seafarer sleepiness and fatigue
TRANSCRIPT
Click to edit Master title style
Seafarer Sleepiness and Fatigue What have we learned? What should we do? Professor Claire Pekcan Emeritus Professor Mike Barnett
Project”MARTHA”:ResearchDesign
2
Datacollectedfromeachvessel:110volunteercrewmembers
• Backgroundques<onnaireforeachvolunteer• Weeklydiaries(includingKSSandMFI*)foreachvolunteer
• Ac<watchdatafortwoweeksatbeginningandendoftourforselectedvolunteers.
• Voyagereportsofvesseltocoverperiodofstudy• Officialhoursofwork/restforeachindividualvolunteer
*KSS=KarolinskaSleepinessScaleMFI=Mul<dimensionalFa<gueInventory
Click to edit Master title style
! Healthy individuals ! Rapid onset
! Short duration
! Single cause ! Short-term effect on daily
activities
Distinguishing Sleepiness from Fatigue
4
Short-term Sleepiness
! May cause health disorders (physical and mental)
! Insidious onset ! Persists over time ! Multi-factor causes ! Significantly affects
behaviour and wellbeing
Longer-term Fatigue
vs
Click to edit Master title style
What have we learned?
Some results from the analysis of Weekly Diaries and Actigraphy*
*WithacknowledgementstoDrAnnePHillstromandGemmaHansonof
UniversityofSouthampton,CentreforVisionandCogni<on
Fa<gue:isithigherorlowerattheendofavoyage?
Acloserlookatthe3ranks(Thirdofficer,Captain,AB)forwhichthereisthehighestnumber(i.e.:n>10)
6
Captain ThirdOfficer AB
Is Stress higher or lower at the end of a voyage?
7
Highlevelsofsleepinessatall<mes
8
Several other weekly diary items potentially increase with time at sea (including reduced motivation)
Example of Actiwatch data: A Bosun on Day work
Actigraph example of a Master – disturbed sleep?
Actigraphy: Example of a Master – disturbed sleep?
AverageSleepbyRank
Sleepovercourseofstudy
• Errorbarsrepresents1sem
• Significantwhenanchoredatstartofcontract
Theeffectofvoyage<meonwakebouts
What should we do? Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS)?
© March 2012 - European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) https://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/article/content/documents/nm/safety/safety-fatigueriskbrochureweb.pdf
Two Ways to Mitigate the Fatigue Risk:
“Hours of rest” – STCW and MLC Prescriptive Negotiated Contract Compliance culture: minimum standards Reactive Control Inspection and audit
FRMS within the IMO revised guidelines on fatigue Non-mandatory Goal-based approach Scientific basis: data driven “Best practice”: aspiring to excellence Custom-built to own company
Click to edit Master title style
Three Core Elements of Fatigue Risk Management
1 Fatigue Awareness training and cultural change programmes; 2 Fatigue reporting system within a just culture; 3 ”Data-driven” predictive analysis for fatigue risk assessment, workload management and monitoring adequate sleep*
• *Tools may include subjective reporting, actigraphy, and fatigue prediction models
Click to edit Master title style
Fa#gue Predic#on models
• Bio-mathema<calmodelling-nottobeconfusedwithfa<guemanagementso_warewhichshowscompliancewithhoursofrestregula<ons.
• Predictsfa<guelevelorriskoffallingasleepfordifferentworkhourpa`erns.
• Somealsoshowdecrementinperformanceagainstfa<gue
• ModelsincludeSAFTE/FAST(USA),FAID(AUS)andMARTHA(Sweden)
• ProjectHORIZONaddednovelinforma<ononoff-watchsleeppa`ernsandvalidatedtheMARTHAmodelforuseinshippingopera<ons
3 63 02 41 81 26-5
0
5
10
15
Time of day
Ale
rtnes
s lev
el
SS'
C
6 12
S+C
-sleep-
12 18 24 6
risk
www.warsashacademy.co.uk
A Vision for the Future…?
NOV13 Source: http://www.futurenautics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Cyb_feat2.png
Or crew “condition monitoring”? Measure physical health and mental wellbeing variables at a distance? Big data and predictive analytics? Ethics: “Big brother” or self-ownership?
Unmanned vessels? The Cyborg Crew?