Endocrine

System &

Reproductive

Systems

CHAPTER 16

Endocrine glands—secrete ________ directly into the

bloodstream

Hormones—________ substances that help regulate

many of your body’s functions

Trigger emotional and physical changes in the body

Hormones work to maintain balances in the body so

that important processes work more efficiently

_______ glands

Produce hormones that regulate metabolism, body

heat, and bone growth

Pituitary—”Master Gland”

___ sections: anterior, intermediate, and posterior

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

________

Releases hormones that stimulate body growth and development

____________

Controls darkening of the pigments in the skin

_________

Regulates the balance of water in the body

Stimulates the smooth muscles in the uterus during pregnancy causing contractions during the birth of a baby

PITUITARY GLAND

Help the body deal with stress and respond to emergencies

Adrenal ______

Secretes a hormone that inhibits the amount of sodium

excreted in urine and maintains blood volume and blood

pressure

Secretes hormones that aid in metabolism of fats, proteins,

and carbohydrates

Influence the body’s response to stress

Adrenal _______

Controlled by the hypothalamus

Secretes ___________ (adrenaline)

Increases heartbeat and respiration, raises blood

pressure, an suppresses the digestive process

ADRENAL GLANDS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

2 main functions:

Produce and store _____ (male reproductive cells)

Transfer them to the female’s body during sexual

intercourse

Between the ages of 12 and 15, the male reproductive

system reaches ________

Hormones produced in the pituitary gland stimulate the

production of ____________ (male sex hormone)

Testosterone initiates physical changes that signal

maturity including broadening of the shoulders,

development of muscles and body hair, and deepening of

the voice

Testosterone also controls the production of sperm

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

______ (testicles) -two small glands that secrete testosterone

and produce sperm

_____

Tube-shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above

the testes

Spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels

Scrotum

External ____ sac

_____

Thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male

reproductive system

Cannot live in temperatures higher than normal body temperatures

_____________: joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell

EXTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Good personal hygiene

Shower/bathe daily and thoroughly

Adequate protection

Wear protective equipment during physical activities

Practicing abstinence

Practicing _______________

Checking monthly for signs of cancer (lumps)

Getting regular checkups

Get checkups every 12 to 18 months

MAINTAINING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

________

Inability to reproduce as a result of too ___ sperm or

sperm of ____ quality

Exposure to x-rays or other radiation, toxic chemicals,

and lead can cause sterility

___’s can also cause sterility

Testicular Cancer

Occurs most often in males between 14 and 40

Prostate problems/cancer

Prostate gland can become ________ as a result of

an infection, a tumor, or age

PROBLEMS

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

Several functions, including producing female sex

________ and storing the ____ (female sex cells)

Ovaries: female sex glands that store the ___ and

produce female sex hormones

Located on each side of the ______

Uterus: hollow, muscular, pear -shaped organ that

nourishes and protects a fertilized ovum until bir th

_________: the process of releasing a mature ovum

into the fallopian tube each month

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

A mature ovum is released from an _____ and moves into one of the two _________ tubes—a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum

Tiny hairlike structures (_____) work to move the ovum with the help of muscular contractions in the fallopian tubes

Sperm enters through the ______—a muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

Fertilization of an egg by a sperm produces a cell called a ______

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Uterus prepares each month for possible _________

If pregnancy doesn’t occur, the thickened lining of

the uterus (endometrium) breaks down into _____,

tissue, and fluids

____________-shedding of the uterine lining

______—opening to the uterus

Most females begin their first cycle between the

ages of 10 and 15

As females mature, it becomes more predictable

_________—end of the reproductive years (ages 45

and 55)

MENSTRUATION

Bathe regularly

Daily

Change feminine products every few hours

Have regular medical exams

________(testing for cancer cells on the

cervix)

_________ (test for breast cancer)

Practice abstinence

Unplanned pregnancy

MAINTAINING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Menstrual cramps

___—premenstrual syndrome

Toxic _____ syndrome

Bacterial infection that affects the immune system and the liver

Endometriosis

Uterine tissue grows in the _______, fallopian tubes, or the lining of the pelvic activity

Ovarian _____

Fluid-filed sacs on the ovary

Cervical, uterine, ovarian cancers

HPV and STDs increase the risk of cervical cancer

PROBLEMS