emerging technology optical imaging leak detection epa’s natural gas star program, pioneer natural...

Emerging TechnologyEmerging TechnologyOptical Imaging Leak DetectionOptical Imaging Leak Detection

EPA’s Natural Gas STAR Program,EPA’s Natural Gas STAR Program,

Pioneer Natural Resources USA, Inc., andPioneer Natural Resources USA, Inc., and

The Gas Processors AssociationThe Gas Processors Association

June 17, 2003June 17, 2003

Reducing Emissions, Increasing Efficiency, Maximizing Profits

Optical Imaging TechnologyOptical Imaging Technology

Optical Imaging Technology for DI&MOptical Imaging Technology for DI&M IR BAGI CameraIR BAGI Camera IMSS IR CameraIMSS IR Camera Motion pictures of BAGI leak detectionsMotion pictures of BAGI leak detections


Optical Imaging Technology for DI&MOptical Imaging Technology for DI&M

Class of technologies that use principles of Class of technologies that use principles of infrared light and optics to create an image infrared light and optics to create an image of chemical emission plumesof chemical emission plumes

Offer more cost-effective use of resources Offer more cost-effective use of resources (labor, equipment etc.)(labor, equipment etc.) Screen hundreds of components an hourScreen hundreds of components an hour Quicker identification & repair of leaksQuicker identification & repair of leaks


Technologies for Methane DetectionTechnologies for Methane Detection

Two technologies currently in developmentTwo technologies currently in development Backscatter Absorption Backscatter Absorption Gas ImagingGas Imaging ((BAGI)BAGI)

Viewing area illuminated with IR laser lightViewing area illuminated with IR laser light IR camera images reflected laser lightIR camera images reflected laser light Gas cloud absorbs the IR light (negative image)Gas cloud absorbs the IR light (negative image)

Image Multi-Spectral Sensing (IMSS)Image Multi-Spectral Sensing (IMSS) IR camera acquires image in full light spectrumIR camera acquires image in full light spectrum Optics separate and recombine selected spectrum Optics separate and recombine selected spectrum

emitted by chosen chemicals to create an imageemitted by chosen chemicals to create an image Computer processes into a false-color image of Computer processes into a false-color image of

emission plume superimposed on visible imageemission plume superimposed on visible image


IR BAGI CameraIR BAGI Camera

Developed by Sandia Developed by Sandia National LaboratoryNational Laboratory

Real-time Real-time instantaneous instantaneous detectiondetection

No quantification of No quantification of detected leaks yetdetected leaks yet

Does not differentiate Does not differentiate chemical specieschemical species Tuned to optimum Tuned to optimum

wavelength wavelength absorbed by absorbed by chemical specieschemical species

Shoulder-mounted camera

Backpack power/control


Backscatter Absorption Backscatter Absorption Gas ImagingGas Imaging ((BAGI) ProcessBAGI) Process

Incident IR laser light Incident IR laser light reflects off background & reflects off background & returns to camerareturns to camera

IR camera creates black & IR camera creates black & white image of equipmentwhite image of equipment

Chemical plume absorbs Chemical plume absorbs IR light creating a IR light creating a negative imagenegative image

Leak plume appears as a Leak plume appears as a black, smoky image in black, smoky image in BAGI cameraBAGI camera Source: As Adapted from McRae, Tom, GasVue: A Rapid Leak

Location Technology for Large VOC Fugitive Emissions. (Presentation at the CSI Petroleum Refining Sector Equipment Leaks Group, Washington, DC, Sept. 9, 1997).

Note: Although this Exhibit shows the gas in contact with the background material, it is not a requirement that the gas be in contact with the background. The gas plume need only be between the background and the infrared camera.

Incident infraredlaser light

Incident infraredlaser light absorbed by chemical plume

Gas Plume

Backscatteredlaser light

Backscatteredlaser light

Incident infrared laser light


IR BAGI Camera, cont.IR BAGI Camera, cont.

PortablePortable Camera ~20 poundsCamera ~20 pounds Shoulder- or tripod-Shoulder- or tripod-

mounted operationmounted operation Size of a shoulder-Size of a shoulder-

mounted TV cameramounted TV camera DC or AC PowerDC or AC Power

Rechargeable battery Rechargeable battery back-pack ~12 poundsback-pack ~12 pounds

Camera viewer and tape Camera viewer and tape recording toggle between recording toggle between IR and visible lightIR and visible light


BAGI DemonstrationsBAGI Demonstrations

Joint Government – Industry Test Initiative, Joint Government – Industry Test Initiative, 1999 - present1999 - present Laboratory TestingLaboratory Testing Chemical PlantsChemical Plants RefineriesRefineries

EPA, DOE, Texas Environmental Agencies, EPA, DOE, Texas Environmental Agencies, API and petroleum companiesAPI and petroleum companies


Hydrocarbon plume

Flange

Visible light view of leaking flange Infrared view of leaking flange

Leaking flange

Leak Detected w/BAGI CameraLeak Detected w/BAGI Camera


IMSS IR CameraIMSS IR Camera

Developed by Pacific Developed by Pacific Advanced Technology Advanced Technology (PAT)(PAT)

Based on principle of Based on principle of diffractive opticsdiffractive optics

Consists of:Consists of: IR CameraIR Camera Patented IMSS LensPatented IMSS Lens Internal PC with Internal PC with

algorithms to algorithms to process imagesprocess images PAT Sherlock Camera – Pre-production Model


IMSS IR Camera, cont.IMSS IR Camera, cont.

Does not quantify leaks Does not quantify leaks yetyet

Can differentiate Can differentiate chemical specieschemical species

Battery operatedBattery operated PortablePortable

12 lbs (including 12 lbs (including battery)battery)

12” x 6” x 8”12” x 6” x 8”

IMSS on Radiance 1 Infrared Camera in Oil Refinery (Precursor to PAT Sherlock Camera)


IMSS IR Camera, cont.IMSS IR Camera, cont.

Camera acquires image Camera acquires image of component of interestof component of interest No background No background

requiredrequired Image processed in PCImage processed in PC Results presentedResults presented

Leak shown in false-Leak shown in false-color overlaycolor overlay

Sherlock Camera with Sherlock Camera with real-time image real-time image processing currently processing currently being tested being tested

Methane Gas Leaking from Simulated Roof Vent. Detected with IMSS and Radiance 1 Infrared

Camera


IMSS IR DemonstrationsIMSS IR Demonstrations

Demonstrations at:Demonstrations at: Off shore oil platformOff shore oil platform RefineryRefinery Oil & gas processing plantsOil & gas processing plants Airborne platformAirborne platform

Laboratory performance testingLaboratory performance testing


Contact InformationContact Information

BAGI IR CameraBAGI IR Camera Sandia National Sandia National

LaboratoriesLaboratories Tom Kulp Tom Kulp

([email protected])([email protected])

OpticsOptics Laser Imaging SystemsLaser Imaging Systems

Tom McRaeTom McRae([email protected])([email protected])

IMSS IR CameraIMSS IR Camera Pacific Advanced Pacific Advanced

Technology Technology Bob HinnrichsBob Hinnrichs ([email protected])([email protected])


Contributions by ManyContributions by Many

API Member Company RepresentativesAPI Member Company Representatives Technical review and project planningTechnical review and project planning

API StaffAPI Staff Funding of studies, coordination of regulatory activitiesFunding of studies, coordination of regulatory activities

Department of Energy-Office of Fossil FuelsDepartment of Energy-Office of Fossil Fuels Funding fiber laser development at Sandia LabsFunding fiber laser development at Sandia Labs

Department of Energy-Office of Industrial TechnologyDepartment of Energy-Office of Industrial Technology Funding fiber laser development at Sandia LabsFunding fiber laser development at Sandia Labs

EPA-National Enforcement and Investigation CenterEPA-National Enforcement and Investigation Center Looking for reliable alternative to Method 21Looking for reliable alternative to Method 21

EPA-Office of Air Quality Planning and StandardsEPA-Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Responsible for preparing regulatory change documentationResponsible for preparing regulatory change documentation


Contributions by ManyContributions by Many National Advisory Committee on Environmental Policy and National Advisory Committee on Environmental Policy and

TechnologyTechnology EPA advisory group that funded early analysesEPA advisory group that funded early analyses

Laser Imaging Systems, Inc.Laser Imaging Systems, Inc. Holds patent on scanner used in fiber laserHolds patent on scanner used in fiber laser

Sandia National LaboratorySandia National Laboratory Development of fiber laser, has several patent applications, leading Development of fiber laser, has several patent applications, leading

discussions with vendors for commercializationdiscussions with vendors for commercialization ICF ConsultingICF Consulting

Protocols, data analysis, reporting, QA/QC, funded by EPA and APIProtocols, data analysis, reporting, QA/QC, funded by EPA and API URS RadianURS Radian

Performed bagging emissions quantification during field testsPerformed bagging emissions quantification during field tests Texas Council on Environmental TechnologiesTexas Council on Environmental Technologies

Funding additional testing of alternative imaging technologiesFunding additional testing of alternative imaging technologies

emerging technology optical imaging leak detection epa’s natural gas star program, pioneer natural...

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