Emerging TechnologyEmerging TechnologyOptical Imaging Leak DetectionOptical Imaging Leak Detection
EPA’s Natural Gas STAR Program,EPA’s Natural Gas STAR Program,
Pioneer Natural Resources USA, Inc., andPioneer Natural Resources USA, Inc., and
The Gas Processors AssociationThe Gas Processors Association
June 17, 2003June 17, 2003
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Optical Imaging TechnologyOptical Imaging Technology
Optical Imaging Technology for DI&MOptical Imaging Technology for DI&M IR BAGI CameraIR BAGI Camera IMSS IR CameraIMSS IR Camera Motion pictures of BAGI leak detectionsMotion pictures of BAGI leak detections
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Optical Imaging Technology for DI&MOptical Imaging Technology for DI&M
Class of technologies that use principles of Class of technologies that use principles of infrared light and optics to create an image infrared light and optics to create an image of chemical emission plumesof chemical emission plumes
Offer more cost-effective use of resources Offer more cost-effective use of resources (labor, equipment etc.)(labor, equipment etc.) Screen hundreds of components an hourScreen hundreds of components an hour Quicker identification & repair of leaksQuicker identification & repair of leaks
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Technologies for Methane DetectionTechnologies for Methane Detection
Two technologies currently in developmentTwo technologies currently in development Backscatter Absorption Backscatter Absorption Gas ImagingGas Imaging ((BAGI)BAGI)
Viewing area illuminated with IR laser lightViewing area illuminated with IR laser light IR camera images reflected laser lightIR camera images reflected laser light Gas cloud absorbs the IR light (negative image)Gas cloud absorbs the IR light (negative image)
Image Multi-Spectral Sensing (IMSS)Image Multi-Spectral Sensing (IMSS) IR camera acquires image in full light spectrumIR camera acquires image in full light spectrum Optics separate and recombine selected spectrum Optics separate and recombine selected spectrum
emitted by chosen chemicals to create an imageemitted by chosen chemicals to create an image Computer processes into a false-color image of Computer processes into a false-color image of
emission plume superimposed on visible imageemission plume superimposed on visible image
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IR BAGI CameraIR BAGI Camera
Developed by Sandia Developed by Sandia National LaboratoryNational Laboratory
Real-time Real-time instantaneous instantaneous detectiondetection
No quantification of No quantification of detected leaks yetdetected leaks yet
Does not differentiate Does not differentiate chemical specieschemical species Tuned to optimum Tuned to optimum
wavelength wavelength absorbed by absorbed by chemical specieschemical species
Shoulder-mounted camera
Backpack power/control
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Backscatter Absorption Backscatter Absorption Gas ImagingGas Imaging ((BAGI) ProcessBAGI) Process
Incident IR laser light Incident IR laser light reflects off background & reflects off background & returns to camerareturns to camera
IR camera creates black & IR camera creates black & white image of equipmentwhite image of equipment
Chemical plume absorbs Chemical plume absorbs IR light creating a IR light creating a negative imagenegative image
Leak plume appears as a Leak plume appears as a black, smoky image in black, smoky image in BAGI cameraBAGI camera Source: As Adapted from McRae, Tom, GasVue: A Rapid Leak
Location Technology for Large VOC Fugitive Emissions. (Presentation at the CSI Petroleum Refining Sector Equipment Leaks Group, Washington, DC, Sept. 9, 1997).
Note: Although this Exhibit shows the gas in contact with the background material, it is not a requirement that the gas be in contact with the background. The gas plume need only be between the background and the infrared camera.
Incident infraredlaser light
Incident infraredlaser light absorbed by chemical plume
Gas Plume
Backscatteredlaser light
Backscatteredlaser light
Incident infrared laser light
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IR BAGI Camera, cont.IR BAGI Camera, cont.
PortablePortable Camera ~20 poundsCamera ~20 pounds Shoulder- or tripod-Shoulder- or tripod-
mounted operationmounted operation Size of a shoulder-Size of a shoulder-
mounted TV cameramounted TV camera DC or AC PowerDC or AC Power
Rechargeable battery Rechargeable battery back-pack ~12 poundsback-pack ~12 pounds
Camera viewer and tape Camera viewer and tape recording toggle between recording toggle between IR and visible lightIR and visible light
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BAGI DemonstrationsBAGI Demonstrations
Joint Government – Industry Test Initiative, Joint Government – Industry Test Initiative, 1999 - present1999 - present Laboratory TestingLaboratory Testing Chemical PlantsChemical Plants RefineriesRefineries
EPA, DOE, Texas Environmental Agencies, EPA, DOE, Texas Environmental Agencies, API and petroleum companiesAPI and petroleum companies
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Hydrocarbon plume
Flange
Visible light view of leaking flange Infrared view of leaking flange
Leaking flange
Leak Detected w/BAGI CameraLeak Detected w/BAGI Camera
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IMSS IR CameraIMSS IR Camera
Developed by Pacific Developed by Pacific Advanced Technology Advanced Technology (PAT)(PAT)
Based on principle of Based on principle of diffractive opticsdiffractive optics
Consists of:Consists of: IR CameraIR Camera Patented IMSS LensPatented IMSS Lens Internal PC with Internal PC with
algorithms to algorithms to process imagesprocess images PAT Sherlock Camera – Pre-production Model
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IMSS IR Camera, cont.IMSS IR Camera, cont.
Does not quantify leaks Does not quantify leaks yetyet
Can differentiate Can differentiate chemical specieschemical species
Battery operatedBattery operated PortablePortable
12 lbs (including 12 lbs (including battery)battery)
12” x 6” x 8”12” x 6” x 8”
IMSS on Radiance 1 Infrared Camera in Oil Refinery (Precursor to PAT Sherlock Camera)
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IMSS IR Camera, cont.IMSS IR Camera, cont.
Camera acquires image Camera acquires image of component of interestof component of interest No background No background
requiredrequired Image processed in PCImage processed in PC Results presentedResults presented
Leak shown in false-Leak shown in false-color overlaycolor overlay
Sherlock Camera with Sherlock Camera with real-time image real-time image processing currently processing currently being tested being tested
Methane Gas Leaking from Simulated Roof Vent. Detected with IMSS and Radiance 1 Infrared
Camera
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IMSS IR DemonstrationsIMSS IR Demonstrations
Demonstrations at:Demonstrations at: Off shore oil platformOff shore oil platform RefineryRefinery Oil & gas processing plantsOil & gas processing plants Airborne platformAirborne platform
Laboratory performance testingLaboratory performance testing
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Contact InformationContact Information
BAGI IR CameraBAGI IR Camera Sandia National Sandia National
LaboratoriesLaboratories Tom Kulp Tom Kulp
([email protected])([email protected])
OpticsOptics Laser Imaging SystemsLaser Imaging Systems
Tom McRaeTom McRae([email protected])([email protected])
IMSS IR CameraIMSS IR Camera Pacific Advanced Pacific Advanced
Technology Technology Bob HinnrichsBob Hinnrichs ([email protected])([email protected])
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Contributions by ManyContributions by Many
API Member Company RepresentativesAPI Member Company Representatives Technical review and project planningTechnical review and project planning
API StaffAPI Staff Funding of studies, coordination of regulatory activitiesFunding of studies, coordination of regulatory activities
Department of Energy-Office of Fossil FuelsDepartment of Energy-Office of Fossil Fuels Funding fiber laser development at Sandia LabsFunding fiber laser development at Sandia Labs
Department of Energy-Office of Industrial TechnologyDepartment of Energy-Office of Industrial Technology Funding fiber laser development at Sandia LabsFunding fiber laser development at Sandia Labs
EPA-National Enforcement and Investigation CenterEPA-National Enforcement and Investigation Center Looking for reliable alternative to Method 21Looking for reliable alternative to Method 21
EPA-Office of Air Quality Planning and StandardsEPA-Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Responsible for preparing regulatory change documentationResponsible for preparing regulatory change documentation
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Contributions by ManyContributions by Many National Advisory Committee on Environmental Policy and National Advisory Committee on Environmental Policy and
TechnologyTechnology EPA advisory group that funded early analysesEPA advisory group that funded early analyses
Laser Imaging Systems, Inc.Laser Imaging Systems, Inc. Holds patent on scanner used in fiber laserHolds patent on scanner used in fiber laser
Sandia National LaboratorySandia National Laboratory Development of fiber laser, has several patent applications, leading Development of fiber laser, has several patent applications, leading
discussions with vendors for commercializationdiscussions with vendors for commercialization ICF ConsultingICF Consulting
Protocols, data analysis, reporting, QA/QC, funded by EPA and APIProtocols, data analysis, reporting, QA/QC, funded by EPA and API URS RadianURS Radian
Performed bagging emissions quantification during field testsPerformed bagging emissions quantification during field tests Texas Council on Environmental TechnologiesTexas Council on Environmental Technologies
Funding additional testing of alternative imaging technologiesFunding additional testing of alternative imaging technologies