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ENERGY (Chapter 6) Slide 2 2 1 57 58 20 CELLULAR GASOLINE Slide 3 Cellular Tasks that need Energy Slide 4 ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Slide 5 ATP + H 2 OADP + P + Energy Release from ATP Slide 6 + + H2OH2O ATP SYNTHESIS + (Restoring the ATP Supply) Slide 7 Slide 8 Glucose Metabolism Slide 9 C C C C C C GLYCOLYSIS + 2 ATP Slide 10 59 C C C C C C 6 CO 2 CELLULAR/AEROBIC RESPIRATION (Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain) 34-36 ATP O2O2 Slide 11 4 4 ATP Slide 12 7 HETEROTROPH: 8 60 62 63 Slide 13 5 AUTOTROPHS 64 Slide 14 9 11 Autotroph: Chemosynthesis (Deep Sea Vents) Slide 15 H 2 S + O 2 2S + H 2 O + Energy 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 Energy A) Oxidize a chemical (H 2 S, S, CO, NH 4 +, FE 2+, H 2, NO 2 -, etc.) B) Use Energy and CO 2 to Synthesize Sugar Slide 16 NITROGEN CYCLE 39 Slide 17 Nitrogen Fixation: Rhizobium 40 41 Root Nodule N2N2 NH 4 + Azotobacter cyanobacteria Slide 18 12 Nitrosomonas 13 Nitrobacter Soil Bacteria: Nitrification Reactions 39 (Special Type of Chemosynthesis) Slide 19 NH 4 + + O 2 NO 2 - + Energy NO 2 - + O 2 NO 3 - + Energy (Nitrosomonas) (Nitrobacter) A) Oxidation Reactions B) Use Energy and CO 2 to Synthesize Sugar 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 Energy Slide 20 10 12 Autotrophs: Photosynthesis 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 Energy (Light) Slide 21 13 Slide 22 Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) ( ~ Visible Spectrum) Slide 23 Fig. 6.3 in Molles 2006 Slide 24 LEAF ANATOMY (C 3 Anatomy) 16 17 Slide 25 Fig. 6.4 in Molles 2006 C 3 Photosynthesis RUBISCO Slide 26 Drawbacks of Rubisco: 1) 2) 41 Slide 27 Bundle Sheath Cells C 4 Photosynthesis Slide 28 Fig. 7.5 in Molles 2006 C 4 Photosynthesis PEP Carboxylase Slide 29 Advantages of PEP Carboxylase: Disadvantages of PEP Carboxylase: 42 Slide 30 18 19 Slide 31 20 21 10 Slide 32 Fig. 7.6 in Molles 2006 CAM Photosynthesis PEP Carboxylase Slide 33 Advantages of CAM: Disadvantages of CAM: 45 21 Slide 34 22 C4C4 CAM Slide 35 Heterotrophs 23 24 25 Slide 36 TROPHIC LEVELS 26 Slide 37 Trophic Diversity in Life Fig. 7.2 in Molles 2013 Slide 38 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS 32 Slide 39 Chemical Composition of Life (> 93%: H O C N P) Fig. 7.11 in Molles 2006 Slide 40 Challenges of Herbivory 33 43 Slide 41 34 35 Challenges of Herbivory Slide 42 36 Challenges of Herbivory Slide 43 46 47 Slide 44 Challenges of Detritivory Fig. 7.14 in Molles 2006 Slide 45 Challenges of Carnivory 48 49 50 51 53 Slide 46 52 Slide 47 Mimicry: Mullerian 54 Slide 48 Mimicry: Batesian 55 56 Slide 49 Individual Response to Increasing Energy NEXT.. Slide 50 FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE Slide 51 2 http://wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/ Paramecium.jpg 1 http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/bacecoli.jpg 3 http://www.imperialsugar.com/_filelib/ImageGallery/brands/ImpEFG1.jpg 4 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/energpath1.gif 5 http://www.ac-rennes.fr/pedagogie/svt/photo/microalg/euglena.jpg 6 http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48177/Chlamydomonas.gif 7 http://www.animalsonrugs.com/members/890202/uploaded/LionZebra.jpg 8 http://www.dlc.fi/~marianna/gourmet/pic/s_cube_w.jpg 9 http://people.cornellcollege.edu/m-mariorenzi/geo105/images/ sr_life_bacteria_en.jpg Slide 52 10 http://k43.pbase.com/u43/bearpaw/large/27854302.soaptree_yucca2.jpg 11 http://http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/annelida/pogo1.gif 12 http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/dlc-me/zoo/zdrs0232.jpg 13 http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/images/content/114284main_EM_ Spectrum500.jpg 14 http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/emsp1.gif 15 http://hypnea.botany.uwc.ac.za/marbot/images/lightwater.gif 16 http://www.ualr.edu/botany/c3c4dif.gif 17 http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_01_img0077.jpg Slide 53 18 http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/images/junegrass4.jpg 19 http://www.headquarterswest.com/vegetation/sideoats_grama.jpg 20 http://static.flickr.com/64/225527685_7c7986129d.jpg 21 http://static.flickr.com/94/223304485_e3ef2c81e2.jpg 22 http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/GB-1%20p35.jpg 23 http://webfiles.nacs.uci.edu/treseder/public/ Research/Waxy_LBMs_DFCC.jpg 24 http://www.kidport.com/REFLIB/Science/WhoEatsWhat/images/ WolfDeer.jpg 25 http://static.flickr.com/60/224521691_dd731a59a2.jpg 26 http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/gctext/Inquiries/ Inquiries_by_Unit/Unit_4_files/image006.jpg Slide 54 32 http://static.flickr.com/66/171423539_4b4ead1d90.jpg 33 http://oregonstate.edu/~siefkenj/photography/images/rose%20thorn%20b.jpg 35 http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/images/plantcell.jpg 36 http://crdp.ac-besancon.fr/flore/recettes_latin/plantes/conium_ maculatum_30.jpg 37http://www.meemelink.com/prints%20images/16563.Anacardiaceae%20 -%20Toxicodendron%20quercifolium.jpg 38 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/C4leaf.gif 39 http://whyfiles.org/199_soil/images/nitrogen_cycle.gif 40 http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/27T-03a-Rhizobium.jpg Slide 55 41 http://www.ckfoto.com/IMAGES/Australia%201/Desert%20plant.jpg 42 http://www.lewis-clark.org/media/NewImages/LEWISRETURN/ pl_blue-gramma-grass.jpg 43 http://k41.pbase.com/u12/selvin/upload/42713826.Mangoblossomon cactus.jpg 44 http://uwarboretum.org/photos/image.php?width=426&file=/ photos/photos/1155683137-4.jpg 45 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/17/ Pineapple1.JPG/240px-Pineapple1.JPG 46 http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/loeb_library/information_systems/ projects/E_vue/images/plant_images/large/Quercus_palustris_02L.jpg 47 http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_Collections/ecp/ecp_sites/ NPI_web/plowman_images/GN88785.17.gif Slide 56 48 http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/boreal/images/page9.jpg 49 http://zoltantakacs.com/zt/im/scan/reptiles/15823-120.jpg 50 http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues01/Co03102001/Art/porcupine.jpg 51 http://home.att.net/~larvalbugrex/opossum2.jpg 52 http://images.wildmadagascar.org/pictures/isalo/walking_stick0071.jpg 53 http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/h2o2/bombbeetle.gif 54 http://fusion.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillar/files/thumbs/DHJanzen100197.jpg 55 http://www.snakemuseum.com/photos/rearfang/FalseWaterCobra6.jpg 56 http://www.soocool.com/gallery/photos/exhibitregular/King_Cobra.jpg 57 http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/greater-roadrunner-arizona-2007.jpg 58 http://ncfarmsinc.com/store/images/Coleus%20Defiance.jpg Slide 57 59 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/774/170802.JPG 60 http://www.mdidea.com/products/new/black_fungus.jpg 61 http://www.adnet.ie/blogs/media/mushroom.jpg 62 http://www.op.net/~finklesk/paramecium.gif 63 http://www.plantoftheweek.org/image/coleus.jpg 64 http://www.lastrefuge.co.uk/images-database/david-spears/big1/http://www.lastrefuge.co.uk/images-database/david-spears/big1/ Anabaena-new2.jpg