1 Exam Prep – Energy Efficient Building Construction, 9th Ed. 1
Energy Efficient Building Construction in Florida 9th Edition
Tabs and Highlights
These 1 Exam Prep tabs are based on the Energy Efficient Building Construction In Florida, 9th Edition (with
references tothe 2017 Florida Building Code) published by the University of Florida. There are several
variations of the same bookcirculating with differing page numbers. If the page numbers do not match with the
comments below, they willnevertheless be in the same order presented.
Each 1 Exam Prep tabs sheet has five rows of tabs. Start with the first tab at the first row at the top of the page;
proceed down that row placing the tabs at the locations listed below. Place each tab in your book setting it down
one notch until you get to the last tab. Then start with the highlights.
1 Exam Prep Tab Page #
Table of Contents
Introduction i
Energy Efficient Construction 1
Why Build Efficiently? 13
Siting and Passive DesignFeatures 29
The Building as a System 43
Air Leakage Materials and Techniques 75
Blower Door 85
Insulation Materials and Techniques 95
Shower/Tub Enclosures 107
Radiant Heat Barriers 123
Windows and Doors 133
Fenestration Ratings 141
HVAC 161
SEER 171
1 Exam Prep – Energy Efficient Building Construction, 9th Ed. 2
1 Exam Prep Tab Page #
Duct Design and Sealing 183
Domestic Water Heating 199
Appliances and Lighting 225
Mortgage Rate Tables - Appendix I 265
Fingertip Facts – Appendix II 269
Ch. 8 Notes – Appendix III 273
Index 277
This concludes the tabs for this book. Please continue with the highlights below.
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ii Greater profits can be realized around four key concepts: increased sales, improved energy
efficiency, reduced system costs and improved products.
1 Figure 1-1 — Building Section - Notice Knee Wall Insulation in Attic R-19
2 1. Carefully consider the placement of the building on the property to provide maximum shade
(Figure 1-2)
2. Air Barrier System -.place a vapor barrier under the footing and over the ground under the
floor (Figure 1-3)
3 Eliminate leakage between conditioned and unconditioned space: 1. In corner, use single stud
corner ...; 2. Provide adequate bracing near corners and at shear panels;3. At partition wall (T-
wall) intersection — thru end of paragraph; 4. Add 1/2" foam to structural headers; 5. Cover
entire wall with 1/2" foam sheathing; 6. Before lifting wallin place, attach sill sealant material to
subfloor.
4 3. Continuous Insulation System — Install insulation as continuously as possible between
conditioned and unconditioned spaces, including exterior walls (Figure 1-5Ceiling Details)
4.Select and install energy efficient windows — Design buildings with minimal glass,specially
on the southeast and southwest sides - Highlight the 3 bullets following the paragraph.
5 Figure 1-6 - Design cooling and heating system for efficiency
5-6 5. Design cooling and heating system for efficiency. Highlight all five bullets following the
paragraph; 1. Size for heating and cooling load using Manual J techniques; 2.Size latent
(dehumidification) load for cooling system; 3. Compare cost and projected energy savings of at
least 3 HVAC contractor bids and 3 equipment options, Highlightthe 2 bullets following the
paragraph; 4. Consider automatic zoned system instead of multiple separate systems; 5. When
selecting a contractor, do not just go by price but consider the following - Highlight all 5 bullets
6-8 6. Seal ductwork; Size ductwork to meet the heating and cooling load etc.; Place duct work to
supply proper airflow, etc.; Seal all potential duct leaks with mastic ormastic plus fiber mesh;
Design using Manual D concepts; Install returns or jumper ducts, etc.; Figure 1-8 - Test ducts for
air tightness; Figure 1-9 - Test home for pressure imbalance problems; Figure 1-10 - Seal leaks
around removable components with, etc.; Provide for return air duct system where appropriate;
Minimize or remove duct system from unconditioned space; All ducts not inside the building
9-10 7. Seal all building penetrations; Plumbing penetrations (Figure 1-11); 1. Locate plumbing on
interior walls; 2. Use firestop rated caulk to seal holes into attic; 3. Seal under tubs and showers;
4. Caulk between drywall and piping penetrations; electrical penetrations (Figure 1-12); 1. Seal
holes through bottom plate; 2. Use firestop rated caulk to seal holes into attic; 3. Caulk between
drywall and all electrical boxes, etc.;
11 8. Minimize hot water costs
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11 9. Choose energy efficient appliances and lighting
13 Investments in energy … provide short and long term benefits for all
Homeowners - Highlight all 5 bullets
13-14 Builders — allowing increased profit to builders- Highlight all 4 bullets
14 Real Estate Professionals - Highlight all 3 bullets
16 Federal Tax Incentives — Residential — a 30% credit is available on Federal taxes. There is no
upper limit on the credit - Highlight all 5 bullets
Federal Tax Incentives — Commercial Fuel Cells and Microturbines — Businesses are
eligible for a tax credit on systems placed in service, etc. Highlight Fuel Cells and Microturbines
17 Florida Support for Energy Efficiency — Statute 255.2575, Energy Efficient and Sustainable
Buildings — Statute requires … national model green building code.
18 -19 Achieving Efficiency - Building an energy efficient structure — through the end of paragraph -
Highlight all 4 bullets
19 The Florida Energy Code ... was first enacted in 1980 and has been revised and updated several
times since. It is now the Florida Bldg Code Sixth Edition (2017,) Energy Conservation Volume
20 Figure 2-1 Code compliance flow chart — residential
21 Figure 2-2 Code compliance flow chart — commercial
22 Florida Building Energy-Efficiency Rating System - The energy rating for new and existing
residential buildings shall be determined using a Florida Bldg Code approved energy simulation
tool (software)
Financing Energy Efficiency - Energy Efficient Mortgages — These loan products allow the
total amount to increase in relation to the projected monthly utility bill savings from applicable
energy improvements - Highlight all 3 bullets
23 The SAVE Act — strives to further refine the methods used to internalize energy efficiency into
the lending process
24 Evaluating Energy Efficient Products
25 Table 2-2 Rate of Return for Energy Investments (%)
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29 Solar Radiation
Figure 3-1 - The impact of solar radiation is a critical issue because heating and cooling account
for a large part of the energy use in both residential and commercial buildings.
30 With this in mind, the long axis of a building should be oriented within 15° of the east west axis
of the sun's path across the sky (Figure 3-2).
Compact designs gain less heat in the summer (and lose less heat in the winter) through their
skin ... See Figure 3-3 page 31
Two stories are generally better than one to achieve the same number of square feet.A building
should be at least one and one half times as long as it is wide.
In homes, kitchens and dining rooms should be on the north or east side or in the center of the
building....radiation on the west side. Primary living spaces, should be on the south side of
homes.... passive solar heating. Rooms that can tolerate temperature swings can act as insulating
buffers to the living spaces.
31 The actual percentage of glass area shall not exceed the maximum acceptable percentage
specified for the compliance package chosen. Clear glass has a shading coefficient of 1. A solar
screen or film with a shading coefficient of 0.2 would reducedirect solar radiation by 80%.
32 Providing outdoor shade for windows during hot summer month ....through -elements and
landscaping.
33-34 Ventilation - Natural ventilation brings in outdoor air, which passes directly over people to
increase cooling from evaporation on the skin. Natural ventilation is most appropriate ....exceeds
60°F. Protecting against prevailing north winds during thewinter is important in cooler parts of
the state.
34 Cross ventilation allows air to flow from a strong positive pressure area to a negative pressure
area in the opposite wall (Figure 3-5).
35 Fin walls can greatly increase the air that enters a building from windows on the same wall.
Figure 3-6 Incorrect and correct placement of fin walls.
37 The Use of Vegetation in Effective Home Design. Figure 3-8 When desired, vegetation can help
...sides of the building
38-39 Key Passive Design Factors in Florida Home Design: A Checklist: Orientation, Configuration,
Floor Plan, Windows, Building Materials.
43 The Building as a System..most buildings have problems — some simply minor nuisances,
others life threatening - Highlight all 9 bullets
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44 Health and Comfort Factors — If kept at desirable levels, the building will provide comfort and
healthy air quality: Moisture Levels, Temperature, Air Quality, Air Movement, Structural
Integrity, Concepts
45 How Heat Moves: Figure 4-1 - Conduction — Highlight bullets; Figure 4-2 -Convection —
Highlight bullets; Figure 4-3 & 4-4 Radiation — Highlight bullets
46 Air Leaks and Indoor Air Quality. Air leaks often bring in air quality problems from attics, the
outside, and crawl spaces (Figure 4-5) such as: Highlight all 5 bullets
Figure 4-5 Air quality problems from "fresh" air
47 Relative Humidity and Water Condensation — Air is made up of gases such as oxygen,
nitrogen.... RH = the amount of water vapor in the air at a given temperature divided by the max
amount of water vapor that air can hold at that temperature
Figure 4-6 Conditions for Condensation
Effect of Relative Humidity - Highlight all bullets
48 Moisture and Relative Humidity
Figure 4-8 Winter dewpoint temperature inside walls
49 Figure 4-9 Psychrometric chart Summer Condensation in Walls: Figure 4-10 Psychrometric chart
Summer Condensation in Walls - Hot, Rainy Days
Summer Condensation in Walls - Hot, Rainy Days: This results in a temperature at the outer wall
surface of 100°F or more and 100% RH (point 1). Water vapor at this location will condense all
the way through the wall cavity.
50 Systems in a Building — Every building has systems...to provide indoor health and comfort:
highlight 5 bullet points.
Structural System — Key problems that can affect the structural integrity of a building include:
Highlight all 7 bullet points.
50-51 Structural Recommendations — the designer and builder should: Ensure the roof is watertight to
prevent rainwater intrusion: Divert ground water away from the building: Ensure soffits have
been properly installed: Seal penetrations that allow moisture to enter the building envelope via
air leakage; Prevent air from washing over attic insulation: Install a series of capillary — thru
end of paragraph
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51 Moisture Control System — Bldgs should be designed and built to provide comfortable and
healthy levels of relative humidity. There are four primary modes of moisturemigration.
Figure 4-11 Bulk Moisture Transport
52 Figure 4-12 - Capillary Action
Air Transport
53 Vapor Diffusion
54-55 Moisture Problem Example
56 Focus on: Vapor Diffusion Retarders (Barriers) and Air Barriers — A vapor barrier or vapor
diffusion retarder (VDR)... stop all of the moisture transfer.
The Thermal Moisture Dynamic — Water vapor moves in and out of a building basically ....and
by heat transfer
57 Types of Vapor Diffusion Retarders — (DVRs) are typically available as membranes or
coatings. Membranes are generally thin; .....Materials such as rigid insulation.
58 Perm Ratings — The ability of a material to retard the diffusion of water vapor is measured by
units known as "perms"
Table 4-1 Perm Rating of Different Materials
The Florida Bldg Code defines vapor retarder class as a measure of the ability of a material or
assembly to limit the amount of moisture that passes thru that material or assembly. ASTM E96
as follows: Class I — 0.1 perm or less; Class II — 0.1 < perm < =1.0 perm; Class III — 1.0 perm
< = 10 perm
61 Installing Vapor Diffusion Retarders — A continuous VDG with reliable ... also have ahigh
water table
Air Barriers — Air barriers are intended to block random (unintended) air movement thru
building cavities.
The most common air barrier material in use today is "house wrap."
62 Air Vapor Retarders — An air vapor retarder attempts to combine water vapor and theair
movement control with one material. This method is most appropriate for wet Southern climates
like Florida
63 Air Barrier System — Sealing against air leakage is now mandatory, as stated in the FBC-
Energy Conservation Code, Section 402.4 Air Leakage (Mandatory)... It can also cause a
substantial number of other problems, including: Highlight all the bullets.
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64 The basic approach is: Seal all air leakage sites between conditioned and unconditioned spaces:
Highlight all three bullets; Seal bypasses; Install a continuous air barrier material..thru end of
paragraph.
Thermal Insulation System — Thermal insulation and energy efficient windows are intended
to reduce heat loss and gain due to conduction.
Key considerations for effective insulation include: Install R values equal to — thru end of
paragraph; Do not compress insulation; Provide full insulation coverage of the specified R value;
Air seal and insulate knee walls and other attic wall areas with aminimum of R-19 Insulation;
Support insulation so that it remains in place...reside or disturb it..
65 HVAC System
70-71 Carbon Monoxide Disaster
73 Air Leakage Materials and Techniques Air leakage is a major problem for both new and existing
buildings and can: Highlight all 4 bullets.
Figure 5-1 Creating a continuous air barrier system. To reduce air leakage effective requires a
continuous air barrier system to create a tight building envelope.
Most standard insulation products are not effective at sealing air leakage. The R-value for these
products may drop if air leaks through the material. Controlling airleakage is mandatory in the
Florida Energy Conservation Code 2017 Energy Conservation....Air leakage (Mandatory)
74 Infiltration Control — Section 402.4......describes the prescriptive requirements for air
infiltration in: Highlight all the bullets following the paragraph. Contrary to northern
construction practices, a vapor retarder, including vinyl wall coverings, installed next to the
conditioned space is not recommended....Vapor retarders are notrecommended on the
conditioned side of walls in Florida Buildings
75 Air Barriers — Housewraps serve as exterior air barriers ...manufacturer's specifications.
Figure 5-2 Housewrap installation details
77 Materials - Caulk, Spray Foam — Not recommended near Flammable application (fluevents,
etc). Also not permitted — thru end of paragraph; Gaskets; Housewrap; Sheet goods (plywood,
drywall, rigid foam insulation); Sheet Metal; Polyethylene Plastic —This material is
recommended for use under slabs; Weather-stripping
78 Seal Penetrations and Bypasses — Many of the key sources of leakage — called bypasses
(Figure 5-5) are hidden from view behind soffits for cabinets, bath fixtures,dropped ceilings,
chases for flues and ductwork, recessed lighting fixtures or insulation
Table 5-1 Leaks and Sealants
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79-81 1. Slab Floors; 1. Floor Joist; 2. Bottom Plate; 3. Electrical Wiring; 4. Electrical Boxes; 5.
Electrical Box Gaskets; 6. Recessed Light Fixtures; 7. Exhaust Fans; 8. Plumbing; 9. Attic
Access in Conditioned Spaces; 10. Whole House Fans; 11. Flue Stacks; 12.Combustion
Appliances; 13. Return and Supply Registers; 14. Ductwork; 15. Air Handling Unit; 16. Dropped
Ceiling Soffit; 17. Chases; 18. Windows and SlidingGlass Doors
82-83 Air Leakage Driving Forces
84 Measuring Airtightness with a Blower Door
While there are many well known sources — through the end of paragraph.
85 A Pascal is a small unit of pressure ...surfaces of the bldg
86 Airtight Drywall Approach (ADA). In a typical drywall installation, thru end of paragraph.
Highlight all 4 bullets. The airtight drywall approach uses either — thruend of paragraph.
87 Advantages: Effective; Simple; Does not cover framing; Scheduling; Adaptable; Cost.
Disadvantages: Unfamiliar; Requires thought; Requires care.
87-89 Installation Techniques: Slab floors; Exterior framed walls; Partition walls; Windows and doors;
Ceiling; Wood framed floors.
93 Insulation Materials and Techniques: The higher the R-value, the greater the insulation
effectiveness. The key to an effective insulation system is proper installation of quality
insulation products (Figure 6-1).
94 Insulation Materials — Whichever product is chosen, make sure to install it per the
manufacturer's specifications.
Table 6-1 Comparison of Insulating Materials
94-95 Insulation products available today: Fiber glass insulation; Mineral wool; Cellulose insulation;
Molded expanded polystyrene (MEPS); Extruded polystyrene (XPS); Polyisocyanurate; Closed-
cell low density spray polyurethane; Open-cell low —densitypolyurethane foam; Aerated
concrete; Reflective insulation.
96 Insulation and the Environment
Fiber glass and mineral wool — thru the end of paragraph; Cellulose; Foam products and
chlorofluorocarbons.
97-99 Table 6-2 Comparison of Insulation Materials (Environmental characteristics andother
information) — Fiber Insulation
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100 Insulation Strategies: Critical Guidelines; Highlight all 5 bullets; Foam InsulationStrategies -
Highlight all 4 bullets
Foundations: Slab on Grade
101 Walls; Concrete Wall Insulation; Insulating Concrete Block Cores; Vermiculite (<1%asbestos)
R-2.1 per inch; Polystyrene inserts or beads R-4.0 to 5.0 per inch; Polyurethane foam — R-5.8 to
6.8 per inch.
102 Exterior Rigid Fiber Glass or Foam Insulation
Interior Foam wall Insulation
103 Interior Framed Walls
Insulated Concrete Form Systems
104 Figure 6-7 and 6-8 Insulated Concrete Forms Systems (Familiarize yourself with contents of
these figures.)
105 Lightweight Concrete Products
106 2 X 4 Wall Insulation
From the Florida Residential Code: R-307.2 Bathtub and shower spaces. Bathtub and shower
floors — thru end of paragraph.
Table 6-3 2 X 4 Framed Wall Problems and Solutions
108 Blown Loose Fill Insulation
109 Figure 6-13 Blown Foam Insulation
Structural Insulated Panels
110 Structural Insulated Panels Construction
111 Variables affecting performance of structural insulated panels — There are a few important
variables to take into consideration when building with SIP systems: Highlight 1 thru 6
112 Steel Framing
Table 6-4 Whole - wall Test Results of Cold-formed Steel Assemblies with 22-25% framing
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113 2 X 6 Wall Construction: Advantages - Highlight all 4 bullets: Disadvantages -Highlight all 3
bullets. The economics of 2 x 6 wall insulation are affected by the number of windows in the
wall, since each window opening adds extra studs andmay require the purchase of a jamb
extender.
114 Ceilings and Roofs
Attic Ventilation: Vent Selection
115 Powered Attic Ventilator Problems — Electrically powered roof ventilators can consume more
electricity to operate than they save on air conditioning costs and are not recommended for
most designs.
Figure 6-17 Pressure problems due to powered attic ventilators
116-117 Attic Floor Insulation Techniques: Steps for Installing loose-fill attic insulation -Highlight steps
1 thru 7.
Table 6-5 Blown cellulose in Attics
117 Table 6-6 Recommended Specs by Insulation Type
117-118 Steps for stalling Batt Insulation - Highlight steps 1 thru 6
Figure 6-19 Insulating under attic floors
118-120 Increasing the Roof Height at the Eave — One problem area in many standard roofdesigns is at
the eave, where there is not enough roof for full R-30 insulation...Figures 6-20 and 21 show
solutions.
120 Cathedral Ceiling Insulation Techniques
Building R-30 cathedral ceilings
Table 6-7 Cathedral Ceiling Insulation Options
121 Scissor Trusses
Difficulties with exposed rafters
122 Figure 6-24 Attic Blocking Requirements
123 Radiant heat barriers are reflective materials that can reduce summer heat gain by the insulation
and building materials in attics and walls, RFBs work two ways:...for specific details.
How Radiant Barrier Systems Work
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133 Windows and Doors: Many suppliers do not understand that premium windows designed for
northern and central climates are not suitable for Florida; they may increase energy consumption
for cooling....if the windows are well-built, reduce solar heat gain and have goodweather
stripping they will serve you well.
134 Windows: Heat transfer through windows and skylights in four different ways: Solar radiant
energy; Conduction of heat; Convection of air; Air leakage, Radiant energy comes from the sun
.....we cannot see.
136 Conduction of heat thru window ....such as wood and vinyl
137 Convection within a room can be ... shading of the window. Air leakage around fenestration is
obviously influenced by the tightness of the window assembly as well as its installation. Rates no
more than 0.3
Window Performance: Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC); U Factor: It is the inverse of the R-
values generally used with the wall and ceiling insulation. Visible Transmittance (VT); Air
Leakage (AL); Condensation Resistance (CR)
139 NFRC Ratings
140 Table 7-1 Default Fenestration Ratings
Table 7-2: Typical Properties for Complete Windows
141 Figure 7-8 Components of the NFRC label for windows
142 Table 7-3 Florida Fenestration Energy Efficiency Requirements
145 SC was formerly widely used to measure solar control properties, but has now been phased out
…and window treatment performance literature (Table 7-4).
Table 7-4 Window treatment shading coefficient
148 Options for Reducing Solar Gain
149 Reflective Films and Tints — which adhere to glass and are found often in commercial bldgs..,
can block up to 85% of incoming sunlight
150 Overhangs — shade direct sunlight on windows facing within about 30 degrees of south.... on
east and west windows are ineffective unless they are as long as the window is high....designed
for typical hurricane wind loads.
152 Table 7-6 Shading Coefficients for Window Coverings
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152-153 Doors — Energy efficient doors can be fabricated of ... with U-factors about 0.5....Doors without
glass are rated by — thru end of paragraph. Figures 7-10 and 7-11
Table 7-7 Default Door Ratings — U-factor
162-163 Figure 8-1 and 8-2 Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
166 Heating and Cooling Load Calculations. Many contractors incorrectly select air — thru the end
of paragraph. Highlight all 3 bullets following the paragraph.
170 Equipment Selection — Highlight all 4 bullets
Source of Energy — Electricity and Natural Gas
170-171 Equipment Efficiency — The cooling efficiency of a heat pump or an air conditioner —thru end
of paragraph.
171 Since every degree the thermostat is lowered increasescooling bills 3 to 7% - thru the end of
paragraph.
Ductless, Mini Split System Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
172 Cooling Equipment SHR Example
173 Equipment Location: Disadvantages of air handler placement in attic, Highlight all 4 bullets. The
FBC includes a series of requirements for installing the AHU in the attic. Disadvantage of air
handler placement in garage - Highlight all 3 bullets. Advantages of air handler placement in
conditioned space - Highlight all 4 bullets.
174 Proper Installation. Proper installation techniques include detailed work in the following areas -
Highlight all 4 bullets. Improper refrigerant charging seriously degrades performance - Highlight
all 3 bullets.
175 Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality.
176 The level of noise for a fan is rated by sones. Choose a fan with a sone rating of 2.0or less. Top
quality models are often below 0.5 sones.
178 Heat Recovery Ventilators — Some models, called enthalpy heat exchangers — thruthe end of
paragraph.
179-180 Sample Ventilation Plans (Figures 8-7, 8-8, and 8-9)
183 The Problem of Duct Leakage — Duct leakage contributes 10 to 30% of heating and cooling
loads in many homes.
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184 Duct Leaks and Air Leakage. Pressure imbalances can create dangerous air quality conditions in
homes, including - Highlight all three bullets. Typical causes and concerns of pressure
imbalances include - Highlight all four bullets.
185 Sealing Air Distribution Systems — The following products are examples of proper materials to
be used to seal duct systems. Highlight all 4 bullets (Figure 9-1)
186-189 High Priority Leaks. Highlight all bullets and figures on these pages.
189 Moderate Priority Leaks. The joints between sections of the branch ductwork.
Low Priority Leaks. Longitudinal seams in round metal ductwork.
190 Testing for Duct Leakage
191 Duct Design: Duct Materials. The three most common types of duct material used in building
construction are metal, fiber glass Ductboard, and flex-duct (Figure 9-9).Flex-duct is usually
installed ....plenum box and air handler.
192 Sizing and Layout. The proper duct size depends on - Highlight all three bullets
194-195 Checking System Air Flow
199 Figure 10-1 Hot water use in typical homes (by place of use)
The average amount of hot water used in various household tasks is shown in Table 10-1
Table 10-1 Average Hot Water Use
200 Energy Conservation for Water Heating. Lower the temperature setting to 120°F -Highlight all 4
bullets.
Figure 10-2 Insulating jackets for electric and gas water heaters
200-202 If needed, wrap the outside of the tank with an insulation jacket (Fig 10-2)- Highlightall 4
bullets; Install heat traps to control the direction of flow; Insulate the first 6 feet of the cold and
hot water pipes connected to the unit; Install low flow shower heads with fixtures that deliver
water at about 1.5 to 2.5 gallons per minute and still provide plenty of force; Put in shut off
valves which are designed to dribble when closed, so water in the pipe stays at the selected
temperature; Include low flow aerators or laminar flow controls ... Highlight all 3 bullets;
Minimize the piping runs to the bathroom and kitchen; Consider installing a drain water...wash
clothes in cold water; Put in ENERGY STAR washing machines; Install ENERGY STAR
dishwashers.
202 Temperature Settings. Some water heater manufacturers supply...6%-10% of energy costs.
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202-203 Other Possible Ways to Conserve Water. Hot water Demand Systems (HWDS); Additional
Water Heaters - Some builders add a small (2 to 6 gallon).... the main unitis activated.
204 Selecting an Efficient Water Heater. Sizing ... the capacity of a water heater should be judged by
its first hour rating (FHR), not its tank size. Gas water heaters have higher than FHRs than
electric water heaters of the same storage capacity. All other things being equal, the smaller the
water heater tank the higher the efficiency.
Fuel Type. Natural gas water heaters are generally less expensive to operate, but not always.
205 Energy Factor.
206 Table 10-2 Minimum Energy Factors of Water Heaters* - Current
212 Types of Available Water Heaters: Conventional Storage Water Heaters; Conventional Storage
Tank: Gas vs. Electric; Special Note on Fuel-Fired Water Heaters .
214 Gas Condensing Water Heaters; ... are the most efficient type of hot water heater swith greater
than 90% efficiency.
214-215 Tankless Water Heaters/Demand Water Heaters ... are compact. The smaller units are typically
mounted under a bathroom sink. Units can be gas fired (natural gas or propane) or electric. No
storage tank is needed because water is heated only as needed... Once the hot water tap is closed
the sensor shuts off the gas; Sizing Tankless Heaters -Tankless water heaters are sized by their
flow rate provide6-10 gpm; Condensing Tankless Water Heaters.
216 Heat Pump Water Heaters
217 Heat Recovery Units
218 Solar Water Heaters.
226 Energy Efficient Appliances
ENERGY STAR. "In 1992 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced
ENERGY STAR as a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-
efficient products to reduce greenhouse gas emissions."
230 Energy Guide Label. The US government established a mandatory....(water efficiency was added
later)
232 Appliance Shopping Checklist
233 Refrigerators and Freezers: The refrigerator should operate between 35°F and 38°F, and the
freezer should be 0°F to 5°F. Readjust temperatures that are outside of this range
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234 Dishwashers. For most uses, choose a unit that ... thru end of paragraph
234-235 Clothes washers
236 Clothes dryers
Cooking
238 Lighting
241 Table 11-3 Comparison of Various Light Sources
245 1 - Incandescent Lamps: Halogen Lamps; Reflector Lamps
247 2 - Fluorescent Lamps; Ballasts
249 3 - High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps
4 - Solid State Lighting
251 Some Other Forms of Lighting. Low Pressure Sodium; Induction; Sulfur (SulfurPlasma).
252-254 Lighting Needs
269-270 Abbreviations, Energy and Fuel Data, Fuel Units, HVAC Equipment Efficiencies
271 Insulating Values — Highlight the table; Pay special attention to Dead Air Spaces and the R-
value of air space in the table.
273 Fuel Cost Conversions
275 Requirements for AHU's Located in Attic Spaces - Highlight all 4 bullets
NOTICE TO HOMEOWNER — Highlight the two paragraphs message under this title