end of course biology - solpass

VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING

Spring 2005 Released Test

END OF COURSEBIOLOGY

CORE 1

Property of the Virginia Department of Education� 2006 by the Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Education, P.O. Box 2120, Richmond, Virginia 23218-2120.All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage retrieval system,without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators mayreproduce any portion of these released tests for noncommercial educational purposes without requesting permission.All others should direct their written requests to the Virginia Department of Education, Division of Assessment andReporting at the above address or by e-mail to [email protected].

SESSION: 31 PAGE: 1 3/20/06 12:26 LOGIN IS-joer PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg06/JOB_06-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1

DIRECTIONSRead each question carefully and choose the bestanswer. Then mark the space on the answersheet for the answer you have chosen.

SAMPLE

The following pictures show somestages during asexual reproduction ofa hydra. Which picture shows the firststep?

2046072

1

What is the total magnification used toview these onion cells through thismicroscope setup?

A 10�

B 40�

C 50�

D 400� �

2046843

2 External sources, such as radiation orchemicals, can cause mutations ingenes or entire chromosomes. For amutation to pass on to offspring, itmust occur in a —

F brain cellG muscle cellH sex cell �

J bone cell

A C

B D �

40x

10x

Onion cells

SESSION: 30 PAGE: 2 1/13/06 6:36 LOGIN IS-garyo PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg06/JOB_06-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1

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Biology

22006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education

2185224

3 Scientists believe that a dinosaurknown as a hadrosaurus was a planteater. Which of the following pieces ofevidence supports this conclusion?

A Hadrosaurus fossils are found withfossils of other dinosaurs that wereherbivores.

B Fossilized plant remains are found withthe fossils of the hadrosaurus.

C The fossilized teeth of the hadrosaurusare flat like the teeth of modernherbivores. �

D The regions where hadrosaurus fossilsare found were heavily forested.

2046087

4 A biology class in Virginia conducted asurvey of the plant species found ontheir school grounds. They foundseveral plants that they didn’trecognize. What resources would bemost helpful to the class in identifyingthe plants and determining if theywere introduced as exotic species?

F Biology textbooks and the encyclopediaG Virginia native plant checklists and

plant identification keys �

H Fossil records and historical societypublications

J Virginia newspapers and sciencejournals

2046360

5 Which of these is responsible for the“rough” appearance of endoplasmicreticulum?

A DNAB EnzymesC LysosomesD Ribosomes �

2046778

6

In snapdragons, the combinedexpression of both alleles for flowercolor produces a new phenotype that ispink. This illustrates incompletedominance. The Punnett square aboveshows that both the white and redsnapdragons are homozygous. Which ofthe following would be the correctproduct from a cross between twoheterozygous pink snapdragons?

F 2 red, 1 pink, 1 whiteG 1 red, 2 pink, 1 white �

H 1 red, 1 pink, 2 whiteJ 2 red, 2 white

rw rw

rw rw

w

All pink flowers

Red

White

w

r r

( r r )

(ww )

r

?

Pink

Pink

w

r w

( rw )

( rw )

F1 F2


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2185171

7 Bluegill Population in Farm Pond1990–2002

Nu

mb

er o

f b

lueg

ills

Year1990 1995 2000

100

200

According to the data in the graph,during which time period did theoverall bluegill population decline?

A 1990–1993B 1993–1996C 1996–1999 �

D 1999–2002

3061098

8 A biology class of 24 students decidesto measure the height of each studentand then calculate the average heightfor the class. Which of these is apossible source of error in thisactivity?

F The accuracy of making and recordingmeasurements �

G The total number of students in theclass

H The number of males and females in theclass

J The difference in the ages of thestudents in the class

2046311

9 The energy in the food produced byautotrophs or taken into the bodies ofheterotrophs must be changed into aform that cells can use. Theenergy-transferring molecule used bycells is —

A DNAB RNAC ATP �

D CO2

2046672

10

Which of the following phases is thefirst step in mitosis?

F AnaphaseG MetaphaseH Prophase �

J Telophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Interphase

Prophase

Pole

Aster

Spindlefibers

Spindlefibers

Equator

Centriole

Chromatids

Kinetochore

Nucleus


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2046958

11 Escherichia coli is the scientific nameof a bacterium. What category ofclassification is Escherichia?

A OrderB Genus �

C PhylumD Species

2185166

12 Transition forest – overlap zonesbetween needleleaf forests anddeciduous forests

Appalachian Cove forest – climaxforests known for high humidityand lush foliage

Northern Needleleaf forest –spruce-fir forests found on thehighest, coolest peaks

Oak-Hickory forest – classicdeciduous forests with abundantfood and shelter

Shenandoah National Park is home tomany different types of ecosystems.According to the characteristics shownabove, which ecosystem would mostlikely be home to a mixture of wildlifespecies from northern, cooler rangesand southern, warmer ranges?

F Transition forest �

G Appalachian Cove forestH Northern Needleleaf forestJ Oak-Hickory forest

2046741

13 Tissue samples taken from the heartand stomach of a grasshopper wouldbe expected to have the same —

A cell shapeB cell sizeC metabolic ratesD DNA �

204722914

Rabbits have developed behavioral andphysiological strategies to sustainthem through periods ofenvironmental stress. Which of thenumbered life processes above couldbe sacrificed without affecting anindividual rabbit’s survival in periodsof extremely poor environmentalconditions?

F 1G 2H 3J 4 �

Reproduction

NervousSystem

Respiration

Excretion

Digestion

Circulation

Energy Taken inWith Food

Growth

1

3

2

4


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2046048

15 A company that produces Brand X fleashampoo claims to have the mosteffective shampoo for killing fleas.Which of these sets of data supportsthe Brand X claim?

2185199

16 A student hypothesizes that thick legmuscles are an inherited trait in dogs.The student collects data on severaldogs, and the data show that dogs thatlive outdoors have thicker leg musclesthan dogs that live indoors. Whatshould the student conclude?

F Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles maynot survive indoors.

G Dogs with thick leg muscles may requiremore exercise than dogs with thin legmuscles.

H Inheritance alone may not account forthick leg muscles in dogs. �

J Inheritance of thick leg muscles may beassociated with coat thickness in dogs.

2046114

17 Over many generations, unrelated ordistantly related species may come toresemble each other due to —

A similar environmental factors �

B similar genetic mutationsC homologous structural adaptationsD competition with each other

Numberof Dogs

With Fleas25 4 25 1 25 10

AfterBeforeAfterBeforeAfterBefore

Brand X Brand Y Brand Z

Numberof Dogs

With Fleas25 2 25 12 25 5



Numberof Dogs

With Fleas25 10 25 4 25 12



Numberof Dogs

With Fleas25 5 25 1 25 4



A

B

C

D

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2185186

18 Each drawing represents differentstages in community succession withinthe state of Virginia. Which of thefollowing drawings represents theclimax community in this successionpattern?

2046246

19 Both lipids and carbohydrates areimportant in animal cells becauseboth —

A store energy �

B contain nitrogenC form cell wallsD provide insulation

2046200

20 Ice floats on a lake. This characteristicof water is responsible for —

F suffocation of aquatic organismsG mixing a lake’s thermal layersH altering migration patterns of fishJ preventing a lake from freezing solid �

2185188

21 Algae and multicellular plants areautotrophs because they —

A decompose dead organismsB absorb nutrients from soilC break down starches to glucoseD capture sunlight to produce sugars �

2046465

22 Some unicellular organisms are motile(have the ability to move) and someare nonmotile. Which cellularstructures are associated withmovement?

F RibosomesG Flagella �

H ChloroplastsJ Vacuoles

Grasses, ferns, and shrubs

Soil layer

Rock

Hickoriesand oaks

Soil

Rock

Lichens Mosses Shallow soil pockets

Rock

Pines and birchesPines and birches

Soil

Rock

F

G

H

J

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2046105

23 Francesco Redi performed anexperiment in 1668. In the experiment,he placed rotting meat in two jars. Thefirst jar was left open. After a few days,fly larvae were found on the decayingmeat inside. The mouth of the secondjar was covered with gauze. After a fewdays, the decaying meat inside wasfree of fly larvae, but larvae werefound on the gauze. This experimentsupports the hypothesis that —

A adult flies are not attracted to decayingmeat

B fly larvae prefer fresh meatC fly larvae only come from adult flies �

D decaying meat produces fly larvae

2046991

24 Structures Present in Vertebrate Embryos

Stage ofDevelopment

Structure Frog Fish Pig Bird Turtle Human

early tail ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

early gill slits ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

early notochord ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

late externalears

✔ ✔

late limbs ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

According to the table, as vertebrateembryos develop —

F amphibians and humans develop thesame structures

G only mammals develop both limbs andexternal ears �

H reptiles and amphibians grow externalears

J limbs and external ears grow onmammals and birds

2047121

25

Which type of Drosophila probablychanged the least over time?

A Drosophila melanogaster �

B Drosophila willistoniC Drosophila equinoxialis equinoxialisD Drosophila equinoxialis caribbensis

2046387

26 What repackages proteins into formsthe cell can use, expel, or keep stored?

F LysosomesG MitochondriaH Golgi bodies �

J Centrioles

2046613

27 Bones do all of the followingEXCEPT —

A make nerve cells �

B make blood cellsC protect organsD store calcium

Drosophilaequinoxialis

Drosophilamelanogaster




Drosophilawillistoni

Drosophilaequinoxialisequinoxialis

Drosophilaequinoxialiscaribbensis

Evolutionary Pathway


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2046335

28 Which of these is the best model of aprokaryotic cell?

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29 The organisms in a typical backyardare likely to include bacteria, grass,shrubs, trees, insects, spiders, birds,and small mammals. Together, all theseorganisms make up —

A a kingdomB a community �

C a populationD an experimental group

2185235

30 Change in species is described as aprocess that usually occurs over longperiods of time. Yet, even thoughantibiotics have only been widelyused for fifty years, scientistsrecognize that overuse of antibioticshas led to antibiotic-resistant strainsof bacteria. The reason this can occurin a relatively short span of time isthat —

F bacteria are very smallG bacteria reproduce rapidly �

H there are many different types ofbacteria

J travelers carry bacteria around theworld

F

G

H

J

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2047117

31 Flower Characteristics

Characteristics

Insect-Pollinated

Plants

Wind- orWater-

PollinatedPlants

Appearanceoften

colorfulplain

Reproductive partssometimes

hiddenexposed

The differences in the abovecharacteristics of flower species mostlikely resulted from —

A parasitism, which did not harm the hostspecies

B mutualism between different plantspecies

C adaptations in response to differentselection pressures �

D defensive mutations allowingconcealment of species

2047028

32 A biologist has just discovered a newlife form. The newly describedorganism is multicellular, does notcarry on photosynthesis, and absorbsnutrients from the environment. It iscomposed of eukaryotic cells with cellwalls. In which kingdom would theorganism be classified?

F PlantG AnimalH BacteriaJ Fungi �

2047296

33 Wetlands are very specializedecosystems. Of the following causes ofwetland loss, which do people have theleast control over?

A Droughts �

B Draining and fillingC Discharge of pollutantsD Overgrazing

2046566

34 Biochemical substances in the humanbody are maintained at about a neutralpH except for the —

F bloodG stomach fluids �

H internal material of living cellsJ lymph

3142168

35 DNA Base Sequence Comparison

Human AGG CAT AAA CCA ACC GAT TAA

Chimpanzee AGG CCC CTT CCA ACC GAT TAA

Gorilla AGG CCC CTT CCA ACC AGG CCA

This chart compares the base sequencesof homologous segments of DNAfrom three primates. Based on thisinformation, how many differences inthe resulting amino acid sequenceswould you expect to find betweenhumans and chimpanzees?

A 2 �

B 3C 4D 6


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2046550

36 When there is a lower concentration ofwater outside of a plant cell ratherthan inside a plant cell, the plant willtend to —

F grow toward the sunG lose water and wilt �

H gain water and become rigidJ increase its rate of photosynthesis

2047170

37

This graph suggests that from 1840 to1920, the carrying capacity for sheep inTasmania was approximately —

A 0.75 millionB 1.00 millionC 1.75 million �

D 2.25 million

2046884

38 Amino acids link together by peptidebonds to form proteins. In whichcellular organelle would this processoccur?

F MitochondrionG Ribosome �

H LysosomeJ Golgi body

2045965

39 Harvester ants often strip a bush of allof its leaves. Some people believe thishelps the plant grow thicker, healthierstems. In an experiment, a studentstripped off all the leaves from a set ofplants. In a second set of identicalplants, the student allowed ants tostrip off the plants’ leaves. In order toimprove this experimental design, it ismost important to add a set of plants —

A exposed to a different ant speciesB of a different speciesC with its leaves left intact �

D that are dormant

2046260

40 Most cellular activities are processesregulated by the action of —

F carbohydratesG enzymes �

H lipidsJ polysaccharides

2

1

01820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920

Year

Mill

ion

s o

f S

hee

p

Tasmanian Sheep Population


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41

Organism

Direction of Movement

TowardLight

AwayfromLight

Neither

Euglena X

Paramecium X

Fungus X

Coleus plant X

Earthworm X

These data were collected by observingresponses of different organisms tolight. Which conclusion is supported bythese data?

A Organisms that use photosynthesis areattracted to light. �

B Protists are not attracted to light.C Animals are attracted to light.D Decomposers are attracted to light.

2185298

42 In 1869, DNA was discovered withinthe nuclei of cells. By the 1940s,scientists knew that chromosomeswere made of both DNA and proteinbut did not know which was thegenetic material of cells. In the 1950s,scientists demonstrated that DNA isthe material responsible for heredity.In 1953, using information collected byother scientists, an American biologistand an English physicist built athree-dimensional model of DNA.These discoveries best illustrate theimportance of —

F independent researchG replication of resultsH collaborative efforts among scientists �

J recent improvements in the scientificmethod

2046401

43 Which of these is most responsible forcarrying coded information from thenucleus?

A The cell membraneB The ribosomesC mRNA �

D ATP

2045910

44

The above information was collected inthe field while studying the effect ofpH on the growth of the duckweedplant. The data shows that duckweedhas optimum growth at a pH of —

F 4G 6H 8 �

J 12

Field Data

A

pH of PondWater

PondNumber ofDuckweed

Plants

6 150

B 12 300

C 8 500

D 4 80


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45

Which of the following is the bestevidence that this bird is nocturnal?

A The shape of its beakB The size of its eyes �

C The thickness of its feathersD The length of its talons

2185136

46

This key can be used to distinguishfour species of frogs found in pondsin eastern Virginia. To which speciesdoes the frog shown belong?

F Rana sphenocephala �

G Rana clamitansH Rana catesbeianaJ Rana virgatipes

Key to Frogs

Two prominentridges along back

No ridgeson back

Dark spotsbetween ridges

Mottledcolor

Mottledback

Southern leopard frog(Rana sphenocephala)

Green frog(Rana clamitans)

Four stripes

Bullfrog(Rana catesbeiana)

Carpenter frog(Rana virgatipes)


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2045919

47 Which question cannot be answeredscientifically because the quantitycannot actually be measured?

A How fast can a tiger swallowtailbutterfly fly?

B How heavy is a mature femaleelephant?

C How happy is a chimpanzee when itfinds its favorite food? �

D How much food does a water buffaloconsume in one day?

2046120

48 The chances of developing cancer,diabetes, or sickle-cell anemia arehigher if a family member also has thedisorder because they are —

F highly infectiousG passed through blood contactH genetically based �

J related to diet

2046448

49 Unlike plants, fungi cannot make theirown food because they do not have —

A rootsB hyphaeC sporesD chlorophyll �

2046028

50

Four disinfectants were tested in twotrials, each for their effectiveness incontrolling bacterial growth. The tableshows the bacterial growth in eachtrial after four days. Which of thefollowing conclusions is best supportedby the results of this study?

F Disinfectants kill most bacteria oncontact.

G Strong concentrations of disinfectantscan be harmful.

H Some disinfectants are more effectivethan others. �

J Disinfectants cannot be used to controlbacterial infections.

Comparison of Disinfectants

Bacterial Colony Size(mm)Disinfectant

Trial 1 Trial 2

None 6.0

1

2

3

4

5.5

3.0 2.0

2.5 1.5

4.0 4.0

1.5 1.5


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Answer KeyTest

SequenceCorrectAnswer

ReportingCategory Reporting Category Description

1 D 001 Scientific Investigation

2 H 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

3 C 004 Interaction of Life Forms

4 G 001 Scientific Investigation

5 D 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

6 G 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

7 C 001 Scientific Investigation

8 F 001 Scientific Investigation

9 C 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level


11 B 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

12 F 004 Interaction of Life Forms

13 D 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

14 J 004 Interaction of Life Forms

15 B 001 Scientific Investigation

16 H 001 Scientific Investigation

17 A 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

18 G 004 Interaction of Life Forms

19 A 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

20 J 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

21 D 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level




25 A 004 Interaction of Life Forms



28 F 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

29 B 004 Interaction of Life Forms

30 G 004 Interaction of Life Forms


32 J 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

33 A 004 Interaction of Life Forms


35 A 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level



38 G 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level


40 G 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level





45 B 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level

46 F 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level


48 H 004 Interaction of Life Forms

49 D 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level



end of course biology - solpass

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