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Emergency Operation (EMOP) DRC 200186

Title: Emergency support to populations affected by insecurity in Haut and Bas-Uélé Districts in Oriental Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

DRC EMOP 200186

Number of beneficiaries 246,800

Duration of project 12 months (January to December 2011)

Food tonnage 14,667 mt

Cost (United States dollars)

WFP food cost US$7,979,459

WFP cash/voucher cost -

Total cost to WFP US$25,205,011

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Haut-Uélé and Bas-Uélé districts of the Oriental Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have been destabilized since the 1990s by a succession of armed groups including the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) from Uganda. Over 120 attacks conducted by the LRA have been reported in Haut-Uélé and Bas-Uélé districts between March and September 2010.1 Following a joint military operation by the DRC, Sudan and the Central African Republic in 2008 in Haut-Uélé, the LRA moved to the borders of the Central African Republic and Sudan. Since then, the LRA has been periodically attacking civilian populations both in Haut and Bas-Uélé. The prevailing insecurity has resulted in the displacement of 265,000 people and contributed to a deterioration of the food security and nutrition situation. Trade in Haut and Bas-Uélé, which was already constrained by the poor road conditions especially during the rainy season, has been further limited. According to July 2010 emergency food security assessment, 41 percent of surveyed households reported insecurity and lootings as their main shock during the previous six months. The report has shown that unless vulnerable people in Haut-Uélé and Bas-Uélé districts receive relief food assistance, the food security situation is likely to decline even further.2

WFP will continue to lead the logistics cluster and co-lead the food security cluster in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The emergency operation is part of the 2011 DRC Humanitarian Action Plan which was developed by the United Nations agencies and non-governmental organisations. This operation addresses Strategic Objective 1 of the WFP Strategic Plan (2008-2013) - Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies. The programme activities are also aligned with Millennium Development Goals 1 and 4.3

This emergency operation will primarily target internally displaced persons, returnees, refugees, repatriating refugees and other vulnerable groups among the host communities in Bas and Haut-Uélé districts. This operation follows the emergency operation (EMOP 108240) which ends in December 2010.

1 2011 Humanitarian Action Plan, Democratic Republic of Congo. 2 WFP, EFSA report July 2010, Democratic Republic of Congo. 3 MDG 1- End Poverty and Hunger; 4 – Child Health.

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SITUATION ANALYSIS AND SCENARIO

The overall context 1. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) suffers from one of the worst

humanitarian crises in the world. Despite improvement of relations between the DRC and its neighbours, the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in the Haut and Bas-Uélé districts in Oriental Province continue to terrorize and displace populations. Civilian populations have been victims of frequent looting, abduction as well as severe atrocities.

2. Due to the intensified attacks by the LRA since 2009, the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) continues to soar in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts.4 Out of a total population of 3.3 million people, there are 265,000 displaced persons in Haut and Bas-Uélé. Approximately 214,000 of these IDPs are in Haut-Uélé and the remaining 51,000 reside in Bas-Uélé. Most of the IDPs are living with host communities, except for an estimated 30,000 IDPs residing in camps.

3. As of June 2009, approximately 20,000 Congolese refugees who fled in the past years

were settled in Southern Sudan and 3,500 refugees were in the CAR.5 In addition, 1,000 Central African refugees have settled in Bas-Uélé.6 Despite the robust military deployment in Haut-Uélé, security remains fluid and it is unlikely that 2011 will see any significant population returns. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) estimates that less than 10 percent of the IDPs (24,700) will return to their villages.

4. Protection of civilians in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts, where communities are regularly

attacked by LRA, remains a key concern. Civilians are killed and increasingly abducted. One of the major protection threats is sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Due to various effects of SGBV (trauma, stigmatization, loss of self esteem, isolation, etc.), survivors are no longer capable of effectively managing their family obligations, such as providing food to their families.

5. Initially providing assistance to the conflict-affected population in Haut-Uélé district

under its protracted relief and recovery operation (PRRO), WFP launched an emergency operation (EMOP 108240) in May 2009 to cover the needs of 154,000 IDPs, host family members and repatriating refugees until December 2010. To date, WFP has assisted 88,400 people with over 6,000 mt of food in accessible areas under EMOP 108240. Some areas of Haut-Uélé and Bas-Uélé districts have been inaccessible to the humanitarian community due to insecurity, difficult terrain and very poor road conditions. The recent establishment of a presence in Bas-Uélé district by some NGOs has increased the ability to reach vulnerable populations.

4 OCHA, Humanitarian Action Plan 2010. 5 Out of which 14,500 are registered and assisted by UNHCR in refugee camps. 6 OCHA, Mouvements de populations suites aux attaques de groupes armes: situation en Juin 2010.

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6. Access to clean water is poor and is further reduced by the presence of IDPs. Several NGOs are planning to initiate water and sanitation activities. The existing basic health, water and sanitation facilities are over-stretched. Clinics are functioning with the support of medical NGOs.

7. The education infrastructure is poor in the area, but some schools have basic facilities,

such as classrooms, water supply and sanitation structures. According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), at least 30,000 primary school children have had their 2009-2010 school year disrupted in Haut-Uélé and Bas-Uélé districts.

The food security and nutrition situation 8. Increased insecurity due to the intensified and recurrent LRA attacks in Haut and Bas-

Uélé districts has become one of the main causes of food insecurity in these two districts. As a result of the LRA attacks, people have been forced to flee their villages; their homes were burnt down and their source of livelihoods including crops and livestock were looted. IDPs often return with no food stock nor money. To survive, they are forced to rely on food assistance, casual labour and collection of wild food. According to the emergency food security assessment (EFSA) conducted in July 2010, 41 percent of surveyed households reported insecurity and lootings as their main shock during the previous six months.

9. Insecurity also affects host populations who rely heavily on agriculture as their main livelihood activity. They have very limited access to their agricultural fields. Nearly 53 percent of the surveyed households did not cultivate their fertile land located long distances from the settlements mainly because of insecurity. Most of the IDPs live with host families, who are obliged by their traditional solidarity to share their limited food stocks with the displaced families. This is an additional burden to the food-insecure host families.

10. The results of the July 2010 EFSA indicate that Bas and Haut-Uélé districts have the

highest percentage of households with poor and borderline food consumption in Oriental Province (71 and 59 percent respectively). The factors contributing to this are insecurity, loss of assets and insufficient income.7 The Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) analysis classified in March 2010 seven territories of Bas and Haut-Uélé districts in phase 3 - “acute food and livelihood crisis” (Dungu, Faradje, Niangara and Watsa in Haut-Uélé and Ango, Bambesa and Poko in Bas-Uélé).8

11. Reduced food availability, as a result of various constraints on agriculture combined with the households’ limited access to food, has resulted in a negative impact on households’ food consumption and nutrition status. According to preliminary results of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) of September 2010, the Oriental Province has the

7 WFP emergency food security assessment (EFSA) report, July 2010. 8 FAO/WFP Report of the 3rd Cycle of the IPC, March–April 2010. The other four IPC phases are: phase 1 – generally food-secure; phase 2 – moderate/borderline food insecurity; phase 4 – humanitarian emergency; and phase 5 – famine/humanitarian catastrophe. The classification is based on various indicators such as crude mortality rate, food access /availability and food consumption (dietary diversity and deficit).

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second highest rate of global acute malnutrition (GAM) in DRC (11 percent). In Bas-Uélé (Aketi), high GAM rates were recorded in February 2010 (12 percent), while the territories of Wamba and Faradje in Haut-Uélé, had GAM rates of 10 and 8 percent respectively.9

Scenarios 12. The humanitarian community, including United Nations agencies and NGOs, has

developed a Humanitarian Action Plan (HAP) for 2011, appealing for US$719 million to meet the urgent needs of 7.5 million people in DRC. The budget estimates are based on humanitarian needs and capacity that humanitarian partners believe they can mobilize to meet those needs. It is based on a scenario that anticipates the continuation of violence and insecurity in eastern and north-eastern DRC, because of the presence of foreign and local armed groups, plus persistent humanitarian needs in the various provinces. Violence and atrocities against civilians in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts are expected to continue in 2011. Elections beginning of 2011 add an unpredictable factor for the coming year.

13. A referendum for Southern Sudan independence is scheduled to take place in January 2011. Failure by the National Congress Party (NPC) government to organize the referendum could be a major trigger for civil conflict and instability, with significant implications for neighbouring countries and Oriental Province in particular.

14. Against this backdrop, WFP will use this EMOP to address the food needs of the IDPs, returnees, refugees, Congolese refugees repatriating from neighbouring countries as well as other vulnerable groups among the host communities. Given the existing crisis levels, and expectations that the humanitarian situation in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts is likely to deteriorate further, WFP will continue to respond to urgent needs under an emergency operation rather than incorporating assistance in this area under the PRRO 200167 “Targeted Food Assistance to Victims of Armed Conflict and other Vulnerable Groups” covering other parts of the country.

9 Rapport ACF-PRONANUT Evaluation du statut nutritionnel des enfants âgés de 6 a 59 mois et la mortalité rétrospective: zone de sante de Dungu et Doruma-territoire de Dungu, Mahagi, Djugu et Irumu de District de Ituri, Février 2010.

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POLICIES, CAPACITIES AND ACTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHERS

Policies, capacities and actions of the Government 15. Decades of poor governance exacerbated by conflict have limited the Government’s

capacity to administer at all levels. The Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) focuses on peace consolidation, and emphasizes governance, reconstruction and economic recovery, provision of social services, and protection of the environment. The Government’s most relevant programme for eastern DRC, including Oriental Province, is the Stabilization and Reconstruction for Areas Emerging from Conflict (STAREC), supported by the International Security and Stabilization Support Strategy (ISSSS). National policies include the draft National Food Security Policy, the National Strategic Plan against HIV (2010–2014), the protocol for community-based management of acute malnutrition, and the Strategy for the Development of Primary, Secondary, and Professional Education (2010-2015).

Policies, capacities and actions of other major actors 16. The United Nations in the DRC operates through an integrated mission comprising the

United Nations agencies and the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Congo (MONUSCO).10 Stabilization interventions in eastern DRC are guided by the United Nations’ ISSSS and the Government’s STAREC plan.

17. The 2011 HAP outlines four objectives: i) strengthen the protection of vulnerable civilian population in areas of humanitarian action, ii) reduce morbidity and mortality in target populations; iii) improve the living conditions of IDPs, returnees, repatriates, refugees and their affected host communities; and iv) restore the livelihoods of affected communities, based on criteria of vulnerability. Bas and Haut-Uélé districts are listed as a high priority area in the 2011 HAP.

18. The donor community supports the Government, NGOs and United Nations agencies through the Common Humanitarian Fund for the HAP, and the Stability and Recovery Funding Facility for the ISSSS.

Coordination 19. The cluster system is the primary coordination mechanism for humanitarian response. In

Oriental Province, WFP leads the Logistics Cluster, co-leads the Food Security Cluster and actively participates in other clusters. Other important coordination mechanisms at the provincial and district levels include the Provincial Inter-Agency Committee, the Inter-Cluster Meetings, the Consultative Framework led by the provincial authorities, and the Rapid Response for Population Movements Steering Committee.

10 The UN’s interventions are guided by Security Council Resolution 1925 and the Integrated Strategy Framework (ISF). The ISF has four main goals: i) addressing ongoing conflicts; ii) stabilizing the conflict-affected areas; iii) consolidating peace across DRC; and iv) ensuring development.

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20. All activities in relation to refugees and/or refugee returnees (i.e. the potential return of Congolese refugees or the arrival of new refugees from Southern Sudan in DRC) will be coordinated with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), which is also responsible for IDP protection concerns. UNICEF will focus on education, child protection, water and sanitation and provision of non-food items (NFIs). FAO will support agricultural system recovery through the provision of agricultural inputs and technical assistance.

OBJECTIVES OF WFP ASSISTANCE

21. This operation addresses WFP’s Strategic Objective (SO) 1 - Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies. The operation will also address Millennium Development Goals 1 and 4.11 The overarching goal of this operation is to save lives, improve food security and protect the livelihoods of refugees, IDPs, returnees, affected host communities and other vulnerable groups in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts.

22. The immediate objectives are to: • Stabilize acute malnutrition among targeted populations • Improve food consumption among targeted populations • Stabilize enrolment in assisted schools

BENEFICIARIES AND TARGETING

23. The geographical targeting will be initially guided by the findings of the July 2010 EFSA and the latest IPC analysis. WFP will target the territories classified as IPC phase 3 (acute food and livelihoods crisis conditions) and IPC phase 4 (humanitarian emergency) as well as areas with a high GAM prevalence. Areas with a large presence of IDPs, refugees and returnees will also be prioritized. Targeting will be done in consultation with local communities and partners in order to identify the most needy and vulnerable. A participatory exercise for an emergency preparedness and response framework will be held to refine the response options and the duration of assistance in each area.

24. Regular food security and nutrition surveillance will be carried out in collaboration with

government and NGO partners as well as local communities to determine any changes in the number of people in need of food assistance and refine the targeting criteria at household level. This will also serve as a baseline for monitoring.

25. The planned number of beneficiaries and food tonnage is based on the estimated needs,

WFP and partners’ operational capacities, the achievements made so far, the complex

11 MDG 1- End Poverty and Hunger; 4 – Child Health

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security situation, the limited accessibility, as well as the huge logistical constraints, including bad and long road transport system via Southern Sudan.

26. The following activities will be implemented under the EMOP: 27. General food distributions: General food distribution (GFD) will primarily target newly

displaced people,12 returnees, refugees, repatriating refugees from neighbouring countries and vulnerable groups among the host communities. Given that host communities are not entirely cut from their subsistence means and have some coping mechanisms, assistance will be limited to extremely food-insecure groups. Priority will be given to women-headed households, households with sick people and elderly. WFP and its partners will assess the needs of the host population alongside those of the IDPs to foster an integrated approach where appropriate. Food assistance will be provided for an initial 3 months, after which continuation will be subject to a re-assessment of needs.

28. Targeted supplementary feeding: Supplementary food rations, consisting of corn-soya blend (CSB), vegetable oil and sugar, will be provided to treat moderate acute malnutrition and prevent severe acute malnutrition as recommended by the nutrition cluster. WFP will target 5,600 moderately malnourished children of 6-59 months and pregnant and lactating women through health centres. Children will be screened on the basis of their weight for height (W/H) or their mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in line with the Government’s national nutrition protocol.13 The estimated beneficiary number is based on achievements to date discussions with WFP cooperating partners and may need to be increased subject to needs, access and availability of capacity to address them.

29. Emergency school feeding: WFP plans to implement an emergency school feeding

programme, in collaboration with UNICEF, education authorities, and other partners of the Education and Water-Sanitation Clusters, with the specific objectives of alleviating short-term hunger and encouraging school attendance, thereby re-establishing a sense of normalcy in areas with significant presence of IDPs. Nutritious food will be provided as a daily meal in selected primary schools.14 In some schools, WFP and partners will provide cooking utensils and building materials for the construction of basic school infrastructure. The school feeding programme will be implemented in areas affected by conflict but relatively secure to avoid putting beneficiaries at risk.

30. Emergency food for work: Emergency food for work (FFW) will target food-insecure and vulnerable households among IDPs, host communities, returnees, refugees, repatriating refugees to provide them with an income transfer, protect their livelihoods and support their return and reintegration. Due to the limited capacity of partners and communities, the scale of FFW activities will be limited, targeting 10,000 participants.

12 Newly displaced IDPs have been displaced for less than three months. 13 According to the national CMAM protocol, entry criteria in SFP are: 1) W/H between 70 and 79 percent or MUAC between 110 and 120 mm for children 6-59 months; 2) all children 6-59 month referred from a therapeutic feeding centre; 3) MUAC below 210 mm for pregnant women during the last quarter of pregnancy; and 4) MUAC below 210 mm for lactating women with children younger than 6 months. 14 Schools operate half day in DRC.

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FFW will be limited to outputs which directly benefit the participants and their communities, and to short-term activities that can be completed by communities with limited technical supervision. These will include the rehabilitation of community infrastructures such as portions of feeder roads and bridges with the aim to increase immediate access to local markets and basic services. FFW could contribute further to early recovery, providing support to land preparation (i.e clearing of overgrown vegetation and land tillage operations). The activities will be identified in close consultation with communities and relevant local technical services. Standard work norms and information kits on basic FFW activities will be provided by WFP and partners through on-the-job training and awareness sessions.

31. Assistance to other vulnerable groups: Lack of social support and access to health

centres can be prohibitive for women who are victims of rape or sexual violence. In coordination with other partners, WFP will provide GFD rations for three months to 1,500 food-insecure women victims of rape or sexual violence accessing health centres.15 Food will serve as an incentive for them to leave their homes to receive treatment. In collaboration with cooperating partners, WFP will support the training of victims of sexual violence in income-generating activities to enhance their economic reintegration after the treatment completion. WFP assistance will be provided in line with the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) guidelines on GBV interventions in Humanitarian Settings and the Comprehensive Strategy on combating sexual violence in the DRC.

15 The caseload is based on official cases of sexual violence registered and reported by NGOs.

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TABLE 1. BENEFICIARIES BY ACTIVITY TYPE Activity Male Female Total

General food distribution (GFD) • IDPs • Host families • Returnees (internal) • Repatriating refugees • Refugees

48,000 13,000 9,880 9,320

600

72,000 19500 14,820 13,980

900

120,000

32,500 24,700 23,300 1,500

Targeted supplementary feeding (SFP) • Moderate malnourished children < 5 years • Malnourished pregnant & lactating women

2,500

2,500

1,600

5,000

1,600

Emergency school feeding (ESF) • School children • School teachers • Cooks (participants) • Cooks (families)

25,000

400 200 400

25,000

600 300 600

50,000 1,000

500 1,000

Emergency food for work (FFW) 16 4,000 6,000 10,000

Other vulnerable groups • Victims of sexual violence

1,500

1,500

Adjusted total* 100,800 146,000 246,800

* The total number of beneficiaries has been adjusted downwards to avoid double-counting beneficiaries assisted under more than one activity.

32. In line with the WFP 2009 Gender Policy, WFP will ensure that women and men benefit equally from food assistance to meet their nutritional needs and that critical gender issues are addressed in the planning and design of programme activities. This EMOP is also in line with the Do-No-Harm approach, which aims at mitigating negative effects of assistance on beneficiaries and on the overall socio-economic and political context. WFP and its cooperating partners will conduct assessments on protection factors and risks in all operational areas in order to protect beneficiaries from potential risks of attacks and violence. When possible, food distribution points will be chosen in consultation with female beneficiaries and agencies with a protection mandate in order to prevent sexual violence and other forms of attacks during and after distributions.

NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RATIONS

33. Daily rations and nutritional values per person per day were determined for each activity taking into account food preferences and nutritional requirements of the targeted populations. The food basket includes cereals, pulses, vegetable oil, CSB, sugar and salt. It provides a balanced amount of macro and micronutrients, in accordance with local food habits and cooking practices. To counter micronutrient deficiencies, WFP will

16 Under FFW, WFP will provide an individual ration to each participant.

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ensure that all rations include fortified food, iodized salt and vitamin A-enriched vegetable oil. Palm oil, naturally rich in vitamin A, will be procured locally.

TABLE 2: DAILY FOOD RATION BY ACTIVITY (g/person/day)

Commodity Type

GFD & Other vulnerable people 17

SFP

Children 6-59 months

SFP

Pregnant and lactating women

ESF FFW

Nber of feeding days

90 days 90 days 90 days 220 days 90 days

Maize meal 400 - - 120 400 Pulses 120 - - 30 120 Vegetable oil 30 20 25 10 30 Salt 5 - - 5 5 CSB - 200 250 - - Sugar - 20 20 - - Total 555 240 295 165 555 Total kcal/day 2,135 1,057 1,301 628 2,135 % Kcal from protein

11 14 14 10 11

% Kcal from fat

16 27 27 18 16

34. An estimated 14,700 mt of food commodities will be required to assist 246,800 people in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts, as summarized in Table 3. Part of these requirements will be covered by carry-over stocks from the previous EMOP 108240.

TABLE 3: TOTAL FOOD REQUIREMENTS BY ACTIVITY (mt)

Commodity Type GFD & Other

vulnerable people

SFP – Children 6-59 months

SFP - Pregnant and

lactating women

ESF FFW Total (mt)

Maize meal 8,988 - - 1,120 360 10,468

Pulses 2,696 - - 288 108 3,092

Vegetable oil 674 9 3 93 27 806

Salt 114 - - 44 5 163

CSB - 90 36 - - 126

Sugar - 8 4 - - 12

Total 12,472 107 42 1,545 500 14,667

17 Beneficiaries among the host communities will receive a half ration.

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IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

35. WFP sub-office in Dungu will oversee the implementation of the operation in the two districts, under the overall supervision of WFP Area Office located in Bunia, covering WFP operations in Oriental Province.

36. Participation: Food management committees comprising community members will be

established; at least 50 percent of the members will be women. The committees will help determine eligibility, ensure proper food management, make logistics arrangements and support food distributions. Under the school feeding programme, the involvement of parents associations, school officials, pupils’ representatives, and district education authorities will be sought.

37. The school feeding programme will be implemented under the overall coordination of

the District Education Officers with active participation from the school officials, pupils and local communities. A school feeding management committee will be set up in each school with the participation of teachers, pupils and parents. WFP’s cooperating partners (Danish Refugee Council and the Association pour le Développement Social et la Sauvegarde de l’Environnement) will support and supervise the programme implementation at school-level. The headmaster of the school and the chairperson of the school feeding management committee will be responsible for receiving commodities and preparing monthly reports on beneficiary numbers and commodity use at school for submission to cooperating partners and WFP. Considering that community participation and ownership of the project is vital for the success of the programme, a public awareness campaign will be undertaken prior to food delivery, to ensure that parents and school authorities are aware of their respective roles in running the school canteens. WFP and the district school authorities will develop a school feeding guidance note including information on food preparation and storage, nutrition, sanitation and hygiene, kitchen construction and maintenance, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E).

38. Partnerships: Partnerships will be defined through field level agreements (FLAs), which

will include provisions regarding gender and protection. WFP will increase its cooperation with experienced NGOs with proven technical capacities.18 WFP is expanding its partnerships with additional partners in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts. The performance of NGO partners will be evaluated before approval and renewal of FLAs. Project proposals will be reviewed based on technical and logistical capacity, clear definition of target groups and the level of attention paid to women’s participation and needs. Partners will be responsible for beneficiary verification, food distribution and monitoring, and will report on targeting and food utilization on a monthly basis. WFP will enhance partners’ operational capacities with complementary inputs and training.

39. Procurement: Since access from North Kivu, where WFP is able to purchase food locally, to Haut and Bas-Uélé is impossible, most commodities will be purchased internationally or regionally (mainly from Uganda).

18 More specifically, WFP will partner with the following NGOs: ADSSE, CARITAS, Cooperazione e Sviluppo (CESVI), SAMARITAN’S PURSE, Lutheran World Federation (LWF), Danish Refugee Council, Action Contre la Faim (ACF).

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40. Logistical arrangements: The landside transport, storage and handling (LTSH) rate has been reduced from US$1,258 per mt under the previous EMOP to US$650 per mt through the use of new routes and a 90 percent reduction in airlifts. WFP is facing various logistics difficulties including the long transit and transhipment routes of international purchases through Kenya and Uganda. The option of road deliveries from Kampala via Southern Sudan remains the most suitable way to reach Haut and Bas-Uélé districts. Secondary transport from Dungu to various locations will be done using WFP trucks managed by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB), private transporters or NGOs that do not require MONUSCO escorts. Storage facilities will be set up in more locations and managed by WFP cooperating partners.

PERFORMANCE MONITORING

41. Performance monitoring will be conducted through WFP’s comprehensive results-based management (RBM) and M&E system as presented in the attached logical framework. A WFP M&E officer based in Bunia will coordinate and oversee the work of WFP food aid monitors under this operation.

42. WFP will use multiple strategies for collecting information, such as continued vulnerability analysis and mapping surveys, EFSAs, rapid response assessments (RRAs), IPC exercises, nutrition surveys and early warning systems. Data on output and outcome indicators will be collected through monthly reports from partners, post-distribution monitoring (PDM), food basket monitoring (FBM) as well as on-site distribution monitoring.

43. In areas that cannot be accessed because of insecurity and/or un-availability of escorts,

WFP, through its cooperating partners, will undertake routine monitoring activities.

44. A mid-year review of the operation, with the support of WFP headquarters and/or the regional bureau, will be conducted with all stakeholders to review programme implementation and delivery.

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HANDOVER STRATEGY

45. Considering the prevailing security and humanitarian situation in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts, and the limited capacity of the Government and the provincial authorities, WFP does not anticipate a hand-over of the activities in the near future. Findings from WFP periodic monitoring missions will further inform the planning of a phase-out strategy or a subsequent intervention if required.

HAZARD / RISK ASSESSMENT AND PREPAREDNESS PLANNING

Hazard and Risk assessment 46. The overall humanitarian situation in Oriental Province is likely to deteriorate further as a

result of continued violence by various militia groups in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts. A potential deterioration of the security situation in Sudan is possible as the ongoing political transition process continues. Conflict could resume in Southern Sudan linked to the forthcoming referendum.

47. WFP may have to respond to increased needs in Oriental Province and more specifically in Haut and Bas-Uélé districts. WFP and the United Nations Country Team will activate specific contingency and preparedness action plans in case of a renewed conflict in Southern Sudan that could lead to a spontaneous return of Congolese refugees and the arrival of Sudanese refugees in Haut-Uélé district. Any additional requirements would be addressed through a budget revision to the EMOP.

Preparedness Planning

48. In line with the global UNHCR/WFP Memorandum of Understanding, a joint workplan was elaborated for Haut and Bas-Uélé districts, when the humanitarian situation deteriorated drastically in 2009. This joint workplan will be updated in the event of further deterioration of the situation and increased humanitarian needs.

49. WFP has formed strategic alliances with various government, NGO and United Nations

counterparts for conducting RRAs and EFSAs. WFP has trained over 200 people who are able to carry out assessments. The existing Rapid Response for Movements of Population (RRMP) mechanism (in charge of all IDP and returnee registration) in the province will be further enhanced to track and verify displaced populations and determine appropriate response options.

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SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

50. Most areas in Oriental Province are classified as United Nations Security Phase III, with the eastern part bordering Uganda and Sudan under Phase IV.19 A number of sites within the targeted areas are only accessible with military escorts provided by MONUSCO, which has sometimes resulted in delayed missions. These arrangements will be reviewed once the planned MONUSCO withdrawal occurs.

51. In terms of staff security and safety, the United Nations Department of Safety and Security (UNDSS) operates a 24/7 radio room in Dungu. Two very small aperture terminal (VSAT) systems are currently operational; one established by OCHA at the Inter-Agency Base in Dungu and another one established by WFP at its Logistic Base. Measures are being taken to ensure that all WFP facilities are compliant with the minimum operating security standards (MOSS). Additional security related equipment has been budgeted for under this EMOP to mitigate the security risks for WFP and partner staff given the deteriorating security situation in Dungu.

RECOMMENDATION

52. The Executive Director and Director-General of FAO are requested to approve the proposed emergency operation (DRC EMOP 200186).

APPROVAL

………………………… ……………………………. Ms. Josette Sheeran Mr. Jacques Diouf Executive Director Director-General of FAO Date: … … … … … … … Date:………………………

19 Phase III (relocation): International staff and families are temporarily concentrated or relocated to specified sites/ locations and/or Eligible dependants are relocated outside the country; Phase IV (emergency programmes only): All international staff who are not directly concerned with emergency or humanitarian relief operations or security matters are relocated outside the country.

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ANNEX I-A: WFP PROJECT COST BREAKDOWN

PROJECT COST BREAKDOWN

Food20 Quantity

(mt) Value (US$)

Value (US$)

Cereals 10,468 4,023,657

Pulses 3,092 2,797,866

Oil and fats 807 1,060,145

Mixed and blended food 126 65,970

Others 175 31,820

Total food 14,667 7,979,459

Cash transfers

Voucher transfers

Subtotal food and transfers 7,979,459

External transport 1,651,293

Landside transport, storage and handling 9,538,585

Other direct operational costs 1,571,422

Direct support costs21 (see Annex I-B details) 2,815,326

Total direct project costs 23,556,086

Indirect support costs (7%) 22 1,648,926

TOTAL WFP COSTS 25,205,011

20This is a notional food basket for budgeting and approval. The contents may vary. 21 Indicative figure for information purposes. The direct support costs allotment is reviewed annually. 22 The indirect support cost rate may be amended by the Board during the project.

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ANNEX IB

DIRECT SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS (US$)Staff and staff-related costs

International professional staff 1,185,240

International general service staff 0

Local staff - national officers 47,746

Local staff - general service 0

Local staff - temporary assistance 308,680

Local staff - overtime 10,000

Hazard pay and hardship allowance 112,660

International consultants 100,000

Local consultants 0

Non staff HR: United Nations Volunteers 0

Commercial consultancy services 0

Staff duty travel 394,500

Subtotal 2,158,826

Recurring expenses

Rental of facility 20,000

Utilities general 3,500

Office supplies and other consumables 14,000

Communications and IT services 100,000

Equipment repair and maintenance 10,000

Vehicle running cost and maintenance 120,000

Office set-up and repairs 20,000

UN organization services 75,000

Subtotal 362,500

Equipment and capital costs

Vehicle leasing 102,000

TC/IT equipment 130 000

Local security costs 62 000

Subtotal 294 000

TOTAL DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS 2,815,326

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ANNEX II - LOGICAL FRAMEWORK SUMMARY Results-Chain (Logic Model)

Performance Indicators

Data source

Risks, Assumptions

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: SAVE LIVES AND PROTECT LIVELIHOODS IN EMERGENCIES Contribution to MDGs 1 & 4

Outcome 1.1: Stabilized acute malnutrition in children under 5 in targeted, emergency-affected populations

1.1.1 Prevalence of acute malnutrition among children under 5 (Weight-for-height as %) (target: reduction in acute malnutrition prevalence achieved among children under 5 for 80% of targeted populations)

1.1.2 Prevalence of low mid-upper arm

circumference (MUAC) - (target: Low MUAC prevalence stabilized for 80% of targeted populations)

1.1.3 Supplementary feeding performance

indicators: recovery rate, defaulter rate, death rate, non-response rate (target: 80% of targeted populations)

Nutrition surveys by WFP and partner organizations, SMART surveys Secondary data from other UN agencies, NGOs, THE DRC government, PRONANUT Cooperating partners reports

Outcome 1.2: Reduced or stabilized mortality in children under 5 and in adults in targeted, emergency-affected populations

1.2.1. Supplementary feeding performance indicators: recovery rate, defaulter rate, death rate, non-response rate (target: 80% of targeted populations)

SMART surveys Secondary data from other partner organizations

Outcome 1.3: Improved food consumption over assistance period for targeted emergency-affected communities

1.3.1 Household food consumption score (score exceeds 21 or 28 for 80% of targeted households)

1.3.2 Coping strategy index. Target: Negative coping mechanisms decreased for 80% of targeted communities

VAM assessments Secondary data from other partner organizations Cooperating partner M&E reports

Outcome 1.4: Enrolment of girls and boys, including IDPs and refugees, in assisted schools stabilized at pre-crisis levels

1.4.1 Enrolment: average annual rate of change in number of girls and boys enrolled (rate of increase equals 6%) 1.4.2 Retention rate: equals 90% for girls and boys in post-crisis situations

Cooperating partner M&E reports WFP M&E reports

Output 1.1 : Food and non-food items distributed in sufficient quantity and quality to targeted women, men, girls and boys under secure conditions

1.1.1 Number of women, men, girls and boys receiving food and non-food items, by category and as % of planned figures

1.1.2 Tonnage of food distributed, by type, as % of

planned distribution 1.1.3 Quantity of fortified foods, complementary foods and special nutritional products distributed, by type, as % of actual distribution

Distribution reports of cooperating partners WFP field visits and monitoring reports

Output 1.2: School feeding coverage aligned with programme of work

1.2.1 Number of schools assisted by WFP compared to the Plan

Cooperating partners reports WFP field visits and monitoring reports

Output 1.3: Developed, built or restored livelihood assets by targeted communities and individuals

1.3.1 Number of km of roads created or restored by targeted communities and individuals 1.3.2 Number of bridges created or restored 1.3.3 number of women and men trained in livelihood-support thematic areas 1.3.4 Number of rural community infrastructure rehabilitated.

Monthly reports from partners Field visits, monitoring reports WFP staff Final CP report Cooperating partner M&E reports

- Inaccessibility of targeted zones because of insecurity - Dilapidated infrastructure (health centres, schools) - Pipeline breaks - Limited funding available for surveys and assessments - Lack of cooperating partners with adequate capacities.

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ANNEX III - LIST OF ACRONYMS ACF Action Contre la Faim ADSSE Association pour le Développement Social et la Sauvegarde de

l’Environnement CAR Central Africa Republic CARITAS Catholic Agency for International Aid and Development CESVI Cooperazione e Sviluppo CMAM Community Management of Acute Malnutrition COMPAS Commodity Movement, Processing and Analysis System CP Cooperating partner CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement CSB Corn-soya blend DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo EFSA Emergency food security assessment EMOP Emergency operation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FARDC Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo FBM Food basket monitoring FFW Food for work FLA Field level agreement GAM Global acute malnutrition GFD General food distribution HAP Humanitarian Action Plan IASC Inter Agency Standing Committee IDP Internally displaced person IPC Integrated Phase Classification ISSSS International Stabilization and Security Support Strategy Kcal Kilo calories LRA Lord’s Resistance Army LTSH Landside transport, storage and handling LWF Lutheran World Federation MDG Millennium Development Goal MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the DR Congo MOSS Minimum operating security standards MSB Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency MUAC Mid-upper arm circumference NFI Non-food items NGO Non-governmental organization NPC National Congress Party OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ODOC Other direct operational costs PDA Personal Digital Assistants PDM Post-distribution monitoring PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers RBM Result-based management RRA Rapid Rural Assessment RRMP Rapid Response to Population Movements SAMARITAN’S PURSE

"The International Christian relief and evangelism organization"

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SFP Supplementary feeding programme SGBV Sexual and gender-based violence SO Strategic Objective SRFF Stabilization and Recovery Fund Facility STAREC Stabilization and Reconstruction Plan in Conflict-Affected Areas of

the Eastern DRC UN United Nations UNDSS United Nations Department of Safety and Security UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UPDF Uganda Peoples Defence Forces VAM Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal WFP World Food Programme

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ANNEX IV – MAP