ener gy r ecover y, the new fr ontier · an water/ lithium bromide type absorber, fed by hot water,...

EN ER GY R ECOVER Y,THE N EW FR ON TIER

The ter m “cogener ation”, means the combined pr oduction of electr ical and ther mal ener gy us ing conventional fuels s uch as natur al gas or Dies el. This technology allows us to effic iently exploit the ener gy contained in the fuel us ed, avoiding dis per s ing heat which has not been us ed into the atmos pher e. A r eduction in ener gy cons umption and pollution emis s ions into the atmos pher e is als o achieved.

The electr ical and heating needs of commer cial, r es idential and indus tr ial s ites can thus be s atis fied (wholly or in par t) by r ecover ing heat that is pr oduced in the oper ating of an inter nal combus tion engine joined to an electr ic s ynchr onous thr ee-phas e gener ator (power unit).

Tr igener ation may be cons ider ed an evolution of the cogener ation pr oces s . Tr igener ation can be defined as the conver s ion of a s ingle fuel s our ce into thr ee ener gy pr oducts : electr ic ity, s team or hot water and chilled water , with lower pollution and gr eater effic iency than pr oducing the thr ee pr oducts s epar ately.

C OGE N E R ATION AN D TR IGE N E R ATION

4 2

5 8

7 0

TH E R M AL P R ODU C TION

E LE C TR IC AL P R ODU C TION

COGEN ER ATION S YS TEM 7 0

3 4 TH E R M AL E N E R GY

2 2 E LE C TR IC AL E N E R GY

2 2 E LE C TR IC AL E N E R GY

TOTAL IN LE T E N E R GY = 1 0 0

TOTAL IN LE T E N E R GY = 7 0

S AV IN G = 3 0

3 4 TH E R M AL E N E R GY

8 LOS S

3 6 LOS S

1 4 LOS S

S Y S TE M C ON FIGU R ATION .

The heat r ecover y comes about in the for m of hot water (9 5 ° C) mainly us ed to feed a water / lithium br omide abs or ber that pr oduces chilled water for air -conditioning. P ar t of the heat r etr ieved is us ed to pr oduce war m clean water and for air -conditioning. An initial s tep in ther mal r ecover y is pr oduced by the war m water c ir cuit of the engine which collects the heat given to the engine water , to lube oil, to the fir s t s tage after cooler . R ecover ed hea t power fr om this c ir cuit is 6 3 2 kW .

A s econd heat r ecover y s ys tem is pr oduced with the exhaus t fumes by a tube bundle exchanger . Heat thus r ecover ed is added to that r ecover ed dur ing the fir s t pr oces s , by fur ther incr eas ing the water temper atur e of the s ys tem.R egulation of the power r ecover ed comes about thr ough fume by-pas s valves linked and commanded by tempe-r atur e s ignal. W hen calibr ation temper atur e has been r eached, the exhaus t fumes ar e then s ent dir ectly to the exhaus t s ilencer , without going thr ough the fumes exchanger . Ther ma l power thus r ecover ed fr om exha us t fumes is equiva lent to 7 7 3 kW .

Total ther mal power r ecover ed fr om the cogener ator is equivalent to: 6 3 2 kW + 7 7 3 kW = 1 , 4 0 5 kW .

GAS2 8 4 1 kW t

G.E.2 x 9 7 0 kW e

Evapor ation tower

Abs or ber

Exhaust fumes 7 7 3 kW t

Chilled water1 6 8 0 kW t

Engine water6 3 2 kW t

EN ER GY/ M AN = AR T + S CIEN CE + LIFE COGENERATION AND TRIGENERATION

M AIN C OM P ON E N T P AR TS OF TH E S Y S TE M

GAS R AM P

The natur al gas feed to the gener ator comes about by a gas s tr eet s ys tem [fig. 1 ] whic h is s ituated on the outs ide of the cogener ation r oom and is made up of a complete s et of command, contr ol and meas ur ing devices .

P r oceeding towar ds the gener ator , the gas s tr eet cons is ts of:

• a gener al hand-oper ated cut-off valve (VM 1 0 1 );

• a hand-operated rearming s olenoid valve, interlinked to a gas leakage detector exchange and detector s s ituated above the gener ator (EV1 0 1 )

• a gas filter , filter ing any s lag (FG1 0 1 );

• two s afety s olenoid valves , with a differ entia l pr es s ur e s witch (EV1 0 2 -1 0 3 );

• a gas gauge with volume cor r ector bas ed on fuel temper atur e (M S G1 0 1 );

• a wor k s olenoid valve;

• an flexible joint (FX1 0 5 );

• pr es s ur e gauges .

EN ER GY R ECOVER Y, THE N EW FR ON TIER

C OOLIN G E N GIN E C IR C U IT The cooling c ir cuit as well as to ther mal ener gy r ecover y, may be des cr ibed beginning fr om the ge-ner ator . Gener ator is connected by a pipeline (DN 1 2 5 ) to a twin exchanger , 6 3 2 kW t (S C1 0 3 ).W ith no heat r ecover y the engine cooling s ys tem is as s ur ed by an additional exchanger (S C1 0 2 ).A pumps gr oup (VI1 1 3 1 1 6 ) having a differ ential pr es s ur e s witch, contr ol the flow thr ough the pipes till the exhaus t exchanger (S C1 0 4 ) whcich incr ea-s e water temper atur e fr om 8 9 . 5 ° C to 9 5 ° C.


2nd

S TAGE AFTE R C OOLE R C IR C U IT

The after cooler is dual-s tage, made up of two fin-ned air / water heat exchanger s , for the cooling of the air / methane mixtur e once it has pas s ed the over feeding compr es s or , and befor e has enter ed into the cylinder s . The 2 nd s tage has a low tempe-r atur e (5 4 ° C) and low power , ther efor e ther mal r ecover y does not take place. The heat is exchan-ged thr ough a plate exchanger (S C1 0 1 ). On the s econdar y s ide does the tower water oper ate.W ater flow within the c ir cuit is maintained by cen-tr ifugal pump mechanically activated by the engine.

W ATE R E N GIN E R E C OV E R Y E X C H AN GE R Heat recovery of the water engine temperature – lu-bricating oil – 1 s t s tage aftercooler (primary s ide) co-mes through a plate exchanger (S C1 0 3 ). The plant water pas s trough on the exchanger s econdary s ide, maintained the two s ys tem completely s eparated. H ea t r ecover y = 6 3 2 kW

E M E R GE N C Y E N GIN E C OOLIN G E X C H AN GE R

W hen heat r ecover y is not needed on the plant, the engine cooling s ys tem is as s ur ed by an additio-nal exchanger (S C1 0 2 ) H ea t r a t ing = 6 3 2 kW

2nd

S TAGE AFTE R C OOLE R E X C H AN GE R The heat of the 2 nd s tage after cooler not r ecove-r able is exchanged thr ough a cooling tower . H ea t r a t ing = 8 7 kW

E X H AU S T E X C H AN GE R

Ther mal r ecover y fr om hot engine exhaus t is achieved by tube bundle heat exchanger (S C 1 0 4 ). Upon the pr imar y s ide oper ate the exhaus t fumes and upon the s econdar y s ide oper ates the s ys tem water c ir cuit. H ea t r ecover y = 7 7 3 kW


E N GIN E C OOLIN G S Y S TE M This c ir cuit connects the s econdar y s ides of the water engine r ecover y exchanger , of the fume ex-changer and of the abs or ber .


AB S OR B E R (AS 0 0 1 )

An water / lithium br omide type abs or ber , fed by hot water , pr odu-ces cold water (7 / 1 2 ° C) for air -c onditioning of s hopping c entr e ar eas . Thr ee hydr aulic c ir cuits ar e con-nected to the abs or ber :

• Hot water c ir cuit: is headed to-war ds the “gener ator ” and cons ti-tutes the “main c ir cuit” of the ab-s or ber . Us es heat r etr ieved fr om cogener ation;

• Cold water c ir cuit: is headed to-war ds the “evapor ator ” and cons ti-tutes the “us eful r es ult” of the pr o-ces s and the inter face with the air -conditioning s ys tem;

• Tower water c ir cuit: is headed to-war ds the “condens er ” and is us ed to tr ans fer heat into the atmos phe-r e towar ds the cooling tower .


C OOLIN G TOW E R (TDR 0 0 1 ) The non r ecover able heating is exc hanged thr ough a cooling to-wer exchanger s of the gener ator s and fr om the a bs or ber , a fter ver tically cr os s es the tower fr om up to down, collecting in the con-cr ete bas in below.Dur ing movement down-wards , the water meets the air which cros s es the tower ver tic a lly, from the bottom going up, drawn by axially-po-s itioned electr ical venti-lators (M ).C ooling ta kes pla c e becaus e of both ther-mal exchange of water and air and becaus e of evapor ation of par t of the s ame water .


P LAN T C IR C U LATION P U M P S

S ys tem water c ir culation, between r ecover y exchan-ger s of the gener ator s , the abs or ber and other hot-wa ter us er devic es ta kes pla c e thr ough a benc h of two motor -dr i-ven pumps (one a s par e for the other ). (fig. 2 )

H OT-W ATE R C IR C U IT

Ther mal r ecover y allows the pr oduction of s anitar y hot water thr ough a plate exchanger (S C0 0 1 ). H ea ted wa ter is c ollec-ted in a 5 , 0 0 0 - litr e boi-ler (S CC0 0 1 ), ther mally ins ulated. (fig. 7 )

C OOL IN G T OW E R C IR C U L A T ION P U M P S – GE N E R ATOR S (GP 3 ÷ 4 )

W a ter c ir c ula tion bet-ween heat exchanger s of the gener ator s and c oo-ling tower , thr ough two benches of two motor -dr i-ven pumps (one a s par e for the other ). (fig. 6 )

C OOLIN G TOW E R C IR C U LATION P U M P S – AB S OR B E R (GP 5 )

The c ir culation of tower water , between abs or ber a nd eva por a tion tower , ta kes pla c e thr ough a bench of four motor -dr i-ven pumps . (fig. 6 )


AIR -C ON DITION IN G H OT-W ATE R C IR C U IT A c ir cuit allows the pr oduction, by a plate ex-c ha nger , of hot wa ter for a ir -c onditioning. (fig. 8 )

DE H U M IDIFY IN G H OT-W ATE R C IR C U IT

W ater heating for heat pump dehumidifying is achieved us ing a plate exchanger . (fig. 9 )


E X H AU S T TR E ATM E N T C IR C U IT The engine exhaus t s ys tem includes : two s ilencer s and a catalys ts connect to a inox s teel chimney till the r oof of the building.

W ATE R TR E ATM E N T S Y S TE M

A water tr eatment s ys tem is for es een in or der to pr event r us t and pipe har mful attack as well s ea-weed phenomena in to the cooling tower . This cons is ts of a s weetening device, an anticor r os ive film dos ing pump (for tubing of the c los ed c ir cuits ), an anti-algae bioacid agent (for tubing of tower c ir cuits ). This s ys tem als o pr ovides for the r eintr oduction of inevitable evapor ation into the tower . (fig. 1 0 ).

S U P E R V IS OR Y S Y S TE M A computer ized s ys tem allows acquis ition and r ecor ding of the main ther mal and electr ical par ame-ter s of the s ys tem (temper atur es , pr es s ur es , power s , etc . )


C ATAN IA s hopping centr e

Ins talled power 1 9 4 0 kW

Futur e power 4 8 6 0 kW

B US IN ES S LIS T

M AIA CAT power gener ator s , en-gineer ing, maintenance

ALM AC IS P lant engineer ing

LA LE GA P lant engineer ing

S TE I Electr ical s ys tems

S IC E S Automation

S IGM A S oftwar e s uper vis ion

Y OR K Abs or ber s

ALFA LAV AL Exchanger s

AB B Electr ic ity panels


ener gy r ecover y, the new fr ontier · an water/ lithium bromide type absorber, fed by hot water,...

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