Empowering the Seafarer- Manpower Solution of the

Shipping Industry

Inderveer Solanki

MET 2007

OBJECTIVES

• Solution to the manpower shortage of shipping industry

• Development of Seafarer Empowerment Model (SEM)

• Implementation of the SEM

• Effectiveness of SEM

INFORMAL INTERVIEWS

RESEARCH STUDY

TOPIC

MODEL QUESTIONERQUESTIONER

DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL AND QUESTIONER

PRESENT SCENARIO

MOTIVATION THEORY

EMPOWERMENT THEORY

CAREER CHOICE THEORY

ANALYSIS

SEAFARER EMPOWERMEN

T MODEL

DISCUSSION

BENEFITS

CONCLUSION

Data

ResearchIndustryData

DieselSteam T.Gas TurbineElectric- drive

Master

single or twin

FixedCPPKort- nozzleWater Jet

IndianChinesePhilippinesRussianThaiGhanaJapaneseBritish

Weather

DepthSquatinteraction

DistanceSpeed, ETA, Fuel

Tide & currents

Charter PartySub charterB/L

Flag, PSCUSCG,Vetting,Class, ISM, ISPS

TugsMooring

IBSAISGPSARPAGYROAuto-Pilot

RegulationsNationalIMO, ILOWHO, UNCoastal, Port

Environm

entPollution

Area & timeLoadline Ice and Weather

OperationMaintenanceEmergencyTrainingdocumentation

CargoLoadingUnloadingLashing & careClaims

StowawayPiratesTerrorists

Security

Source: Author

Present Requirement

Source: http://www.he-alert.org/

Sea Career Recommendation by Seafarer

397 Respondents

66% Indian Sub Continent

21% (South East Asia)

9% (OECD)

4% Others

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

ActiveSeafarer

SeafrerAshore

Combined

Son

Brother

Daughter

Sister

Above average student

Source: Author

Present Scenario – Research - Society

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

5

1980 1995 2007 20100

2

4

6

8

10

12

India

East Asia

Real GDP Growth Rate (in %)

P rojections*

Source: Author Source: Mishra, 2006

Society’s view : sea career GDP Growth of India and East Asia

Present Scenario – Job satisfaction

Source: Author

Fig.2-11: Job satisfaction Combined (Likert Scale)

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

>2 years < 2Years

> 5years Now

Ex Seafarersworking ashoreActive seafarers

Present Scenario – Motivation Theories

Source: Adapted by author from http://www.ruralhealth.utas.edu.au

Sea Career

Missing

Missing

Missing

Some extent

Some extent

The Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs illustrates the five level of needs from most basic physiological needs at the lower level to self actualisation needs at higher level

Source: Author

Maritime Education & Training Institutes

Operation level

Management Level

Captain / Chief Engr.

18Yrs+(Age)

>21Yrs +(Age)

>24Yrs + (Age)

High school

Marriage

B a c h e l o r

>28Yrs + (Age)

Children

Basic human needs are satisfied but motivating factors diminish over time

Increased

Family Needs

34 Yrs +Age

Specialised courses

Post Sea Training

Pre sea Training

Lack of Self development motivating factors

Present Scenario – Analysis

•Shortage of trained manpower in the shipping industry

•Seafarer, main ambassador of the shipping industry is not satisfied

•Seafaring is not a life long career

•Seafaring lacks motivation factors

•There is lack of awareness and lack of attraction about the career

Present Scenario – Lead ahead

•Transition ashore is required to make it a lifelong career

•Transition ashore makes the sea career more attractive and also resolves shortage of manpower in the maritime cluster

•To spread positive awareness about the career is must to attract the talented youth

•Higher education is required for transition ashore as well as for job performance on board (over 90% respondents feel the need)

Objectives of

Seafarer Empowerment Model (SEM)

• Preparing for transition ashore

•Spread awareness in society

•Improve image of the sea career in society

Seafarer Empowerment Model (SEM)

Source: Author

Seafarer Empowerment Process

Assess Educate Associate Output

CareerEducationIsolationImage

IntegratedHybridEducation

Self efficacy

confidence,Permeation

ChangeImpact

Mapping ofcapabilities with Jobs

Lifelong careerIntegrationChangedImage

Coordinate

PoliticianBureaucratLawyerManager

Source: Author

Seafarer Empowerment Process

IsolationInadequate Skills

Education & Employment

Integration & Impact

Source: Author

Main Concepts of SEM

•Integration

─ Physical, Discipline, Jobs, Society

•Hybrid Learning

─ Face to face and distance learning

•Learn while you Earn

─ Distance learning at sea

SEM- Integrated Learning Environment

Maritime Education and

Training

Social Sciences

Information Technology &communication

Management&

Admin.

Law Engineering

Environment Economics

REGULATORS

OP

PE

RA

TO

RS

PO

LIC

Y M

AK

ER

S

MANAGERS

Governments

Maritim

e Clu

ster

Non

Maritim

e Facilitators

Society

Psychology

Integrated Learning Environment

Source: Author

Implementation of SEM

Feasibility study

EffectivenessDemandInfrastructureFaculty

Implementation

METI + Coursesor

METI + Univ.or

MU + Univ.or

Integrated University

Program

FlexibleModular

CreditRPL

Delivery

HybridClass

&DLP

Certification

Recognition

Mobility

Career

Source: Author

Perceived Benefits of SEM

Source: Author

Perceived Benefits of SEM

Fig. A-16: Change in Seafaring career after Empowerment

0

50

100Academic

Promotion

Retention

Social

before

after SEM

Source: Author

Perceived Benefits of SEM

Fig. A-14: Expected sailing time of ship's officers afterempowerment

0102030405060708090

1-2 yrs. 2-5 yrs. over 5 yrs.

Present

After SEM

Source: Author

Conclusions & Recommendations

•Shortage is real

•SEM provides the necessary transition

•SEM provides lifelong career needs

•METI and maritime universities has critical role in empowering seafarer

•IAMU and WMU has the experience to support and facilitate SEM

•SEM can also be used for empowering ratings

•The career choice theories should be used for marketing seafaring