5 bullet points.

Structural System — Key problems that can affect the structural integrity of a building include:

Highlight all 7 bullet points.

50-51 Structural Recommendations — the designer and builder should: Ensure the roof is watertight to

prevent rainwater intrusion: Divert ground water away from the building: Ensure soffits have

been properly installed: Seal penetrations that allow moisture to enter the building envelope via

air leakage; Prevent air from washing over attic insulation: Install a series of capillary — thru

end of paragraph


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51 Moisture Control System — Bldgs should be designed and built to provide comfortable and

healthy levels of relative humidity. There are four primary modes of moisturemigration.

Figure 4-11 Bulk Moisture Transport

52 Figure 4-12 - Capillary Action

Air Transport

53 Vapor Diffusion

54-55 Moisture Problem Example

56 Focus on: Vapor Diffusion Retarders (Barriers) and Air Barriers — A vapor barrier or vapor

diffusion retarder (VDR)... stop all of the moisture transfer.

The Thermal Moisture Dynamic — Water vapor moves in and out of a building basically ....and

by heat transfer

57 Types of Vapor Diffusion Retarders — (DVRs) are typically available as membranes or

coatings. Membranes are generally thin; .....Materials such as rigid insulation.

58 Perm Ratings — The ability of a material to retard the diffusion of water vapor is measured by

units known as "perms"

Table 4-1 Perm Rating of Different Materials

The Florida Bldg Code defines vapor retarder class as a measure of the ability of a material or

assembly to limit the amount of moisture that passes thru that material or assembly. ASTM E96

as follows: Class I — 0.1 perm or less; Class II — 0.1 < perm < =1.0 perm; Class III — 1.0 perm

< = 10 perm

61 Installing Vapor Diffusion Retarders — A continuous VDG with reliable ... also have ahigh

water table

Air Barriers — Air barriers are intended to block random (unintended) air movement thru

building cavities.

The most common air barrier material in use today is "house wrap."

62 Air Vapor Retarders — An air vapor retarder attempts to combine water vapor and theair

movement control with one material. This method is most appropriate for wet Southern climates

like Florida

63 Air Barrier System — Sealing against air leakage is now mandatory, as stated in the FBC-

Energy Conservation Code, Section 402.4 Air Leakage (Mandatory)... It can also cause a

substantial number of other problems, including: Highlight all the bullets.


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64 The basic approach is: Seal all air leakage sites between conditioned and unconditioned spaces:

Highlight all three bullets; Seal bypasses; Install a continuous air barrier material..thru end of

paragraph.

Thermal Insulation System — Thermal insulation and energy efficient windows are intended

to reduce heat loss and gain due to conduction.

Key considerations for effective insulation include: Install R values equal to — thru end of

paragraph; Do not compress insulation; Provide full insulation coverage of the specified R value;

Air seal and insulate knee walls and other attic wall areas with aminimum of R-19 Insulation;

Support insulation so that it remains in place...reside or disturb it..

65 HVAC System

70-71 Carbon Monoxide Disaster

73 Air Leakage Materials and Techniques Air leakage is a major problem for both new and existing

buildings and can: Highlight all 4 bullets.

Figure 5-1 Creating a continuous air barrier system. To reduce air leakage effective requires a

continuous air barrier system to create a tight building envelope.

Most standard insulation products are not effective at sealing air leakage. The R-value for these

products may drop if air leaks through the material. Controlling airleakage is mandatory in the

Florida Energy Conservation Code 2017 Energy Conservation....Air leakage (Mandatory)

74 Infiltration Control — Section 402.4......describes the prescriptive requirements for air

infiltration in: Highlight all the bullets following the paragraph. Contrary to northern

construction practices, a vapor retarder, including vinyl wall coverings, installed next to the

conditioned space is not recommended....Vapor retarders are notrecommended on the

conditioned side of walls in Florida Buildings

75 Air Barriers — Housewraps serve as exterior air barriers ...manufacturer's specifications.

Figure 5-2 Housewrap installation details

77 Materials - Caulk, Spray Foam — Not recommended near Flammable application (fluevents,

etc). Also not permitted — thru end of paragraph; Gaskets; Housewrap; Sheet goods (plywood,

drywall, rigid foam insulation); Sheet Metal; Polyethylene Plastic —This material is

recommended for use under slabs; Weather-stripping

78 Seal Penetrations and Bypasses — Many of the key sources of leakage — called bypasses

(Figure 5-5) are hidden from view behind soffits for cabinets, bath fixtures,dropped ceilings,

chases for flues and ductwork, recessed lighting fixtures or insulation

Table 5-1 Leaks and Sealants


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79-81 1. Slab Floors; 1. Floor Joist; 2. Bottom Plate; 3. Electrical Wiring; 4. Electrical Boxes; 5.

Electrical Box Gaskets; 6. Recessed Light Fixtures; 7. Exhaust Fans; 8. Plumbing; 9. Attic

Access in Conditioned Spaces; 10. Whole House Fans; 11. Flue Stacks; 12.Combustion

Appliances; 13. Return and Supply Registers; 14. Ductwork; 15. Air Handling Unit; 16. Dropped

Ceiling Soffit; 17. Chases; 18. Windows and SlidingGlass Doors

82-83 Air Leakage Driving Forces

84 Measuring Airtightness with a Blower Door

While there are many well known sources — through the end of paragraph.

85 A Pascal is a small unit of pressure ...surfaces of the bldg

86 Airtight Drywall Approach (ADA). In a typical drywall installation, thru end of paragraph.

Highlight all 4 bullets. The airtight drywall approach uses either — thruend of paragraph.

87 Advantages: Effective; Simple; Does not cover framing; Scheduling; Adaptable; Cost.

Disadvantages: Unfamiliar; Requires thought; Requires care.

87-89 Installation Techniques: Slab floors; Exterior framed walls; Partition walls; Windows and doors;

Ceiling; Wood framed floors.

93 Insulation Materials and Techniques: The higher the R-value, the greater the insulation

effectiveness. The key to an effective insulation system is proper installation of quality

insulation products (Figure 6-1).

94 Insulation Materials — Whichever product is chosen, make sure to install it per the

manufacturer's specifications.

Table 6-1 Comparison of Insulating Materials

94-95 Insulation products available today: Fiber glass insulation; Mineral wool; Cellulose insulation;

Molded expanded polystyrene (MEPS); Extruded polystyrene (XPS); Polyisocyanurate; Closed-

cell low density spray polyurethane; Open-cell low —densitypolyurethane foam; Aerated

concrete; Reflective insulation.

96 Insulation and the Environment

Fiber glass and mineral wool — thru the end of paragraph; Cellulose; Foam products and

chlorofluorocarbons.

97-99 Table 6-2 Comparison of Insulation Materials (Environmental characteristics andother

information) — Fiber Insulation


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100 Insulation Strategies: Critical Guidelines; Highlight all 5 bullets; Foam InsulationStrategies -

Highlight all 4 bullets

Foundations: Slab on Grade

101 Walls; Concrete Wall Insulation; Insulating Concrete Block Cores; Vermiculite (<1%asbestos)

R-2.1 per inch; Polystyrene inserts or beads R-4.0 to 5.0 per inch; Polyurethane foam — R-5.8 to

6.8 per inch.

102 Exterior Rigid Fiber Glass or Foam Insulation

Interior Foam wall Insulation

103 Interior Framed Walls

Insulated Concrete Form Systems

104 Figure 6-7 and 6-8 Insulated Concrete Forms Systems (Familiarize yourself with contents of

these figures.)

105 Lightweight Concrete Products

106 2 X 4 Wall Insulation

From the Florida Residential Code: R-307.2 Bathtub and shower spaces. Bathtub and shower

floors — thru end of paragraph.

Table 6-3 2 X 4 Framed Wall Problems and Solutions

108 Blown Loose Fill Insulation

109 Figure 6-13 Blown Foam Insulation

Structural Insulated Panels

110 Structural Insulated Panels Construction

111 Variables affecting performance of structural insulated panels — There are a few important

variables to take into consideration when building with SIP systems: Highlight 1 thru 6

112 Steel Framing

Table 6-4 Whole - wall Test Results of Cold-formed Steel Assemblies with 22-25% framing


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113 2 X 6 Wall Construction: Advantages - Highlight all 4 bullets: Disadvantages -Highlight all 3

bullets. The economics of 2 x 6 wall insulation are affected by the number of windows in the

wall, since each window opening adds extra studs andmay require the purchase of a jamb

extender.

114 Ceilings and Roofs

Attic Ventilation: Vent Selection

115 Powered Attic Ventilator Problems — Electrically powered roof ventilators can consume more

electricity to operate than they save on air conditioning costs and are not recommended for

most designs.

Figure 6-17 Pressure problems due to powered attic ventilators

116-117 Attic Floor Insulation Techniques: Steps for Installing loose-fill attic insulation -Highlight steps

1 thru 7.

Table 6-5 Blown cellulose in Attics

117 Table 6-6 Recommended Specs by Insulation Type

117-118 Steps for stalling Batt Insulation - Highlight steps 1 thru 6

Figure 6-19 Insulating under attic floors

118-120 Increasing the Roof Height at the Eave — One problem area in many standard roofdesigns is at

the eave, where there is not enough roof for full R-30 insulation...Figures 6-20 and 21 show

solutions.

120 Cathedral Ceiling Insulation Techniques

Building R-30 cathedral ceilings

Table 6-7 Cathedral Ceiling Insulation Options

121 Scissor Trusses

Difficulties with exposed rafters

122 Figure 6-24 Attic Blocking Requirements

123 Radiant heat barriers are reflective materials that can reduce summer heat gain by the insulation

and building materials in attics and walls, RFBs work two ways:...for specific details.

How Radiant Barrier Systems Work


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133 Windows and Doors: Many suppliers do not understand that premium windows designed for

northern and central climates are not suitable for Florida; they may increase energy consumption

for cooling....if the windows are well-built, reduce solar heat gain and have goodweather

stripping they will serve you well.

134 Windows: Heat transfer through windows and skylights in four different ways: Solar radiant

energy; Conduction of heat; Convection of air; Air leakage, Radiant energy comes from the sun

.....we cannot see.

136 Conduction of heat thru window ....such as wood and vinyl

137 Convection within a room can be ... shading of the window. Air leakage around fenestration is

obviously influenced by the tightness of the window assembly as well as its installation. Rates no

more than 0.3

Window Performance: Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC); U Factor: It is the inverse of the R-

values generally used with the wall and ceiling insulation. Visible Transmittance (VT); Air

Leakage (AL); Condensation Resistance (CR)

139 NFRC Ratings

140 Table 7-1 Default Fenestration Ratings

Table 7-2: Typical Properties for Complete Windows

141 Figure 7-8 Components of the NFRC label for windows

142 Table 7-3 Florida Fenestration Energy Efficiency Requirements

145 SC was formerly widely used to measure solar control properties, but has now been phased out

…and window treatment performance literature (Table 7-4).

Table 7-4 Window treatment shading coefficient

148 Options for Reducing Solar Gain

149 Reflective Films and Tints — which adhere to glass and are found often in commercial bldgs..,

can block up to 85% of incoming sunlight

150 Overhangs — shade direct sunlight on windows facing within about 30 degrees of south.... on

east and west windows are ineffective unless they are as long as the window is high....designed

for typical hurricane wind loads.

152 Table 7-6 Shading Coefficients for Window Coverings


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152-153 Doors — Energy efficient doors can be fabricated of ... with U-factors about 0.5....Doors without

glass are rated by — thru end of paragraph. Figures 7-10 and 7-11

Table 7-7 Default Door Ratings — U-factor

162-163 Figure 8-1 and 8-2 Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps

166 Heating and Cooling Load Calculations. Many contractors incorrectly select air — thru the end

of paragraph. Highlight all 3 bullets following the paragraph.

170 Equipment Selection — Highlight all 4 bullets

Source of Energy — Electricity and Natural Gas

170-171 Equipment Efficiency — The cooling efficiency of a heat pump or an air conditioner —thru end

of paragraph.

171 Since every degree the thermostat is lowered increasescooling bills 3 to 7% - thru the end of

paragraph.

Ductless, Mini Split System Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps

172 Cooling Equipment SHR Example

173 Equipment Location: Disadvantages of air handler placement in attic, Highlight all 4 bullets. The

FBC includes a series of requirements for installing the AHU in the attic. Disadvantage of air

handler placement in garage - Highlight all 3 bullets. Advantages of air handler placement in

conditioned space - Highlight all 4 bullets.

174 Proper Installation. Proper installation techniques include detailed work in the following areas -

Highlight all 4 bullets. Improper refrigerant charging seriously degrades performance - Highlight

all 3 bullets.

175 Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality.

176 The level of noise for a fan is rated by sones. Choose a fan with a sone rating of 2.0or less. Top

quality models are often below 0.5 sones.

178 Heat Recovery Ventilators — Some models, called enthalpy heat exchangers — thruthe end of

paragraph.

179-180 Sample Ventilation Plans (Figures 8-7, 8-8, and 8-9)

183 The Problem of Duct Leakage — Duct leakage contributes 10 to 30% of heating and cooling

loads in many homes.


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184 Duct Leaks and Air Leakage. Pressure imbalances can create dangerous air quality conditions in

homes, including - Highlight all three bullets. Typical causes and concerns of pressure

imbalances include - Highlight all four bullets.

185 Sealing Air Distribution Systems — The following products are examples of proper materials to

be used to seal duct systems. Highlight all 4 bullets (Figure 9-1)

186-189 High Priority Leaks. Highlight all bullets and figures on these pages.

189 Moderate Priority Leaks. The joints between sections of the branch ductwork.

Low Priority Leaks. Longitudinal seams in round metal ductwork.

190 Testing for Duct Leakage

191 Duct Design: Duct Materials. The three most common types of duct material used in building

construction are metal, fiber glass Ductboard, and flex-duct (Figure 9-9).Flex-duct is usually

installed ....plenum box and air handler.

192 Sizing and Layout. The proper duct size depends on - Highlight all three bullets

194-195 Checking System Air Flow

199 Figure 10-1 Hot water use in typical homes (by place of use)

The average amount of hot water used in various household tasks is shown in Table 10-1

Table 10-1 Average Hot Water Use

200 Energy Conservation for Water Heating. Lower the temperature setting to 120°F -Highlight all 4

bullets.

Figure 10-2 Insulating jackets for electric and gas water heaters

200-202 If needed, wrap the outside of the tank with an insulation jacket (Fig 10-2)- Highlightall 4

bullets; Install heat traps to control the direction of flow; Insulate the first 6 feet of the cold and

hot water pipes connected to the unit; Install low flow shower heads with fixtures that deliver

water at about 1.5 to 2.5 gallons per minute and still provide plenty of force; Put in shut off

valves which are designed to dribble when closed, so water in the pipe stays at the selected

temperature; Include low flow aerators or laminar flow controls ... Highlight all 3 bullets;

Minimize the piping runs to the bathroom and kitchen; Consider installing a drain water...wash

clothes in cold water; Put in ENERGY STAR washing machines; Install ENERGY STAR

dishwashers.

202 Temperature Settings. Some water heater manufacturers supply...6%-10% of energy costs.


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202-203 Other Possible Ways to Conserve Water. Hot water Demand Systems (HWDS); Additional

Water Heaters - Some builders add a small (2 to 6 gallon).... the main unitis activated.

204 Selecting an Efficient Water Heater. Sizing ... the capacity of a water heater should be judged by

its first hour rating (FHR), not its tank size. Gas water heaters have higher than FHRs than

electric water heaters of the same storage capacity. All other things being equal, the smaller the

water heater tank the higher the efficiency.

Fuel Type. Natural gas water heaters are generally less expensive to operate, but not always.

205 Energy Factor.

206 Table 10-2 Minimum Energy Factors of Water Heaters* - Current

212 Types of Available Water Heaters: Conventional Storage Water Heaters; Conventional Storage

Tank: Gas vs. Electric; Special Note on Fuel-Fired Water Heaters .

214 Gas Condensing Water Heaters; ... are the most efficient type of hot water heater swith greater

than 90% efficiency.

214-215 Tankless Water Heaters/Demand Water Heaters ... are compact. The smaller units are typically

mounted under a bathroom sink. Units can be gas fired (natural gas or propane) or electric. No

storage tank is needed because water is heated only as needed... Once the hot water tap is closed

the sensor shuts off the gas; Sizing Tankless Heaters -Tankless water heaters are sized by their

flow rate provide6-10 gpm; Condensing Tankless Water Heaters.

216 Heat Pump Water Heaters

217 Heat Recovery Units

218 Solar Water Heaters.

226 Energy Efficient Appliances

ENERGY STAR. "In 1992 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced

ENERGY STAR as a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-

efficient products to reduce greenhouse gas emissions."

230 Energy Guide Label. The US government established a mandatory....(water efficiency was added

later)

232 Appliance Shopping Checklist

233 Refrigerators and Freezers: The refrigerator should operate between 35°F and 38°F, and the

freezer should be 0°F to 5°F. Readjust temperatures that are outside of this range


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234 Dishwashers. For most uses, choose a unit that ... thru end of paragraph

234-235 Clothes washers

236 Clothes dryers

Cooking

238 Lighting

241 Table 11-3 Comparison of Various Light Sources

245 1 - Incandescent Lamps: Halogen Lamps; Reflector Lamps

247 2 - Fluorescent Lamps; Ballasts

249 3 - High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps

4 - Solid State Lighting

251 Some Other Forms of Lighting. Low Pressure Sodium; Induction; Sulfur (SulfurPlasma).

252-254 Lighting Needs

269-270 Abbreviations, Energy and Fuel Data, Fuel Units, HVAC Equipment Efficiencies

271 Insulating Values — Highlight the table; Pay special attention to Dead Air Spaces and the R-

value of air space in the table.

273 Fuel Cost Conversions

275 Requirements for AHU's Located in Attic Spaces - Highlight all 4 bullets

NOTICE TO HOMEOWNER — Highlight the two paragraphs message under this title

energy efficient building construction in florida 9th ... · 1 exam prep – energy efficient...

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