energy concept khoroo19 - un escap · 2019-06-13 · •develop passive energy saving measures...

EGS-plan (Bangkok) Co. Ltd.

Date :

Name :

21.01.2018

Energy Concept Khoroo 19

Dr.-Ing. Robert HimmlerPaveen (Bank) Rojchanavisart

© EGS-plan | www.egs-bangkok.com | Energy Concept Khoroo 19 | 21.01.2019

Content

1. Project Bases & Goals2. Climate Analyses3. Architecture4. Passive Design / Building Physics5. Energy Demand Calculation6. Heating System7. Option 1: Low Energy House8. Option 2: Innovative Solution9. Conclusion

2


Project Goals

3


Project Goals

• Analyze existing architectural concept Khoroo 19• Develop passive energy saving measures• Develop energy efficient building services• Develop energy supply concept

ØOptimize energy demandØOptimize thermal comfortØProtect building from damage in regard to

humidity and fungusØReliable energy supply

4


Bases

5

• The architectural design concept “Khoroo 19” of Unexpected Co., Ltd. was taken as bases and left untouched as much as possible. However, design changes required by the energy concept are suggested accordingly.

• The following report of Fraunhofer IBP was provided to the consultant: “Mongolian-German ECO CITY Berlin, Ulaanbaatar”: Documentation and structural-physical evaluation (ESB-004/2012en HOKI)


• A list of questions of the consultant were answered in an e-mail on 13th of November 2018

• Other than that the consultant has no further knowledge about availability of technologies, skills of labour and investment costs in Mongolia. Recommendations made based on the experience in other countries and to the best knowledge of the consultant

• No quantitative design goal was given to the consultant (e.g. kWh/m2a)

6

Bases


Climate Analyses

7


Ambient Temperature and Radiation Data Ulaanbaatar (EPW Weather Data)

8


Ground Temperature Data Ulaanbaatar(EPW Weather Data)

9


Ambient Temperature and Radiation Data Frankfurt(EPW Weather Data)

10


Ground Temperature Data Frankfurt(EPW Weather Data)

11


Recommendation / Conclusion

12

• Average annual ambient temperature in Ulaanbaatar is -0.6�C and goes down to -35�C. Expected overall heating energy demand is significantly higher than Germany.

• Annual global radiation sum is 1,370 kWh/m2a and especially in wintertime it is much higher than in Germany.

• Soil temperature even 4 m under the surface is -9 �C.

ØLow ambient temperature requires good insulation of all exterior components

ØHigh global radiation even in wintertime is beneficial for solar energy (solar thermal and even more solar PV)

ØLow soil temperature cannot be used for air preheating (soil heat exchanger) and horizontal soil collector. Only vertical earth probes might make sense, if soil conditions are beneficial.


Project Basics / Architecture

13


Basics Khoroo 19

14

NORTH

Location: Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaBuildings: 16 semi-detached residential houses with 2 units each

(1 and 2 bedrooms)


Apartment Size

15

Total: 121.83 m2NGF230.00 m2GFA


Ground Floor: 1 bedroom unit

16

Entrance1 bedroom unit

bedroom

Living room

Stair case to2 bedroom unit


1st Floor: 2 bedroom unit

17

Entrance2 bedroom unit

bedroom

Living room


2nd Floor: 2 bedroom unit

18

bedroom

Attic


Recommendation / ConclusionArchitecture

19

• Technical rooms are not foreseen in the current design. Technical rooms should be located within the insulated building envelope (e.g. 1st floor between buildings). Outside stairs have to be relocated.

TechnicalRoom


Recommendation / ConclusionArchitecture

20

Relocate infrastructureChannel under thebuilding and inside theinsulated envelope


Passive Design / Building Physics

21


Approach

• The positive aspects of the existing design stated in the evaluation report of IBP were used as a bases for implementation.

• Negative aspects were considered and accordingly improved.

• The PHPP V9.6a (Passivhaus-Projektierungpaket) was used to calculate energy demand and heat load with a weather data set of Ulaanbaatar certified by Passivehouse Institute.

22


2.80 m

2.80 m

2.80 m

27 m2

Building dimensions

23

Ventilated floor area115 m2 (Est.)

Ceiling Height2.80 m

Perimeter length21.4 m

Footprint55 m2

44 m2

N

44 m2


Envelope area

24

External wall – East / West71.5 m2

External wall – South54.4 m2

External wall – North51.2 m2

3 m6 m

RoofSouth 19.2 m2North 38.4 m2


Building Physics - Wall

25

U = 0.154 + 0.05* = 0.204 W/m2K

*add-on for thermal bridge


Building Physics – Floor

26

U = 0.155 + 0.05* = 0.205 W/m2K



Building Physics - Roof

27

U = 0.136 + 0.05* = 0.186 W/m2K



Building Physics - Windows

28

Triple Glazing U-value 1.47 W/m2K(Average value from measurement only for coated windows)

Triple Glazing g-value0.5(No written information on glazing g-value, only that it is coated triple glazing. Assumption: g = 0.5)

Window frame U-value1.50 W/m2K(No written information on windows frame u value, but judging from the photos the frame is made of PVC. Therefore, standard PVC frame was assumed)


Others

29

• Thermal bridges shall be designed according to details of DIN 4108-6 (as in Eco City Berlin)

ØEnergy loss through thermal bridges are considered according to DIN V 18599-2 with +0.05 W/m2K per regular construction

• Air leakage considered with n50 = 2.8 h-1 (according to blower door test Eco City Berlin)

• No mechanical ventilation considered. Window ventilation assumed to be 20 m3/h per person.

ØEffective ventilation rate (infiltration & window) is 0.4 h-1)


Recommendation / ConclusionPassive Design / Building Physics

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Relocate infrastructureChannel under thebuilding and inside theinsulated envelope

Insulation under the floorslab is missing in thearchitectural drawings!

Balcony should be structurally independent (no continuous floor slab punching through the insulation layer)


Energy Demand Calculation

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Annual Heating Demand (Useful Energy) with window ventilation

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Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery

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• Mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery

• Heat recovery rate 90%• Air has to be electrically pre-heated to -20�C• Supply air might need to be re-heated after

heat recovery to prevent discomfort (draft)• Requires skilled mechanical design and

craftsmen to avoid acoustic problemsØ Improves air quality and reduces risk of

condensationØReduces heating demand


Annual Heating Demand (Useful Energy) with mechanical ventilation with heat recovery

34


Monthly Heating Demand (Useful Energy) for option with natural ventilation

35


Average Heat Load for option with natural ventilation

36

Please bear in mind, that the heating load calculation has to be done for each room individually during detailed design!


Recommendation / ConclusionEnergy Demand Calculation

• Ventilation with heat recovery significantly reduces energy demand, but might not be feasible to implement.

• Annual heating demand (useful energy) is 147 kWh/m2a.

• Heat losses occur due to external walls (25 %), windows (25 %), ventilation (28 %) and others (22 %)

• Heating season is from September to May• Average heat load is 64 W/m2

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Heating System

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Floor Heating System (Concept): High Energy Efficiency & High Thermal Comfort

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Ground Floor 1st Floor 2nd Floor

HorizontalDistributor(coordinationwith architectRequired)

Connection toTechnical Room

Design Temperature Bathrooms : 24�C

Design TemperatureOther Rooms: 20�C


Design Conditions of Floor Heating

40

• Average heat load is 64 W/m2

• Design room temperature in living room, dining room, sleeping room and corridors: 20�C

• Design room temperature in Bathrooms: 24 �C• Maximum surface temperature in permanently occupied

spaces: 29 �C• The maximum recommendable heating circuit length is 120 m


Floor Heating System – Living Room, Dining Room, Sleeping Room, Corridor

41


Floor Heating System – Bath Room

42


Pre-selectionEnergy Supply System

43


Option 1: Low Energy House

44

District Heat Electricity Gas, Oil Air to water

Heat Pump

Vertical borehole

Heat Pump

HP with Ice Storage

Photo-voltaic

Solar DHW with

heating

Wood Pellet, Wood Chips

Ecology Fossil Fuel Fossil Fuel Fossil FuelInefficient due to low outside temperatures

Depending on soil

conditions

High efficiency

Renewable energy

Renewable energy

Renewable energy

Local applicability

Only were DH is

availableEverywhere

No gas grid, only comes

with trucks

EverywhereDepending

on soil conditions

Everywhere Everywhere EverywhereNo biomass

infra-structure

Fluctuation Always available

Always available

Always available

Always available

Always available

Yes, needs backup

Yes, needs backup

Yes, needs backup No

Local design and installation knowledge

Yes Yes Yes NoFirst project experience, but failed

No Yes Yes No

Technology locally available

Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No

Local Emissions No No Yes No No No No No Yes

backup renewableOptionalAdd-on

Ø A combination of solar thermal technology with electrical back-up is feasible as proven by the Eco City Berlin project and reduces the energy demand by 41%


Option 2: Innovative Solution

45

District Heat Electricity Gas, Oil Air to water

Heat Pump

Vertical borehole

Heat Pump

HP with Solar and

Ice Storage

Photo-voltaic

Solar DHW with

heating

Wood Pellet, Wood Chips

Ecology Fossil Fuel Fossil Fuel Fossil Fuel

Inefficient due

to low outside

temperatures

Depending

on soil

conditions

High

efficiency

Renewable

energy

Renewable

energy

Renewable

energy

Local

applicability

Only were

DH is

available

Everywhere

No gas

grid, only

comes

with trucks

Everywhere

Depending

on soil

conditions

Everywhere Everywhere Everywhere

No biomass

infra-

structure

Fluctuation Always

available

Always

available

Always

available

Always

available

Always

available

Yes, needs

backup

Yes, needs

backup

Yes, needs

backupNo

Local

design and

installation

knowledge

Yes Yes Yes No

First project

experience,

but failed

No Yes Yes No

Technology

locally

available

Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No

Local

EmissionsNo No Yes No No No No No Yes

backup renewableOptionalAdd-on

Ø Highly innovative solution utilizing a heat pump, whose heat source is an

ice storage in combination with solar thermal.


Option 1: Low Energy House

46


Solar Domestic Hot Water System with Heating Support for 1 building

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Evacuated Tube Collector (13 m2; collector efficiency: 47.3 %)

1,5 m3 Buffer Storage

10 kW ElectricHeating Element

Mixing Valve

Domestic WaterHeaterHeat Meter

Water Meter


Annual Energy Balance per Building calculated with

Polysun and Weather Data of Ulan Bataar

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Solar Thermal Energy

Electric Heating

Pump Energy

Heating Energy (Useful Energy)

Domestic Hot Water

Thermal Losses to the

Ambient

Thermal Losses to the

Interior

Total Solar Fraction: 41,1 %

Solar Fraction DHW: 60,2 %

Solar Fraction Heating: 33,1 %


Total Solar Fraction

49

Tota

l Sol

ar F

ract

ion

[%]


Technical Room in 1st floor

50

4 x 1,5 m3 Buffer StorageSpace for Pumps, Expansion Vessels,Heat Controller etc.

Riser for Domestic Hot Waterto 2nd floor (attic)

Riser for Floor Heatingto 2nd floor (attic)


Horizontal Distribution of Domestic Hot Water and Heating

51

Floor Heating

DomesticHot Water

Riser from 1st floor (Technical Room)

Heat Exchangerfor DHW


Sectional Drawing Technical Room

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4 x 1,5 m3 Buffer Storage

Rotated (48�) Absorber Fins forbetter Architectural Integration


Riser for DHW andHeating


Sectional Drawing Technical Room

53

4 x 1,5 m3 Buffer Storage

Rotated (48�) Absorber Fins forbetter Architectural Integration


Riser for DHW andHeating


Life expectancy of technical components according to VDI 2067

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Component Expected Lifetime [a]

Floor heating 50

Pumps 10

Expansion vessel 15

Evacuated Tube Collector 18

Fresh water station 20


Technical Rooms

55


Option 2: Innovative Solution

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Energy Supply Concept

57

Buffer StorageHeat PumpIce Storage

Flat Plate / Evacuated TubeCollector Domestic Hot

Water

Floor Heating

Qsolar

QhpQice


Example of implementation:Energy Plus House Frankfurt Riedberg

58

Heatpump 40 kW (Heat Load 25 kW + DHW 15 kW)Sources of HP: Ice Storage and Solar Thermal

Ice Storage 100 m³ Water Content / 120 m³ Volume

Buffer Storage 800 Liter

Ventilation central ventilation with energy recoveryAirflow max. 2.200 m³/hHeat Recovery 84 %

Cooling 15 W/m² Cooling Power from Ice Storage

Solar Air Absorber


Example of implementation:Energy Plus House Frankfurt Riedberg

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ØRequires sophisticated simulation studies for sizing of solar thermal,

heat pump, ice storage etc.

ØDetailed design in Germany

ØKnowledgeable suppliers and installers (e.g. Viessmann)

ØEnergy monitoring and optimization


Final Conclusion

60


Recommendation / Conclusion

• The passive energy saving concept according to Eco City Berlin is feasible and recommended for implementation.

• Expected useful heating energy demand is 146.8 kWh/m2a.

• Option 1 (solar thermal & electric backup) lead to an end energy demand for heating and DHW of 138.0 kWh/m2a.

• Option 2 (Solar thermal, heat pump and ice storage) is an innovative approach, which requires sophisticated simulation, detailed design, QM during installation and energy monitoring & optimization.

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EGS-plan (Bangkok) Co., Ltd.1706/26 SafeBox Office Bangkok, 3rd Floor, Unit 1Rama 6 Road, Rong Muang, Pathumwan, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand

[email protected]

Thank you for your attention!

62

EGS-plan (Bangkok) Co., Ltd.1706/26 SafeBox Office Bangkok, 3rd Floor, Unit 1Rama 6 Road, Rong Muang, Pathumwan, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand

[email protected]

Thank you for your attention!

57

energy concept khoroo19 - un escap · 2019-06-13 · •develop passive energy saving measures...

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