EMERGENCY and CRITICAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

These slides need not be presented as a package. These slides need not be presented as a package. Please select slides as appropriate to the needs of your Please select slides as appropriate to the needs of your audienceaudience

Workshop Outcomes

1. 1. Familiarity with the policy and Familiarity with the policy and template plan.template plan.

2. Understanding of responsibilities 2. Understanding of responsibilities under the policy.under the policy.

3. Understanding of new 3. Understanding of new concepts/language.concepts/language.

Select slides in accordance with relevancy of outcomes to Select slides in accordance with relevancy of outcomes to your specific audienceyour specific audience

Workshop Outcomes Select slides in accordance with relevancy of outcomes to Select slides in accordance with relevancy of outcomes to

your specific audienceyour specific audience

4. 4. Understanding that decision making Understanding that decision making needs to be consistent with the needs to be consistent with the principles stated in the template principles stated in the template plan.plan.

5. 5. Understanding of the vital role that Understanding of the vital role that planning plays in the development of planning plays in the development of skills and understandings.skills and understandings.

Workshop Outcomes Select slides in accordance with relevancy of outcomes to Select slides in accordance with relevancy of outcomes to

your specific audienceyour specific audience

6. 6. Familiarity with Central Office and Familiarity with Central Office and district office support for schools.district office support for schools.

7. Understanding of the connection to 7. Understanding of the connection to the Online Incident Notification the Online Incident Notification System and the Visitors and System and the Visitors and Intruders policyIntruders policy

EM and CI Policyhttp://policies.det.wa.edu.au

– ““The policy directs school, district and The policy directs school, district and central planning and actions for the central planning and actions for the prevention of, preparedness for, response prevention of, preparedness for, response to and recovery from emergencies and to and recovery from emergencies and critical incidents. As a result of these critical incidents. As a result of these management processes the safety and management processes the safety and health and wellbeing of students, staff, health and wellbeing of students, staff, visitors and the broader school community visitors and the broader school community is prioritised and preserved/restored. is prioritised and preserved/restored. Further, disruption to student learning and Further, disruption to student learning and school operations is minimised.”school operations is minimised.”

Principles Planning and all actions taken to prevent, Planning and all actions taken to prevent,

prepare for, respond to or recover from prepare for, respond to or recover from emergencies and critical incidents are emergencies and critical incidents are consistent with the following principles:consistent with the following principles:

• Leadership.Leadership. Principals or site managers Principals or site managers retain responsibility for emergency and retain responsibility for emergency and critical incident management.critical incident management.

• Safety.Safety. The safety and wellbeing of all The safety and wellbeing of all individuals is paramount.individuals is paramount.

• Graduated response. Graduated response. The response is The response is increased or decreased at the school, increased or decreased at the school, district or system level according to the district or system level according to the level of resourcing and support required.level of resourcing and support required.

Principles

• Support. Support. Support may be within Support may be within and/or external to the school and is and/or external to the school and is coordinated, integrated, timely, coordinated, integrated, timely, equitable, culturally appropriate, equitable, culturally appropriate, enhances resilience and empowers enhances resilience and empowers school leadership.school leadership.

• Communication.Communication. Communication is Communication is based on verified information, timely based on verified information, timely and appropriate to the audience.and appropriate to the audience.

Principles• Ongoing assessment of needs. The

ongoing assessment of the needs of, and impact on, individuals, groups (including supporters), and the entire school community will guide interventions in the short, medium and long term.

• Other agencies. The roles and responsibilities of other agencies are understood and respected.

• Confidentiality. All interventions respect the confidentiality rights of members of the school community.

Emergency and Critical Incident Management Plan

Template http://policies.det.wa.edu.au

• The Emergency and Critical Incident The Emergency and Critical Incident Management Plan is provided to Management Plan is provided to support school planning. support school planning.

• Schools may choose to use this Schools may choose to use this template or provide their own.template or provide their own.

HEALTH AND WELLBEING RELATED POLICIES

Behaviour Management in SchoolsBehaviour Management in SchoolsChild ProtectionChild ProtectionCommunity Use of School FacilitiesCommunity Use of School FacilitiesDuty of CareDuty of CareExcursionsExcursionsFirst AidFirst AidOccupational Safety and HealthOccupational Safety and HealthRisk ManagementRisk ManagementSchool SecuritySchool SecurityStudent Health CareStudent Health CareVisitors and Intruders on School PremisesVisitors and Intruders on School Premises

EMERGENCY An event, actual or imminent, which:An event, actual or imminent, which: occurs on or off site; occurs on or off site; endangers or threatens to endanger life, endangers or threatens to endanger life,

property or the environment; and property or the environment; and requires a significant and coordinated requires a significant and coordinated

response.response.

**Usually does not evoke strong emotional **Usually does not evoke strong emotional reactionreactionFor example, fire or bomb threats, hazardous materials For example, fire or bomb threats, hazardous materials spillage, prolonged loss of a utility (for example, water or spillage, prolonged loss of a utility (for example, water or power), cyclone and floodspower), cyclone and floods..

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CRITICAL INCIDENT

An incident in which there is a high likelihood An incident in which there is a high likelihood of traumatic effects. of traumatic effects. Evokes unusual or unexpectedly strong emotional reactions which have the potential to interfere with the ability of the individual, group or system to function either at the time or later. eg an on-site accident causing death eg an on-site accident causing death or serious injury, student or staff suicide, major or serious injury, student or staff suicide, major vandalism, sexual assault at school, students vandalism, sexual assault at school, students lost or injured on an excursion or intruders on lost or injured on an excursion or intruders on a school site who cause harm to people or a school site who cause harm to people or damage property.damage property.

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INCIDENT CONTROLLER

The Incident Controller is the person The Incident Controller is the person responsible for the overall control of an responsible for the overall control of an emergency or critical incident.emergency or critical incident.

The principal/site manager will assume The principal/site manager will assume this rolethis role

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INCIDENT CONTROLLER

The Incident Controller needs to be The Incident Controller needs to be named as such. named as such.

If the role is to be delegated then the If the role is to be delegated then the person assuming the role must be fully person assuming the role must be fully aware of the role requirements and aware of the role requirements and responsibilities.responsibilities.

WHY THE TERM “EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT”?”?

• An internationally recognised and An internationally recognised and used termused term

• Requires focus on Requires focus on P P R RP P R R : : PPrevention, revention,

PPreparedness, reparedness, RResponseesponse

RRecoveryecovery

WHY THE TERM “EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT”?”?

• Encourages shared responsibility Encourages shared responsibility and actions by school staff, District and actions by school staff, District Office and Central Office;Office and Central Office;

• The term complements school The term complements school thinking and actions regarding risk thinking and actions regarding risk management and safetymanagement and safety..

EMERGENCY vs CRITICAL INCIDENT

Focus on the impact rather than the Focus on the impact rather than the eventevent. Some schools respond to . Some schools respond to and manage emergencies and and manage emergencies and critical incidents within their normal critical incidents within their normal resources and resourcefulness.resources and resourcefulness.

This requires an analytical This requires an analytical judgement by the Incident Controller.judgement by the Incident Controller.

RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT• Identify on-site and off-site situations that Identify on-site and off-site situations that

have the potential to become have the potential to become emergencies or critical incidents;emergencies or critical incidents;

• determinedetermine potential risks potential risks associated with associated with particular situationsparticular situations;;

• use Risk Management within the use Risk Management within the Education and Training Portfolio: Policy, Education and Training Portfolio: Policy, Procedures and GuidelinesProcedures and Guidelines to assess to assess potential risks and develop mitigation potential risks and develop mitigation strategies.strategies.

PREVENTION*

PREVENTION

RISK MINIMISATIONRISK MINIMISATION• eliminate or reduce likelihood of occurrenceeliminate or reduce likelihood of occurrence;;• regular testing of evacuation and alarm regular testing of evacuation and alarm

systemssystems;;• provide signs for hazards and exitsprovide signs for hazards and exits;;• consult other agenciesconsult other agencies;;• establish strategies to secure propertyestablish strategies to secure property;;• raise student and staff awarenessraise student and staff awareness;;• consider consider First Aid training for staffFirst Aid training for staff..

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PREPAREDNESS

EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The principal/site manager will develop and The principal/site manager will develop and maintain an Emergency and Critical Incident maintain an Emergency and Critical Incident Management Plan for school/site and Management Plan for school/site and includes:includes:

• Management of foreseeable riskManagement of foreseeable risk• All Hazards Approach to Emergency All Hazards Approach to Emergency

Management (Figure 1)Management (Figure 1) (P, P, R, R) (P, P, R, R)

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Emergency Management

RiskAssessment

Preparedness Response RecoveryPrevention

DevelopEmergency Management

Plan

InitiateEmergency Response

Procedures

InitiateRecovery and

return to normal

operations

Review and update Plan

Identify risk

Analyse risk

Assess & prioritise risk

Act in a way to minimise the

risk of emergencies occurring

Assess

Evacuate

Inform

Organise

Undertake

Communicate the Plan to all staff

Train key staff

Test and modify the Plan

Develop Treatment Strategies

Adapted from Australian Emergency Management Arrangements (Emergency Management Australia)

Adapted fromRisk Managementpolicy

Figure 1An All Hazards Approach to Emergency Management

Department of Education and Training – Emergency and Critical Incident Management

All policy and procedural statements contained within this document are lawful orders for the purposes of section 80(a) of the Public Sector Management Act 1994 (WA) and are therefore to be observed by all Department of Education and Training employees.

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EM and CI PlanThe principal/siteThe principal/site manager must ensure that manager must ensure that the the Emergency Management PlanEmergency Management Plan includes: includes: • an overall strategy for the an overall strategy for the management management of of emergencies and critical emergencies and critical incidentsincidents• specific strategies for specific strategies for identified identified high-risk high-risk incidentsincidents ( (e.g. firee.g. fire))• an an evacuation planevacuation plan which: which:

– is tested and reviewed at least annuallyis tested and reviewed at least annually– caters for caters for movementmovement from buildings & from buildings &

groundsgrounds

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– Includes building / site plans which highlight: the Emergency Control Post evacuation routes and exits building locations and special

features water (e.g. hydrants), electrical &

gas control points evacuation assembly areas

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Details / roles and responsibilities of Staff re:

security

communication

evacuation control

Parent notification and collection of students

Provision for people with disabilities

Details of communication strategies and

warning systems

Emergency contact phone numbers

Specific strategies to reduce potential for suicide

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The principal/site manager will ensure The principal/site manager will ensure that the Emergency and Critical Incident that the Emergency and Critical Incident Management Plan of the school/site is:Management Plan of the school/site is:

– communicatedcommunicated to all staff to all staff– publicly publicly accessibleaccessible for both for both

inspection and use in the event of an inspection and use in the event of an emergency or critical incidentemergency or critical incident

PREPAREDNESS COMMUNICATION AND

TRAINING

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– reviewedreviewed and and testedtested (e.g. (e.g. evacuation drill) on an annual basis evacuation drill) on an annual basis and after an incidentand after an incident

– implemented by staff trainedimplemented by staff trained for for their roletheir roless in managing emergency in managing emergency situations (situations (e.g. participation in drills e.g. participation in drills such as role plays or written such as role plays or written scenariosscenarios))

PREPAREDNESS PREPAREDNESS COMMUNICATION AND TRAINING

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– sent to Director Schoolssent to Director Schools ( (e.g. District e.g. District OfficeOffice))

– modifiedmodified in accordance with information in accordance with information gained from testing and actual gained from testing and actual experiencesexperiences

– developed in consideration of the services developed in consideration of the services provided by other agencies provided by other agencies ((e.g. Police e.g. Police Service, State Emergency Service, Fire and Service, State Emergency Service, Fire and Emergency Services Authority, the Department Emergency Services Authority, the Department for Community Development and Department of for Community Development and Department of Health, including Mental Health ServicesHealth, including Mental Health Services))

PREPAREDNESS PREPAREDNESS COMMUNICATION AND TRAINING

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Following an emergency or critical incidentFollowing an emergency or critical incident

the Principal or site manager willthe Principal or site manager will:: immediately immediately reportreport any emergency or critical any emergency or critical

incident to their Director Schools;incident to their Director Schools; submitsubmit an entry using the Online Incident an entry using the Online Incident

Notification System, as soon as is reasonably Notification System, as soon as is reasonably

possible; andpossible; and liaise liaise with their Director Schools or the with their Director Schools or the

Department’s Media Unit for media related Department’s Media Unit for media related matters and matters and

when preparing communications for parents. when preparing communications for parents.

RESPONSE *

The Incident Controller will determine the level The Incident Controller will determine the level of of

response and specific actions taken by response and specific actions taken by considering considering ththe:e:• potential and likely potential and likely impactimpact of the incident of the incident onon

students and staffstudents and staff• timingtiming of the incident of the incident• extent to which the incident is extent to which the incident is site-specificsite-specific or or

community-orientedcommunity-oriented

RESPONSE *

• locationlocation of the incident of the incident• cumulativecumulative effect of other incidents effect of other incidents• age and capabilitiesage and capabilities of the student of the student

populationpopulation• social, cultural, lingual, social, cultural, lingual,

economical, geographicaleconomical, geographical and and other other community factorscommunity factors

RESPONSERESPONSE cont.cont.*

• recognition of recognition of other agenciesother agencies that may that may have a role to play through legislative or have a role to play through legislative or policy control of an emergency policy control of an emergency ((e.g. e.g. fire fire -- the Fire and Emergency Services Authority; the Fire and Emergency Services Authority; cyclonescyclones - - the Fire Emergency Service Authority; the Fire Emergency Service Authority; is a support agency called upon by the controlling is a support agency called upon by the controlling agencyagency;; emergency accommodation, emergency accommodation, catering, clothing and financial assistancecatering, clothing and financial assistance - - Department for Community Development Department for Community Development ))

• lliaisiaison on with the appropriate Hazard with the appropriate Hazard Management Agency in regard to incident Management Agency in regard to incident and operational matters.and operational matters.

RESPONSERESPONSE cont.cont.*

Response:SSequenced Actionsequenced Actions

AAssess situationssess situation

EEvacuate students, staff, visitorsvacuate students, staff, visitors

IInform superordinatenform superordinate

OOrganise or request additional rganise or request additional resourcesresources

UUndertake recovery operationsndertake recovery operations

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Response

• AASSESS THE SITUATION, CALL EMERGENCY SSESS THE SITUATION, CALL EMERGENCY

SERVICES AND ASSIST THOSE IN DANGERSERVICES AND ASSIST THOSE IN DANGER

(P.12 Template)(P.12 Template)

Response

Evacuate :Evacuate :The movement of The movement of people from a threatened people from a threatened area to a place of safety.area to a place of safety.

On-site (P 28-30)On-site (P 28-30)

or

Response

Evacuate :Evacuate :The movement of people The movement of people from a threatened area to a place from a threatened area to a place of safety.of safety.

Off-site (P 31-33)Off-site (P 31-33)

or

Response

Lockdown: (Lockdown: (P 34 - 37P 34 - 37))– Isolating students, staff and Isolating students, staff and

visitors from a perceived threat of visitors from a perceived threat of physical harm at the school site by physical harm at the school site by confining people to classrooms or confining people to classrooms or other school buildings.other school buildings.

– Each school needs to have a plan Each school needs to have a plan in place for Lockdown.in place for Lockdown.

Response to Specific Emergencies and Critical

IncidentsArmed Hold-up Bomb Threat Bushfire Casualties Chemical Contamination

Response to Specific Emergencies and Critical

IncidentsCivil Disorder and Illegal Occupancy Cyclone/Flood Earthquake FireHandling of Suspect mail and Packages Sieges/Hostages Suicides (P 43 – 58)

Response

(P.14 + 15 Template)(P.14 + 15 Template)

ResponseInformDistrict and Central OfficeContact Director Schools or delegateReport via Online Incident Notification System:http://apps.det.wa.edu.au/CriticalIncident/Seek assistance from your Director Schools, and the DET media unit (9264 5821) for all communications about the incident.Consult with district Student Services personnel. (p.25 5.1)

Response

Organise to Support Those Affected

Undertake Recovery Operations at the End of the Day

(P.14 + 15 Template)(P.14 + 15 Template)

RECOVERY

The The Incident ControllerIncident Controller, and/or the , and/or the principal/site manager will decide when the principal/site manager will decide when the emergency and/or critical incident is over. emergency and/or critical incident is over.

The principal/site manager will: The principal/site manager will: – act to return the act to return the site infrastructuresite infrastructure

to normalto normal

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– develop and implement medium to long term strategies in conjunction with district Student Services and Operations to identify and manage the ongoing social and psychological needs and educational needs

– modify the Plan as determined by the operational debriefing.

– liaise with Director Schools and Department Media Unit

RECOVERY cont.cont.*

REVIEW OF PROCESSES

The principal/site manager may choose to:

• organise an operational debriefing to evaluate the implementation of the Emergency Management Plan; and

• prepare a post incident report encompassing the outcomes and recommendations of the debriefing.

• Maintain documentation associated with management of emergency and critical incident

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REVIEW

However plans should be reviewed at least annually.

Updating of staff awareness should be prioratised.

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REVIEW

• It’s better to plan for the unexpected It’s better to plan for the unexpected than to unexpectedly have to plan!than to unexpectedly have to plan!

• The process of developing a Plan is as The process of developing a Plan is as important as the final Plan!important as the final Plan!

““A Plan is not a recipe; it is a Road Map ofA Plan is not a recipe; it is a Road Map of

reference points to guide actions”.reference points to guide actions”.

C. C. GostelowGostelow