emergency response team training

8/8/2019 Emergency response Team Training

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Presented by

Subroto Ghosh



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What is an Emergency

An unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting state that

calls for immediate action.

In facility management terms, this means

any unplanned event that can cause injury,

death, or destruction of property.



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Man-Made Emergency Bomb threat, Fire Incident, War, Civil Disorder

Natural Emergency

Draught, Flooding, earthquakes

Technical Emergency

Electrical power loss, equipment failure, air-

conditioning failure

T ypes of Emergency



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What is Fire

Fire is a chemical reaction which involves fuel,oxygen and an ignition source.



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What is Fire

Heat Can be generated by many methods i.e.overloading of electric sockets, careless disposal

of cigarettes, portable heaters placed too close to

furnishings.

Fuel take may form including, paper, furniture,

carpets etc.

Oxygen is freely available every corner and at everywhere



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Fire safety facility at Premises

SMOKE DETECTORS

Fire is best handled by prevention than controlling

To achieve this, Smoke detectors are installed in ceilings, which are linked with Fire

panel boards.

Fire panel board blow siren and also indicate, where smoke is detected.

MANUAL CALL POINTS

The manually operated fire alarm switches are situated at prominent positions inevery floor, fixed with glass cover.

If activated a general alert alongwith siren is sounded t floor.

To activate this, break the glass using hard object and press/pull the button/lever.

Fire Extinguishers

Every Floor has been provided with adequate number of all purpose ABC & CO2 fire

extinguishers.

These extinguishers can be used in case of small fire, to control it from spreading

further.

Fire Hydrants alongwith Hose pipe is installed near fire exit door, to be used by

professional firemen to control big fire.



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Facility for Safe Evacuation

Fire Resistant Doors All Fire exit doors are fire resistant and capable to keep off

fire and smoke for about 30 mins. These doors should closed

after evacuation, to prevent fire and smoke from spreading

into the staircase

Fire Exit Sign and Emergency Lights

These work even if there is a power failure thus assisting in

evacuation

Staircases These are set out in the Floor plan displayed at prominent

places at floor.



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I f You Discover a Fire

1. Do Not Panic2. Operate the alarm button i.e. Manual Call Point

3. Call the Fire Marshal on your floor and if they are

not available immediately call emergencynumber

4. Fight Fire with Fire Extinguishers if it is safe to do

so and you are trained and have suitable

instructions for its operation.



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I f You Discover a Fire

5. Use the Nearest Exit or as directed by FireMarshals to leave premises

DO NOT USE LIFT

6. Report to Fire Marshal/officer for a roll call at thedesignated assembly point.



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I F a Fire Alarm I s Sounded

1. Try to be calm2. Stay Alert and listen to the instruction of Fire Marshal.

3. Switch off equipments, place vital records in strong

room/safe, if there is adequate time.

4. If the instruction announced is to evacuatea. DO NOT RUN

b. Leave the premises immediately in a speedy manner and orderly manner

to the designated assembly point.

c. Please take care of disabled per son when evacuating and talk to the

minimum.

d. DO NOT STOP TO COLLECT BELONGINGS. Personal Safety is of Primary

importance.



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Personal Fire Protection- Key Points

Close Door Behind you when you exit Isolate a fire with a closed door

If an exit is blocked by fire, try another exit. DO

NOT USE LIFT. STOP, DROP, ROLL to smoother burning clothing

Cool Burns with Water

To avoid smoke of fumes when exiting stoop low

or crawl.



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Personal Fire Protection- Key Points

Feel Doors for heat and fire on the other sidebefore use.

Use a Fire Extinguishers when there is a clear exit

to your back.

Be accompanied when you go to fight fire.

Do not use water or foam based fire extinguishers

on an electrical appliance. USE CO2

Fight Fire Only if it is safe to do so or else GET

OUT



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Fire Prevention- Key Points

Fire prevention is everybodys responsibility and every staff is expected to be vigilant and follow organization

instructions. You must always:

Keep Exits/ passage clear of obstructions

Clear Accumulated paper and rubbish from work area Follow NO SMOKING sign. Work areas should be non smoking.

Place heaters ways from flammable materials.

Refrain From placing vases or drink cups on or near computer terminals,

video monitors or other electrical equipments.

Switch off all the equipments at end of work day. Never overload electrical sockets. Keep non-essential equipments

switched off.



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Fire Extinguishers



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T he Fire T riangleT he Fire T riangle

Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the

principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sourcesseparate.



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T he Fire T riangleT he Fire T riangle

1. Enough OXYGENOXYGEN to sustain combustion

2. Enough HEATHEAT to reach ignition temperature

3. Some FUELFUEL or combustible material

Together, they produce the CHEMICALCHEMICALREACTIONREACTION that is fire

Three things must be present at the same time toproduce fire:

Take away any of these things andTake away any of these things and thethe fire will be extinguishedfire will be extinguished



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Fuel ClassificationsFuel Classifications

Fires are classified according to the type of fuel

that is burning.

If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher onthe wrong class of fire, you might make matters

worse.

Its very important to understand the four

different fire (fuel) classifications«



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Fuel ClassificationsFuel Classifications

Class A: Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics³solids that

are not metals.

Class B: Flammable liquids³gasoline, oil, grease,

acetone. Includes flammable gases.

Class C: Electrical³energized electrical equipment. As

long as it·s ´plugged in.µ

Class D: Metals³potassium, sodium, aluminum,

magnesium. Requires Metal-X, foam, and other

special extinguishing agents.



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T ypes of Fire ExtinguishersT ypes of Fire Extinguishers

Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight

different classes of fire.

The 3 most common types of fire extinguishers are:

1. Water (APW)

2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

3. Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)



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1.1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers

APW stands for ´Air-Pressurized

Water.µ

Filled with ordinary tap water and

pressurized air, they are essentially

large squirt guns.



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1.1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers

APW·s extinguish

fire by taking

away the ´heatµelement of the

Fire Triangle.



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1.1. Water (APW) Fire ExtinguishersAPW·s are designed for Class A fires only:

Wood, paper, cloth.

Using water on a flammable liquid fire could cause the fire to

spread.

Using water on an electrical fire increases the risk of

electrocution. If you have no choice but to use an APW on an

electrical fire, make sure the electrical equipment is un-plugged

or de-energized.



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2.2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

The pressure in a

CO2 extinguisher is

so great, bits ofdry ice may shoot

out of the horn!



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2.2.Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

CO2·s are designed for Class B and C (Flammable Liquids and

Electrical sources) fires only!



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2.2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

CO2 is very cold as it comes out of the extinguisher,so it cools the fuel as well.

Carbon dioxide is a non-

flammable gas that takes

away the oxygen element of

the fire triangle. Withoutoxygen, there is no fire.



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3.3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers

The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire.These extinguishers are very effective at putting out fire.

Dry chemical extinguishers

put out fire by coating the

fuel with a thin layer of

dust. This separates thefuel from the oxygen in the

air.



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3.3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers

An ´ABCµ extinguisher will have a

label like this, indicating it may beused on Class A, B and C fires.

It is extremely important to identify which types of dry

chemical extinguishers are located in your area!

You don·t want to mistakenly use a ´BCµ extinguisher on a Class

A fire thinking that it was an ´ABCµ extinguisher.



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H ow to Use a Fire Extinguisher H ow to Use a Fire Extinguisher

It·s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if youremember the acronym PASS:

PPull

AAimSSqueeze

SSweep



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PPull the pin«

This will allow you to discharge theThis will allow you to discharge the

extinguisherextinguisher



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AAim at the base of the fire«

Hit theHit the fuel. If you aim at the flames...fuel. If you aim at the flames...

« the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.



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SSqueeze the top handle«

This depresses a button that releasesThis depresses a button that releases thethe

pressurizedpressurized extinguishing agent.extinguishing agent.



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SSweep from side to side«

Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then slowly move

forward.

Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites.



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R ules for Fighting FiresR ules for Fighting Fires

Do not fight the fire if:

You don·t have adequate or appropriate equipment. If you

don·t have the correct type or large enough extinguisher, it is

best not to try fighting the fire.

You might inhale toxic smoke. When synthetic materials suchas the nylon in carpeting or foam padding in a sofa burn, they

can produce hydrogen cyanide, acrolein, and ammonia in

addition to carbon monoxide. These gases can be fatal in very

small amounts.

Your instincts tell you not to. If you are uncomfortable withthe situation for any reason, just let the fire department do

their job.



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R ules for Fighting FiresR ules for Fighting Fires

The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit ormeans of escape at your back before you attempt to use an

extinguisher to put out a fire.

In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpectedhappens, you need to be able to get out quickly. You don·t want to

become trapped.



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Emergency R esponse T eam :

R ole and R esponsibility



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Emergency Organogram



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Emergency Controller

Facility Manager / Project Manager shall be

discharging the responsibilities of

Emergency Controller in co-ordinationwith Clients co-coordinator.



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R ole of Emergency Controller

Assist the client during any evacuation of site. Organize his team and provide direction. He shall make best effort to keep

people calm and control panic.

Assist the staff in mustering at the designated assembly points.

Check for any trapped persons inside the affected areas and ensure that

first aid is provided to the injured. Supervise the emergency evacuation team and the Fire fighting team to

fight the fire / any other emergency effectively.

Stay in the premises, till the situation is under control, to do an evaluation

of the premises and the assets.

Maintain continuous communication with the Fire fighting team, Securityteam and fire evacuation team.

Review the situation continuously and co-ordinate with client for further

actions.



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R ole of Emergency Controller

Decontrol Access control system (if not done automatically).

Cordon off affected area and prevent interested onlookers from

heading in that direction.

Co-ordinate with government officials as directed by Client

coordinator

Co-ordinate to operate / stop the utility machinery as needed.

Conduct periodic evacuation drill (no less than annually)



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R oles of Fire Marshal

He should be familiar with the fire safety plan of the building in

general and for his respective area/floor in particular.

He must know about the fire protection arrangements, alarm

system, location of exits, escape routes and alternative means of

escape. He shall keep himself abreast with information on various types of

fire extinguishers installed on his floor.

In case of emergency, the floor Marshall will take charge of the

situation and direct emergency control operation and/or

evacuation of the staff & contractors.



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R oles of Fire Marshal

He shall maintain constant contact with Emergency Controller, for

prompt compliance of the instruction received during emergency

control /rescue operation.

When evacuation is ordered, the floor Marshall, shall arrange for

search of the all areas, including toilets and other not frequentlyused places for any occupants and assists them in quick escape.

He should ensure orderly evacuation. Floor Marshall shall count

heads and confirm that all have been evacuated at assembly point.

He will ensure speedy first aid to the injured.

He will be the last person to leave the floor.



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Evacuation Drill: What is it all about

The human interface with the fire protection is acritical factor in the provision of an acceptable

level of life safety in the event of a fire.

Building occupants must know what the

evacuation alarm sounds like, where the exits are,

and the proper response during an emergency.

Emergency plans and workplace fire drills address

the human element in the protection of lives inthe event of fire.



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R easons for Evacuation Drill

To educate building occupants about the procedures tofollow in the event of an emergency that requires

evacuation.

To provide an opportunity for occupants to locate and

use alternative routes under nonthreatening conditions. identify potential issues with the buildings means of

entrance and exit.



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Essentials of Fire Evacuation Drill

The goal of workplace fire drills is to familiarizeemployees with emergency procedures and the

location of means of egress components provided

within the facility.

The fire drill is a tool that is used to ensure that

occupants react properly in the event of an actual

emergency within a facility.



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Pre-Drill Assessment Before conducting an evacuation drill in the workplace,

the drill coordinator should conduct a pre-drill assessment

of the evacuation routes and assembly points.

The pre-drill assessment is intended to verify that all exitcomponents (stairs, doors, etc.) are in proper order and

that occupants can use them safely.

For example, the assessment might confirm that exits are

clearly marked and that corridors are free of obstructions.



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Fire Evacuation process The occupant will recognize the evacuation alarm.

On receiving the evacuation signal, the occupant will take

appropriate actions, including the shutdown of machinery or

processes.

The occupant will immediately begin the evacuation process using

routes prescribed by the facility emergency plan.

The occupant will provide assistance to visitors or individuals who

are experiencing difficulty.

The occupant will take evasive action if the means of exit that isselected is determined to be unsafe.

The occupant will report to the assembly area monitor at the

assigned assembly point.



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Nature of Drill : Announced or SurpriseDrills shall be held at expected and unexpected times and

under varying conditions to simulate the unusual

conditions that can occur in an actual emergency

Drills should be carefully planned to simulate actual fire

conditions. Not only should drills be held at varying

times, but different means of exit or relocation areas

should be used, based on an assumption that fire orsmoke might prevent the use of normal egress and

relocation avenues.



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Announced DRILL: An announced drill allows occupants to prepare before the

evacuation.

Announced drills should be structured learning exercises in which

the occupants walk through the actions they are to take when the

evacuation alarm sounds.

An announced drill allows businesses to prepare for the downtime

that will occur while employees leave the building.

The announced drill is the least threatening type of exercise and

can be used to introduce occupants to a new emergency plan orrevised evacuation routes.

During announced drills, assigned staff members can direct

occupants to alternate egress routes.



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Surprise DRILL: Surprise drill might be considered to be disruptive, it is the best

indication of what will occur under actual emergency conditions.

With no announced warning, occupants might choose not to reactto the alarm or might demonstrate behaviours that could be

dangerous under actual emergency conditions.

During the surprise drill, signage may be used to cause occupants

to seek alternative exit routes or take evasive actions such ascrawling under a smoke layer in a corridor.



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Summary

Companies use fire drills to enhance employee safety.Fire drills educate building occupants, help in

evaluating the companys emergency plans, and

identify unsafe conditions that would hinder Exit.

Fire evacuation drill objectives involve the occupants

recognizing the alarm, taking the appropriate

actions, providing assistance to others who needhelp, and so on.



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emergency response team training

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