energy conservation in buildings and community systems ... · heating and high-temperature cooling...

ECBCS News - Issue 39 June 2004

International Energy Agency

Energy Conservation inBuildings and Community

Systems Programme��

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The results of IEA ECBCSAnnex 37 ‘Low ExergySystems for Heating and

Cooling of Buildings’ will soon be pre-sented in a booklet of about 40 pagestogether with the LowEx Guidebookin a CD-ROM format. This user-friendly CD-ROM presents the resultsvisually and interactively. It containsall of the material produced during theproject: newsletters; publications; theexergy analysis tools; and the fullversion of the guidebook (also as aprintable pdf version). In addition, aweb-site is being assembled which willcontain the same information as theCD-ROM, which will be published inJune 2004. (See Figure 1.)

The full version of the guidebook willinclude edited versions of the workingpapers written during the Annex,some summary tables, and alsomaterial which has been writtenexclusively for the guidebook.The Table of Contents is shown inFigure 2.

The objective of Annex 37 is tocreate opportunities for saving energyand reducing the emissions frombuildings. The group aims to do thisby promoting the uptake of low-gradeand environmentally sustainableenergy sources for heating andcooling.

The efficient utilisation of low-gradeenergy sources can only be achievedwith heating and cooling equipmentthat works at a temperature which isclose to room temperature (i.e., low-exergy systems). These systems(e.g., floor and wall heating

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Dietrich Schmidt, KTH Building Technology, Sweden

Energy Efficiency in the Czech Republic

Integrating Environmentally Responsive Elements in Buildings - New Research Project

Annex 40 Co-Hosts ICEBO 2004 Conference

Energy Retrofit of Educational Buildings - 25 Case Studies from 9 Countries

The Energy Concept Adviser continues in a separate Working Group

Action for Sustainability - The 2005 World Sustainable Building Conference SB05 Tokyo

GREENTIE - A Global Window of Opportunity for Greenhouse Gas Businesses

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6

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11

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Figure 1: The final products of Annex 37


components) have life cycles of 40to 50 years, and so to make the mostof low-grade energy sources withinthe next half century, these systemsshould be introduced as quickly aspossible. The LowEx Guidebookexplains how and why this should bedone.

BUILDINGS FOR ASUSTAINABLE WORLD

Over the last few years there has beena great deal of discussion about theconstruction of sustainable houses.There is no doubt that efficient usageof energy within buildings, and of theenergy-flows to and from them, is apre-requisite for sustainability. Thekey concept of Annex 37 has been totake account of the qualitative aspectsof energy, and this has lead to theadoption of the concept of exergy.

EXERGY CONCEPT

The concept of exergy is particularlyvaluable when trying to identify andquantify potential reductions in energyuse. Exergy characterises the degreeto which one form of energy can beconverted into another. For example,heat which is at, or close to, roomtemperature has a very limitedpotential for conversion, and is thuslow-grade energy. Electricity derivedfrom fossil fuels or other sources hasa high potential for conversion intoother forms of energy and is,therefore, high-grade or high-exergy.

Low-exergy heating and coolingsystems run on low-grade energy,which can be readily supplied bysustainable energy sources (e.g. heatpumps or solar collectors). Theconcept of exergy not only enablesestimates of energy use to be made,but its potential and quality can alsobe calculated. The LowEx Guidebookgives an introduction to the conceptof exergy for the interested reader.

EXERGY ANALYSIS

A methodology for calculating,analysing and applying the exergyconcept to buildings has been

developed in Annex 37. Themethodology highlights theimportance of low-temperatureheating and high-temperature coolingsystems. The LowEx Guidebookpresents the fundamentals for theexergy analysis of buildings, andpresents two tools for this purpose.

LOWEX COMPONENTS

When appropriate low-exergy heatingand cooling systems are installed,buildings can adapt to changes in fuelsupplies, as they are capable of beingrun from almost any low-temperatureenergy source. A number of differentlow-temperature components,systems and technologies are alreadyon the market.

The LowEx Guidebook contains adatabase of low-exergy heating andcooling systems for buildings. Thedatabase consists of 64 informationsheets which describe thetechnologies, their basic principles,technical risks and benefits,advantages, limitations and the state-of-art (commercially available,prototype or innovative concept). Theaim is to give a quick overview of theprospects for, and limitations of, thetechnologies described. TheGuidebook explains how to constructheating and cooling systems fromlow-exergy components.Descriptions of low-exergy systemsare also included.

LOWEX BUILDINGS

Using LowEx components, a rangeof different systems can beassembled to create LowEx buildings.There are examples of LowExbuildings all over the world. Theserange from newly erected buildingsto retrofit projects, from domesticproperties to commercial buildings,and also cultural monuments such aschurches and castles.

The LowEx Guidebook presents 30examples of LowEx buildings from 11countries. These case studies covera wide variety of applications of low-

exergy systems. They alsodemonstrate the flexibility of thesystems with regard to the energysource used in each case. There areexamples of low-exergy systems indwellings and offices, but also in amuseum, a church and a concert hall.Some of the systems get their heatingor cooling energy from the sun, othersfrom the ground or from districtheating networks, while others gettheirs from electricity and gassupplies.

The findings from these case studiessupport those already in the literature- in addition to meeting the desiredheating or cooling requirement, low-exergy systems provide occupantswith a comfortable, clean and healthyenvironment.

MARKET POTENTIAL

It is clear from the literature reviews,occupant surveys and case studiesthat LowEx systems offer benefitsbeyond simply meeting a givenrequirement for heating and cooling.They can produce energy savings andimprovements in thermal comfort andinternal air quality. The potentialmarket for LowEx systems indifferent countries was evaluatedduring Annex 37. The findings showthat LowEx systems are popular andthat the benefits of having theminstalled are greatly appreciated. Onthe basis of this evidence, it seemsthat LowEx systems have thepotential to create a sustainableenvironment both inside and outsidethe buildings.

Ordering information is on the ECBCSBookshop Website: www.ecbcs.org

Figure 2: Guidebook Table of Contents


T t

he Czech Republic is acountry of some 10.3 millionpeople, making it the 12 h most

populous state in the EU. It islandlocked, with Poland to the north,the Slovak Republic to the east, Aus-tria to the south, and Germany to thewest. In 1990, the Czech Republicbegan the transition from centralplanning and control, to a liberalised,market economy. The first stage ofthis economic transformation wasmarked by a deep recession duringwhich GDP decreased by about 22%.The economy revived in 1995 andmuch of its subsequent growth hasbeen attributed to industrialrestructuring and new investment. Incommon with other former communistcountries, the Czech Republic reliesheavily on fossil fuels to meet itsenergy needs. Electricity generationis primarily from coal which supplied72% of the total in 2001, and nuclearsome 20%. Dependence on solid fuels,such as coal and wood, as primaryenergy sources is being reduced. Coalis gradually being replaced as a fuelfor domestic heating, and isincreasingly used for co-generation.

Nevertheless, in 2001, total energyconsumption in the Czech Republicwas almost twice the average figurefor the EU; both for consumption ofprimary energy and for electricity use.Annual energy consumption iscurrently 160 GJ per capita, althoughannual domestic consumption ofelectricity is 6200 kWh per capitawhich is lower than in many other EUcountries and has remained largelyunchanged over the last decade.Currently, the rate of reduction ofenergy demand fluctuates between2% and 3% per year. There are a

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Irena Plockova, Construction Department, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Czech Republic

Josef Snitily, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Czech Republic

number of reasons why energyconsumption in the Czech Republic issignificantly higher than in other moreadvanced EU countries. Theyinclude:

• the structure of the economy,

• lower levels of GDP and ValueAdded Tax than elsewhere in theEU,

• inefficient use of energy in allsectors of the economy,

• general lack of awareness of thebenefits of saving energy(economic, ecological and social)and of opportunities for improvingthe current position.

ENERGY POLICY ANDLEGISLATION

The government has embarked on amajor reorganisation of the energysector which includes the deregulationof prices, privatisation of state-ownedenergy companies, a greater diversityof energy supply, the promotion ofenergy conservation and of safer,more efficient, and less pollutingforms of energy. The cornerstone of

this energy policy has been a legalframework which brings thestandards of the Czech energy sectorfully into line with those of the EU.

In January 2001 a new Energy Actcame into force which established anew framework for the electricity, gasand other related industries. Forexample, under the terms of theEnergy Act, electricity generation,transmission, distribution and tradingwere redefined as business activities.

Also in January 2001, an EnergyManagement Act came into forcewhich sets standards for theefficiency with which heat andelectricity are produced, transmitted,distributed and used. Under the termsof the Energy Management Act thegovernment was required to formulatea ‘National Energy Policy’; a strategicdocument which sets targets forenergy management within theeconomy, based on economicperformance, social development,and on reducing the negative impactsof energy production on theenvironment.

Rehabilitation of old social housing - Rumburk


In the longer-term, strategic targetsfor energy policy in the CzechRepublic include a gradual reductionof the amount of energy and rawmaterials consumed to levelscomparable with those of advancedindustrial countries. On the demandside of the economy, in the years upto 2020, the aim is to remove pricesubsidies, to create competitivemarkets for electricity and gas,greater freedom of choice forconsumers, and ensuring that energyefficiency improves. The NationalEnergy Policy was prepared by theMinistry of Industry and Trade andsubmitted to the Government for itsapproval.

The Energy Management Act makesenergy auditing obligatory. Every localor national government facility whichuses more than 1500 GJ of energy peryear must undergo inspection bygovernment-approved auditors.Energy audits are also mandatory fornon-government energy users, but thethreshold at which this comes intoforce is much higher at more than35000 GJ per year. The purpose ofthese audits is to promote energyconservation and encourage inwardinvestment by foreign energycompanies. In addition to these audits,energy passports must be drawn upto verify the energy performance ofthe buildings involved. State technicalstandard CSN 73 05 40 sets out thecontent and form of these passports.

POTENTIAL ENERGY

SAVINGS

Given the high level of energy demandwithin the economy of the CzechRepublic, there is considerable scopefor gradually reducing consumptionlevels; mainly by implementingmeasures to increase the efficient useof energy. The National EnergyPolicy sets targets and providesperformance indicators to this end. In

order to analyse the potential forsavings in the economy, as shown inTable 1, they can be placed within thefollowing categories:

• Technical potential – the totalsaving that is technically possible,ignoring the initial capitalinvestment costs, but taking intoaccount payback costs.

• Economic potential with a lowfinancial return – investmentswhich have net present value(NPV) at 5% discount rate.

• Economic potential with highfinancial return – investmentswhich have net present value(NPV) at 10% discount rate.

• Market potential with medium-term financial return - investmentswith a net present value (NPV) lessthan or equal to 6 years. This is thepreferred time horizon for largeprojects.

• Market potential with short-termpayback - investments and actionswith a net present value (NPV) lessthan or equal to 3 years.

THE HOUSING SECTOR

In addition to restructuring energysupply and monitoring its use, there isconsiderable scope for improving theenergy performance of the Czech

Table 1. Energy Savings Potential and Cost Assessment for their Implementation (in theYear 2005)

housing. The 2001 Public Censusindicates that the housing stockconsists of 4.4 million dwellings ofwhich about 1.4% are unfit forhabitation (approximately 55 thousanddwellings). In the past ten years, thesize of the housing stock hasincreased by approximately 7.2%.About 1.1 million dwellings,comprising about one third of theCzech residential sector, areprefabricated buildings. Generally, thethermal quality of these buildings isrelatively low, with the result thatenergy demand averages about240 kWh/m2 a year.

Some 32.4 % of Czech householdsare connected to a district heatingsystem and together use about by 146PJ of final energy for space heating,based on figures for 1999. Prices areregulated, with VAT on district heatingstaying at 5% until 2007. Low cost,low energy housing form an importantpart of the countries’ energy strategy.

In recent years, the Czech EnergyAgency has funded a number of lowenergy housing projects, for examplethose located in Rumburk, Sušice, andSvitavy.

Costs

[billion

CZK]

Economic potential

NPV (5 %) > 0

Economic potential:

3 NPV (10 %) > 0 61.4

Market potential:

Simple payback <= 6 years

Market potential:

Simple payback <= 3 years

Total

Savings Investment

Savings [PJ] Specific costs (CZK/GJ) [PJ] %

266.7

4 103.5

Category

Measures

1 Technical potential 432.7

2 267.9

2 750.8 6357 494.1 48

792 2956 329.3 32

776.3 2911 328.1 32

84.3 814 164.9 16

115.1 115 53.7 37.5 698


Rehabilitation of old socialhousing – Rumburk

• Outside walls - thermal insulationof front and gable walls wereinsulated using 70 mm thickpolystyrene boards,

• Doors and windows - old windowswere replaced by new plastic oneswith U = 2.1 W⋅m-2⋅K-1 withsilicon sealing EUROSTRIP,doors have brush insulation.

• Roof – the old flat roof wasreplaced by double-sloping roofand new flats were built-in. Thethermal insulation was constructedusing 150 mm thick polystyreneboards.

• Inner space – floor above notheated, while the undergroundspace was insulated using 50 mmthick polystyrene boards.

Example of implemented lowenergy and low energy multifamilyhousing project – Sušice

• 9 residential units

• Investment costs fully comparablewith regular housing construction

• Energy intensity reduced by 40% -50% and it is expected to be 49kWh/m2 of heated living area.

• Total energy consumption for spaceheating 30,278 kWh/year - arrangedthough central hot water systemwith gas boiler with output of 20kW.

• Air ventilation is arranged throughforced air ventilation system withwaste heat recovery.

Example of implemented low costlow energy housing in Svitavy

• energy houses in Svitavy -cooperation with PRCBouwcentrum and architects fromDelf

• included in this project were 20houses, including 4 double housesand 2 single houses

• Specific energy consumption forspace heating is 79.3 kWh/m2/year,specific energy consumption for tapwater heating is 13.7 kWh/m2/yearand total specific energyconsumption for space and waterheating is 93.0 kWh/m2/year.

• Specific costs per square metre ofheated area are 22500 CZK.

Example of implemented low energy and low energy

multifamily housing project - Sušice

Example of implemented low cost lowenergy housing in Svitavy

Final Energy Demand by Sector in the CzechRepublic, 2001

Final Energy Demand of the ResidentialSector of the Czech Republic, 2001

45%55%100%Specific consumption for

space heating

7995174Specific consumption for

space heating (kWh/m2)

10851 8602 259Energy consumption for

space heating (GJ/year)

188466Number of flats

18065 4183 612Heated total area (m2)

DifferenceData after

rehabilitation

Data before

rehabilitation


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Per Heiselberg, Aalborg University, Denmark

Atmajor outcome of the 54 h

ECBCS ExCo meeting inPrague, in November 2003,

was the approval of the preparationphase of a new Annex. The title ofthis Annex is ‘IntegratingEnvironmentally ResponsiveElements in Buildings’.

Research into building energyefficiency over the last decade hastended to focus on specific elementsof the building envelope, such as walls,roofs and fenestration components.Research has also been directedtowards improving the performanceof building services functions such asheating, ventilation, air handling,cooling, energy storage and lighting.Significant improvements have beenachieved in these areas; and buildingelements and services offer stillfurther opportunities for efficiencyimprovements. However, in the yearsahead the greatest potential forsavings lies with technologies thatpromote both the integration ofresponsive building elements andcommunication between buildingservices.

Against this background, the termResponsive Building Element refersto components (like flooring, walls,roof, foundations etc.) which havebeen specifically designed to beintegrated with building servicestechnologies. It is clear that thedevelopment and adoptioncomponents of this kind will beessential if further significant energyefficiency improvements are to beachieved within the building sector. Inprojects where such elements havebeen successfully integrated into one

system, this is referred to as anIntegrating Building Concept. Thisgives an optimal environmentalperformance in terms of energyperformance, resource consumption,ecological loadings and indoorenvironmental quality.

With the integration of responsivebuilding elements and buildingservices in this manner, the processof building design completely changes.Instead of individual systems simplybeing brought together, therequirement is for the fully integrateddesign of Whole Building Concepts,along with ‘intelligent’ systems andequipment.

Building ventilation is an example ofa technology which offersopportunities for the integration ofresponsive building elements.Growing concerns aboutenvironmental impacts of energyproduction and consumption havebrought about an increasedawareness of the energy used by fans,heating/cooling coils and otherventilation and air conditioningsystems. These concerns, togetherwith the need to reduce annual energycosts, have been the driving forcesbehind the development of natural andhybrid ventilation strategies. Availabledata from case studies provided in theinternational project IEA ECBCS-Annex 35 show that substantial energysavings have been achieved in anumber of buildings, and that thesewere mainly due to very substantialreductions in energy used by fans, anda reduced energy use for cooling.These savings were achievedprimarily by exploiting the naturaldriving forces and the natural cooling

potential of outdoor air. Buildingelements such as embedded ducts,multiple-skin facades and exposedthermal mass were used to preheatand/or pre-cool ventilation air or toreduce the impact of high heat gains.However, little was known about theintegrated performance of theseelements, or of the ventilation systemsinvolved, or the simulation methodsused. So the systems were not fullyoptimised.

Nevertheless, the development,application and implementation ofResponsive Building Elements inbuilding integrated ventilation systemsis one example of a step towardsfurther energy efficiencyimprovements in the builtenvironment. As such, they willprovide new opportunities for furtherimprovement of environmentalperformance.

The Annex will address the followingobjectives:

• Carry out a state-of-the-art reviewof responsive building elements, ofintegrated building concepts and ofenvironmental performanceassessment methods;

• Improve and optimise responsivebuilding elements;

• Develop and optimise new buildingconcepts with integration ofresponsive building elements,HVAC-systems as well as naturaland renewable energy strategies


• Develop guidelines andprocedures for estimation ofenvironmental performance ofresponsive building elements andintegrated building concepts.

The Annex will be divided into thefollowing three subtasks to reach theobjectives:

• Subtask A: Responsive BuildingElements

The Subtask will focus onimprovement of responsivebuilding element conceptsincluding assessment of theadvantages, requirements andlimitations. The Subtask will focuson systems that have the potentialto be successfully integrated withintegrated building concepts.

• Subtask B: Integrated BuildingConcepts

The Subtask will focus ondevelopment of integrated buildingconcepts where responsivebuilding elements, energy systemsand control systems are integratedinto one system to reach an optimalenvironmental performance.

• Subtask C: Implementation andDissemination

The focus of the Subtask will beto guide, collect, package,transform and disseminate thefindings generated in Subtasks Aand B. The main target groups aremanufacturers of buildingelements, designers (architectsand engineers), but also end-usersand building owners.

An Annex preparation workshop wasarranged in May 2004 and anotherone is scheduled for September 2004.

For more information about the Annexand the workshop please contact theOperating Agent, Per Heiselberg([email protected]), Aalborg University,Denmark.


Tt

he International Conferencefor Enhanced BuildingsOperation, ICEBO 2004 will

take place in the heart of Paris,France, between 18 h t - 19 h October2004.

Energy and environmental concerns,business evolution and technologydevelopment are setting newchallenges for the operation of energysystems in buildings.

The 4th International Conference forEnhanced Building Operation(ICEBO 2004) aims at being a leadingplace for exchanges betweenengineers, energy managers, stateenergy agencies, industrialcompanies, contractors and scientistsinterested in continuous improvementof existing building energy usage.

Organized in connection with theclosing meeting of the InternationalEnergy Agency ECBCS-Annex 40 on“Commissioning of Building HVACSystems for Improved EnergyPerformance”, it will include thepresentation of results from thisinternational research project.

Addressing the question of how totransfer results from research projectsto the “day-to-day” practice ofbuilding managers will be one of themain emphases of this conference.

The conference will be a joint eventorganised by CSTB, Texas A&M,University and ECBCS Annex 40.

TOPICS

A. Commissioning for enhancedbuilding operation

1. New commissioning methods andapproaches

2.Tools for improving thecommissioning process

3.Cost-effectiveness analysis ofcommissioning

B. Energy and environment

4. Reducing energy consumption ofexisting buildings

5. New regulations, certification andbest practices approaches for buildingoperation

6. Green building construction andgreen methods for operating buildings

C. Technologies for enhancedbuilding operation

7.New applications of buildingautomation and control systems

8.Use of simulation tools for enhancedbuilding operation

9.Operation of innovative energysystems

D. New business approaches forbuilding commissioning oroperation:

10.New organization, services andcontracts for buildingcommissioning or operation

11.Case studies for performancecontracting and guaranteed savings

12.Building operation approaches ina deregulated market

CONFERENCE LANGUAGE

The conference language is Englishand all papers should be prepared inEnglish. Translation services will beprovided in French for plenarysessions.

VENUE

The conference venue will be: FIAPJean Monnet, 30, rue Cabanis, 75014Paris, France

ADDITIONALINFORMATION

For additional information, please visitthe conference Web site: http://ddd.cstb.fr/icebo2004

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18th - 19th October 2004

INTRODUCTION


Educational buildings through-out the IEA countries havemuch in common in terms of

their design, operation and maint-enance. The similarities betweenkindergartens, schools, trainingcentres and universities are such thatany experience gained while workingon them can often be transferred toprojects in other countries. Two of thecharacteristics of buildings in theeducational sector are their high levelsof energy consumption and the needto retrofit, or refurbish, many of them.Unfortunately, studies have shownthat although retrofitting presents anexcellent opportunity to improve theenergy performance of educationalbuildings, this is often overlooked bydecision-makers because they areunaware of the financial benefits andother advantages of installing energysaving measures during arefurbishment programme.

The lack of relevant information onthe subject often means that decisionsare made that take no account of thepotential for energy savings. Thereare no ‘rules of thumb’ available atthe inception of a project to providedecision-makers with a quick andeasily obtained estimate of the levelof investment required to give usefulfinancial and energy savings. Thedevelopment of such an ‘energyconcept adviser’ for economicalretrofit measures would help them toidentify the most efficient and mosteconomic energy saving measures.An adviser could be used throughoutthe retrofitting phase to ensure thatthe calculated energy savings and theeconomic benefits are achieved afterthe project is completed. Such a toolwas developed during the course of

the IEA ECBCS Annex 36“Retrofitting of Educational Buildings- REDUCE”. The coordinator of thisAnnex was the Fraunhofer Instituteof Building Physics in Germany, onbehalf of the ForschungszentrumJuelich, and the ten countries whoparticipated are: Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Italy,Norway, Poland, United Kingdom andthe United States of America.

Recently, Annex 36 also published areport containing a collection of 25case studies of the energy efficientrefurbishment of educational buildings.These case studies comprise 18schools, 6 universities and 1 day carecentre. The range of climates,building types, energy conservationprinciples and technologies describedin the report is considerable, whichmeant that making anygeneralisations or recommendationswas a difficult if not impossible task.However, these case studies providethe reader with a valuable source ofinformation.

The energy savings reported rangefrom 75% to 100% in the upper endto 8-10% in the lower end and can beattributed to three different strategies:

1. implement several technologiesas part of a holistic approachaiming at high energy savings andaccepting long payback times,

2. focus on the technologies with animmediate return of theinvestment resulting in fewer

savings but obtaining very shortpayback periods, and

3. focus on the improvement ofindoor climate, air quality orlighting comfort and considerenergy savings as additionalbenefits.

The case studies reported provideguidance to decision makers who areseeking solutions based on suchstrategies. They provide examples ofnew, advanced technologies forenergy conservation during therenovation of educational buildings,such as: preheating of ventilation air,innovative insulation systems, passivesolar, atria, a number of passivecooling technologies, advancedHVAC, active solar and PV.Conventional technologies include:insulation, low-e windows, buildingenergy management systems andnew lighting systems.

The energy retrofit technologies usedin the case studies were categorisedas follows: building envelope, heating,ventilation, solar and cooling, lightingand electrical, and management (seeTable 3). The number in the lastcolumn of this table shows thefrequency with which a particulartechnology has been applied. Notsurprisingly, it is the more conventionalenergy conservation measures whichhave been applied most often. Theyare, in no particular order: improvedinsulation, low-e coated windows,efficient electrical lighting (and controlthereof), renewal of the heatingsystem and its controls. However,‘newer’ techniques such as natural(hybrid) ventilation and demand-controlled ventilation have been

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implemented in more than 30% of theprojects. In approximately 1/

3 of the

projects daylighting principles andimproved control of the artificiallighting systems have been introduced.For the rest, the preheating ofventilation air, innovative insulationsystems, passive solar design, atria, anumber of passive coolingtechnologies, active solar, PV andother measures have beenimplemented in a few projects.

The distribution of the varioustechnologies shows that those usuallyrecognised as being the mosteconomically viable are most widelyused. However, the newer, less well-established technologies that featuredin the case studies offer valuableinsights with respect to their design,construction and control.

In addition to providing information onpotential retrofit measures, costs andpayback-times, the different casestudy reports provide lessons learnedwhen implementing these retrofittechnologies and user evaluations ofthem.

The case study report is also animportant part of the main outcomeof Annex 36: the Energy ConceptAdviser Tool, which will soon beready as an international version tobe distributed to decision makers inpublic administrations. A WorkingGroup has been set-up to implementthe tool within the member states (seebelow). Its progress is regularlyupdated on the project home page:www.annex36.com

Ordering information is on the ECBCSBookshop Website: www.ecbcs.org

Table 3: Energy Technology by Case Study Overview

The main objective of Annex 36has been to develop an EnergyConcept Adviser (ECA). Theparticipants in Annex 36 suggestedthat work on the ECA shouldcontinue in a separate WorkingGroup which would:

• Pilot-test the ECA with theintended user groups (clientbodies such as local educationauthorities, energy associations,design advisers). This wouldgenerate useful feedback andhelp to identify problemsrequiring debugging. It wouldalso highlight any gaps in existingknowledge - leading to furtherimprovement and developmentof the ECA. Testing the ECA inthis way would also be anopportunity to elicit testimonialsfrom users for a range ofapplications.

• Translate the ECA, which willbe produced in English andGerman, into other nationallanguages. Representativesfrom the following countries havestated that they will seek to havethe ECA translated: France,Poland, Finland, and Greece.

At its meeting in Prague inNovember 2003, the ExCo of theECBCS agreed to establish an18 month Annex ExtensionWorking Group.

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Energy Technologies Total

Windows 15

Insulation materials & systems 13

Over-cladding systems 1

Building Envelope

Doors 6

Heating Installations 8

Domestic Hot Water Installations

5

Energy Sources 11

Heating Systems

Control Systems 14

Natural Ventilation Systems 10

Mechanical Ventilation Systems 8

Hybrid Ventilations Systems 7

Ventilation Systems

Control & Information Systems 12

Shading & Glare Protections 8

Cooling Systems 5

Air-Conditioning Systems 3

Solar Control & Cooling

Control Systems 5

Lighting Systems 11

Electrical Appliances 7

Daylighting Technologies 8

Light & Electrical Appliances

Control Systems 10

Energy Auditing Techniques 6

Commissioning 1

Education & Training 2 Management

Non-Investment Measures 2


INTRODUCTION

The building sector representsa major platform for socialand economic activities to

create and improve our livingenvironment. Meanwhile, it has aconsiderable impact on our naturaland built environment, as well as onhuman beings, consuming a significantproportion of limited resources on theearth including energy, raw material,water and land. Sustainability of thebuilt environment and relatedactivities is therefore a key issue tobe coped with by all of us to create asustainable future.

The 2005 World Sustainable BuildingConference will be held in Tokyo inSeptember 2005. A large number ofbuilding researchers, practitioners,officials, industry representatives andstudents from all over the world willgather at this conference to exchangethe latest knowledge and experienceregarding “Sustainable Buildings”.ECBCS is a proud Co-Sponsor of thisConference.

BACKGROUND

In 1994, the first international greenbuilding conference was held by CIBin the UK. This was followed by aneven larger event in Paris in 1997. Asomewhat different formulation waslater developed for conferencesrelated to the Green BuildingChallenge (GBC) process.

These have been called theSustainable Building Conferences,and were co-sponsored by countriesparticipating in the GBC process andCIB. The first event in this new serieswas held in Vancouver in 1998, and

followed by conferences in Maastrichtin 2000 and in Oslo in 2002.

This series of internationalconferences is now seen as thepremier international event in the fieldof Sustainable Buildings. This can beevidenced by an attendance of 600people in Vancouver, some 800 inMaastricht, and over 1000 in Oslo,comprising a variety of stakeholderssuch as researchers, designers,engineers, governmental officials,contractors, manufacturers, as wellas students.

CALL FOR PAPERS

Abstracts within 500 words and inEnglish for state-of-the-art papers fororal or poster presentations should besubmitted by 1st September 2004, tobe refereed by the Sub-Committee ofthe Academic Program.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Date: 27-29 September, 2005

Venue: International ConventionCenter PAMIR, New TakanawaPrince Hotel, Tokyo, Japan

Host: Japanese Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT)

Co-hosts:

• International Council for Researchand Innovation in Building andConstruction (www.cibworld.nl)

• International Initiative forSustainable Built Environment(www.iisbe.org)

• United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (www.unep.org)

Supporting Organisation:

United Nations University(www.unu.edu)

Language:

The official language of theconference is English.

AWARDS

A series of SB05Tokyo and iiSBEprizes will be awarded to

• The best sustainable building

• The best policy and program forsustainability

• The best innovation forsustainability

FINANCIAL SUPPORT FORPARTICIPANTS

Financial support for participants fromdeveloping regions (100 professionalsand 100 students in total) will beprovided by the host, according toprocedures still to be developed.

EXHIBITION

An exhibition of internationalsustainable buildings will be organizedat the Conference venue in parallelwith the oral and poster presentations.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Please visit the conference Web sitewww.sb05.com for additionalinformation This Web site providescomplete information on thisconference and will be continuouslyupdated as the planning continues.

ECBCS Co-Sponsors Forthcoming Conference

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GREENTIE is the Green-house Gas TechnologyInformation Exchange, one

of two programmes operating underthe International Energy Agency’sEETIC (Energy and EnvironmentalTechnologies Information Centres)Implementing Agreement. EETIC isan international collaborationdedicated to sharing information thathelps the participating countries tomeet their greenhouse gas emissiontargets. It also provides a platform onwhich their national energytechnologies and expertise can bedisplayed. (www.eetic.org)

The CADDET (Centre for theAnalysis and Dissemination ofDemonstrated Energy Technologies)programme, which also operatesunder EETIC, provides information ondemonstrated renewable energy andenergy efficiency projects.(www.caddet.org)

Greenhouse gas emissions are anincreasing risk consideration forproject managers around the world.But where to find the experts and

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technology suppliers who can helpreduce this environmental risk –particularly when the project isoverseas?

With 5,000 visitors each month, theGREENTIE Supplier Directorywebsite is a unique and popularinformation source for locatingcontractors and partners to design anddeliver projects. Over 6,000businesses offering services whichhelp reduce greenhouse gasemissions are currently listed.

GREENTIE is managed under theInternational Energy Agency, and uptill now only businesses fromparticipating countries could register.For the first time, businesses fromnon-member countries can be listedon the Directory.…and right nowthere’s a promotional offer of up to25% discount for new suppliers.

With 25 affiliated and membercountries, spanning 5 continents, theDirectory is truly international withsupport organisations based in eachcountry to assist project managers

and market the GREENTIE service.Two new features have recentlyadded value for project managers -

• Project Broker assists projectmanagers to rapidly search for theexpertise they require and putsthem in direct contact with thesuppliers they select.

• InfoPage is linked to Directoryentries and gives supplierscommercial space to expand ontheir products and services andmake web-links to their own sites.

If your business is energy efficiency,renewable energy or carbonmitigation, then widen your windowof opportunity - go towww.greentie.org and click in yourprofile.

For further information contact:Barbara Kitchener, at Future EnergySolutions:

Tel: +44 (0)870 190 6164Email: [email protected]

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ECBCS

• ECBCS News, ECBCS ExCoSupport Services Unit, 1984onwards, newsletter publishedevery 6 months.

Annex 5: Air Infiltration andVentilation Centre (AIVC)

• AIR Newsletter and AIVC CDpublished every 3 months

Database

• AIRBASE - bibliographicaldatabase, containing over 15,000records on air infiltration, ventilationand related areas, MS Accessformat, updated every 3 months.

Guides

• Ventilation Modelling Data GuideCD, Orme M and Leksmono N,2002

Technical Notes

• Acoustics and Ventilation, 2001,Ling M, TN 52

• Occupant Impact on Ventilation,2001, Liddament M, TN 53

• Residential Passive VentilationSystems: Evaluation and Design,2001, Axley J, TN 54


• A Review of InternationalLiterature Related to Ductwork forVentilation Systems, 2002,Malmström T-G, TN 56

• Residential Ventilation, 2002,Concannon P, TN 57

• Reducing Indoor ResidentialExposures to Outdoor Pollutants,2003, Sherman M and Matson N,TN 58

Annotated Bibliographies

• Ventilation System Duct Cleaning,2000, Limb M, BIB 10

• Balancing Ventilation Systems,2001, Limb M, BIB 11

• Review of Airflow MeasurementTechniques, 2003, McWilliams J,BIB 12

AIVC Conference Proceedings

• Innovations in VentilationTechnology, The Hague,Netherlands, 2000, CP 21

• Market Opportunities forAdvanced Ventilation Technology,Bath, UK, 2001, CP 22

• Energy Efficient and HealthyBuildings in Sustainable Cities,Lyon, France, 2002, CP23

• Ventilation, Humidity Control andEnergy, 2003, Washington, USA,CP24

Ventilation Information Papers

• Airtightness of ventilation ducts,2003, Delmotte Ch, VIP 01

• Indoor Air Pollutants – Part 1:General description of pollutants,levels and standards, 2003, LevinH, VIP 02

See www.aivc.org for details ofAnnex 5 publications.

Annex 19

Low Slope Roof Systems

•Technical Synthesis Report: Annex19 Low Slope Roof Systems,Palmer J, 2003

Annex 23

Multizone Air Flow Modelling

• Technical Synthesis Report:Multizone Air Flow Modelling(COMIS), by Peter Warren, UK,Coventry, ESSU, 2000

Annex 24

Heat, Air and Moisture Transport

• HAMTIE Technical SynthesisReport, ESSU, 2002.

Annex 27

Evaluation and Demonstration ofDomestic Ventilation Systems

• Technical Synthesis Report: Annex27 Evaluation and Demonstrationof Domestic Ventilation Systems,Concannon, P, 2002.

• Simplified Tools and Handbook CDwith VENSET, 2002

Annex 28

Low Energy Cooling Systems

• Technical Synthesis Report, M WLiddament, UK, Coventry, AirInfiltration and Ventilation Centre(AIVC), 2001.

• Design Tools for Low EnergyCooling: Technology Selection andEarly Design Guidance, Edited byNick Barnard and Denice JaunzensUK, BRE Ltd, 2001

• Detailed Design Tools for LowEnergy Cooling Technologies, HenkRoel, UK, BRE Ltd, 2000

Annex 30

Bringing Simulation to Application

• Technical Synthesis Report: Annex30 Bringing Simulation toApplication, Warren P, 2002

Annex 31

Energy-Related EnvironmentalImpact of Buildings

• Energy-Related EnvironmentalImpact of Buildings (Highlights),2002

• Environmental Framework, 2001

• Decision-Making Framework,2001

• Directory of Tools, A Survey ofLCA Tools, AssessmentFrameworks, Rating Systems,Technical Guidelines, Catalogues,Checklists and Certificates, 2001

• LCA Methods for Buildings, 2001

See www.annex31.com todownload Annex 31 publications.

Annex 32

Integral Building EnvelopePerformance Assessment

• Building Envelopes in a HolisticPerspective: Methodology, Finalreport Volume 1 by Leo Hendriksand Hugo Hens ACCO, Leuven,2000

• Development and Optimisation ofBuilding Envelopes for Existing andNew Buildings, Final ReportVolume 2 by Sven Svendson, ClausRudbeck, Horst Stopp and HannuMäkelä ACCO, Leuven, 2000

• Advanced Envelopes: MethodologyEvaluation and Design Tools, FinalReport Volume 3 by Paul Baker,Dirk Saelens, Matt Grace, TakashiInoue, 2000, published by Belgium,KU Leuven, LaboratoriumBouwfysica, 2000

• Technical Synthesis Report: Annex32 Integral Building EnvelopePerformance Assessment, Warren,P, 2003

Annex 33

Advanced Local Energy Planning

• A Guidebook for Advanced LocalEnergy Planning, edited byReinhard Jank, Germany,Bietigheim-Bissingen, FachinstitutGebaeude Klima e.V. (FGK),October 2000


Annex 34

Computer Aided Evaluation ofHVAC System Performance

• Demonstrating Automated FaultDetection and Diagnosis Methodsin Real Buildings: Proceedings ofVTT Symposium : 217, ArthurDexter and Jouko Pakanen (eds.)Finland, Espoo, VTT BuildingTechnology , 2001

Annex 35

Control Strategies for HybridVentilation in New and RetrofittedOffice Buildings (HYBVENT)

• Principles of Hybrid Ventilation,edited by Per Heiselberg, reportand CD, 2002

Annex 36

Retrofitting of EducationalBuildings

• Retrofitting of EducationalBuildings - Case Study Reports,edited by Morck O, 2003

Annex 37

Low Exergy Systems for Heatingand Cooling of Buildings

• Low Temperature Heating Systems- Increased Energy Efficiency andImproved Comfort, brochure, 2002

To download the Annex 37 brochure,see: www.vtt.fi/rte/projects/annex37

Annex 38

Solar Sustainable Housing

• Sustainable Solar Housing:Marketable Housing For A BetterEnvironment Brochure, 2003

• SIS demonstration housing projectin Freiburg, Germany, 2003

• Demonstration house in MonteCarasso, Switzerland, 2003

• Demonstration houses in Kassel,Germany, 2003

• Demonstration houses inHannover-Kronsberg, Germany,2003

• Zero energy house, Kanagawa,Japan, 2003

• Sunny Eco-House, Kankyokobo,Japan, 2003

See www.iea-shc.org/task28 todownload Annex 38 publications.

Annex 39

High Performance ThermalInsulation Systems (HiPTI)

• High Performance ThermalInsulation Systems - VacuumInsulated Products (VIP)Proceedings of the InternationalConference and Workshop, EMPADuebendorf, January 22-24, 2001,edited by Mark Zimmermann,Hans Bertschinger Switzerland,EMPA, 2001


�� $�#�-�� ''�##��:�' ��&AUSTRALIAMr Colin BlairDirector Building and UtilitiesStandards Australia International286 Sussex StreetP.O. Box 5420Sydney 2001Tel:+61 2 8206 6735Email: [email protected]

BELGIUMProf Jean Lebrun, Director,Lab.de Thermodynamique,Université de LiègeCampus du Sart-Tilman, Bâtiment B49Chemin des Chevreuils, B 4000 LiègeTel: +32 43 664801Tel: (Secretariat) +32 43 664800Email: [email protected]

CANADAMorad R Atif (Chairman)Director, Indoor Environment ResearchProgram, National Research Council,1500 Montreal Road (M-24)Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6Tel: +1 613 993 9580Email: [email protected]

CECto be arranged

CZECH REPUBLICIrena PlockovaMinisterstvo prumyslu a obchoduNa Frantisku 32110 15 Praha 1Tel: +420 224 851 111Email: [email protected]

DENMARKMr Jens WindeleffHead of SectionR&D and JI DivisionDanish Energy AuthorityAmaliegade 44DK-1256 Copenhagen K.Tel: +45 33 92 68 18Email: [email protected]

FINLANDMarkku Virtanenc/o Nella JanssonVTT Building and TransportPO Box 1804FIN-02044 VTTFINLANDTel:+358 50 596 7690Email: [email protected]

FRANCEMr Pierre HérantBâtiment et Collectivités, Agence del’Environment et de la Maîtrise de l’EnergieCentre de Sophia Antipolis, 06560 ValbonneTel: +33 4 93 95 7947Email: [email protected]

GERMANYMr Jürgen GehrmannForschungszentrum Jülich, ProjektträgerBiologie, Okologie, EnergiePostfach 1913D 52425 JülichTel: +49 2461 614852Email: [email protected]

GREECEMr Dimitrios NomidisHead, Energy Saving Division, Ministry ofDevelopment, Michalacopoulou str. 80GR-101 92 AthensTel: +30 210 6969444Email: [email protected]

ISRAELDr. H. Avraham ArbibDeputy Chief Scientist and Director,Division of R&D,Ministry of National Infrastructures,P O Box 13106Jerusalem 91130Tel: +972 2 5316128Email: [email protected]

ITALYDr Marco CitterioENEA SIRE HABC.R. CasacciaVia Anguillarese 30100060 S. Maria di GaleriaRomaTel: + 39 06 3048 3703Email: [email protected]

JAPANProf Yuichiro KodamaKobe Design University, Gakuen-nishi 8-1-1Nishi-ku , KobeTel: +81 78 796 2571Email: [email protected]

NETHERLANDSMr Piet HeijnenAccount Manager Sector Bouw, NOVEM BV,Swentiboldstraat 21, Postbus 17, 6130 AASittardTel: +31 46 4 202268Email: [email protected]

NEW ZEALANDMr Michael DonnSchool of ArchitectureVictoria University of WellingtonPO Box 600, Wellington 1Tel:+64 4 463 6221Email: [email protected]

NORWAYDr Jørn Brunsell (Vice Chairman)Norwegian Building Research InstitutePO Box 123 Blindern, N-0314 OsloTel: +47 22 96 55 46Email: [email protected]

POLANDProf Stanislaw MierzwinskiSilesian Technical UniversityFaculty of Environmental and EnergyEngineering, Dept of Heating, Ventilation &Dust Removal Technology, ul Konarskiego 2044 101 GliwiceTel: +48 32 2 37 1280Email: [email protected]

PORTUGALProf. Eduardo MaldonadoFaculdade de EngenhariaUniversidade do PortoRua Dr. Roberto Rriass/n 4200-465 PortoTel: +351 22 508 14 00Email: [email protected]

SWEDENMr Conny RolénFormasBox 1206Birger Jarls torg 5S-111 82 StockholmTel: +46 8 775 4030Email: [email protected]

SWITZERLANDMr Mark ZimmermannEMPA-ZEN, Uberlandstrasse 129CH 8600 DübendorfTel: +41 1 823 4178Email: [email protected]

TURKEYto be arranged

UKDr Paul DavidsonBREGarstonWatford WD25 9XXTel: +44 (0)1923 664437Email: [email protected]

USAMr Richard Karney,Senior Technical Advisor, Office of BuildingTechnologies, State and CommunityProgrammes, US Department of Energy,Mail Stop EE-4211000 Independence Ave, SW,Washington DC 20585Tel: +1 202 586 9449Email: [email protected]


5 Air Infiltration and VentilationCentre (1979-)Dr Peter WoutersINIVE EEIGBoulevard Poincaré 79B-1060 BrusselsBelgiumTel: +32 2 655 7711Email: [email protected]: www.aivc.org

36 Retrofitting in EducationalBuildings – Energy Concept Adviserfor Technical Retrofit Measures(1998-2004)Dr Hans ErhornFrauhofer Institute of Building PhysicsNobelstr.12D-70569 StuttgartGermanyTel: +49 711 970 3380Email: [email protected]: www.annex36.com

36 Energy Concept Adviser WorkingGroup Annex Extension(2004-2005)Dr Ove MørckCenergia Energy ConsultantsSct. JacobsVej 4DK 2750 BallerupDenmarkTel: +45 4466 0099Email: [email protected]: www.annex36.com

37 Low Exergy Systems for Heatingand Cooling of Buildings (1999-2003)Dr Markku Virtanenc/o Nella JanssonVTT Building and TransportPO Box 1804FIN-02044 VTTFinlandTel:+358 50 596 7690Email: [email protected]: www.vtt.fi/rte/projects/annex37

38 Solar Sustainable Housing(Solar Heating and CoolingTask 28) (2000-2005)Robert Hastings (Operating Agent)Architecture, Energy & Environment GmbHKirchstrasse 1CH 8304 WallisellenSwitzerlandTel: +41 1 883 1717 or 16Email: [email protected]: www.iea-shc.org/task28

Dr Hans Erhorn (ECBCS Representative)Frauhofer Institute of Building PhysicsNobelstr.12D-70569 StuttgartGermanyTel: +49 711 970 3380Email: [email protected]

39 High Performance ThermalInsulation Systems (2001-)Markus Erb and Hanspeter EicherDr H Eicher and Pauli AGKasernenstrasse 21, CH-4410 LiestalSwitzerlandTel: +41 61 921 99 91Email: [email protected]

40 Commissioning of Building HVACSystems for Improving EnergyPerformance (2001-)Dr Jean Christophe VisierCSTB, Head of Automation & EnergyManagement Group84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, BP 02F-77421 Marne la Vallée Cedex 02FranceTel: +33 1 64 68 82 94Email: [email protected]: www.commissioning-hvac.org

41 Whole Building Heat, Air andMoisture Response (MOIST-ENG)Prof Hugo HensK.U. LeuvenDepartment of Civil EngineeringLaboratory of Building PhysicsKasteelpark Arenberg, 51B-3001 LeuvenBelgiumTel: +32 16 32 44Email: [email protected]:www.kuleuven.ac.be/bwf/projects/annex41

42 COGEN-SIM : The Simulation ofBuilding-IntegratedFuel Cell and Other CogenerationSystemsDr Ian Beausoleil-MorrisonCANMET Energy Technology CentreNatural Resources Canada580 Booth Street, 13th FloorOttawa K1A 0E4CanadaTel: +1 613 943 2262Email: [email protected]: cogen-sim.net

43 Testing and Validation of BuildingEnergy Simulation Tools (SolarHeating and CoolingTask 34)Dr Ron JudkoffBuildings & Thermal Systems CenterNational Renewable Energy Lab (NREL)1617 Cole Blvd.Golden, CO 80401USATel: +1 303 384 7520Email: [email protected]: www.iea-shc.org/tasks/task34_page.htm

44 Integrating EnvironmentallyResponsive Elements in BuildingsProf Per HeiselbergIndoor Environmental EngineeringAalborg UniversitySohngårdsholmsvej 57DK-9000 AalborgDenmarkTel: +45 9635 8541Email: [email protected]

45 Energy-Efficient Future ElectricLighting for BuildingsProf Liisa HalonenHelsinki University of TechnologyLighting LaboratoryP.O.Box 3000,FIN-02015 HUTFinlandTel: +358 9 4512418Email: [email protected]

IEA SecretariatDr Alan MeierOffice of Energy Efficiency, Technology, R&D,9 Rue de la Fédération75739 Paris Cedex 15FranceTel: +33 1 40 57 66 85Email: [email protected]: www.iea.org

Nancy TurckIEA Legal Office9 rue de la Fédération75739 Paris Cedex 15FranceEmail: [email protected]

Published byECBCS Executive Committee Support Services Unitc/o FaberMaunsell Ltd, Tel: +44(0)121 262 1900Beaufort House Fax: +44(0)121 262 199494/96 Newhall Street, Birmingham B3 1PB Email: [email protected] Kingdom Web: www.ecbcs.org

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