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TRANSCRIPT
EMC seminar
Page 1
EMC Measurements
Jan Sjögren Electronic Measurements Group Agilent Technologies [email protected]
EMC seminar
Day Agenda
8.45 REGISTRATION
9.00 Introduction
9.15 EMC Back to Basics
EMC - What is it and why should you care?
EMC compliance issues you need to be aware of.
How to make EMC pre-compliance Measurements.
12.30 Lunch and Demo Stations
13.30 EMSCAN: Very-Near-Field solutions for Far-Field Problems
1 Hour in a chamber or 1 Second with EMSCAN
16.00 Closing Words
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EMC seminar
Agenda
Introduction to EMI measurements Terminology
Measurement system (antenna, LISN, receiver, etc.)
Detectors
European and international standards
Pre-compliance measurement Measurements of radiated emissions
Measurements of conducted emissions
Measurements of immunity (EMS)
Measurement Setup
Anechoic chambers versus OATS (Open Area Test Site)
Agilent solutions Introducing the new Agilent MXE EMI receiver Full Compliance
Using the Agilent X-Series analyzers for EMI pre-compliance measurements
Application Software
Complete solutions through our partners
Page 3
EMC seminar
What is EMC?
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC): The ability of equipment to
operate in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable
disturbances into other devices.
Combination of Interference and Immunity.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Electromagnetic energy emanating from one device which causes another
device to have degraded performance.
Electromagnetic Immunity (Susceptibility, EMS): Tolerance in the
presence of electromagnetic energy (Performance degradation due to
electromagnetic energy).
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EMC seminar
Definitions
EMC –
Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI –
Electromagnetic
interference
(aka emissions)
EMS –
Electromagnetic
susceptibility
(aka Immunity)
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EMC seminar
Sources of Electromagnetic Interference
• Natural Sources
Lightning
Sun Spots
• Unintentional emitting products
Power lines
Motors (mixers, hair dryers etc)
Lighting, appliances
• Devices that intentionally emit signals
Most computers
Hand held communication devices
Radar, transceivers, broadcast equipment etc
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EMC seminar
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EMI measurement system
EMC seminar
Pre-compliance vs. Full compliance measurements
Page 8
Pre-compliance measurements
Evaluate the conducted and radiated emissions of a
device using correct detectors and bandwidths
before going to a test house for compliance testing
Full Compliance measurements Full compliance testing requires a receiver that meets the
requirements of CISPR part 16-1-1 (for commercial) or
MIL-STD-461 (for military), a qualified open area test site
or semi anechoic chamber and an antenna tower and
turntable to maximize EUT signals.
EMI receivers require a pre-selector at lower frequencies
to limit the input energy and maintain sufficient dynamic
range to meet the CISPR 16 requirements.
EMC seminar
Compliance EMI receiver requirements
A CISPR 16-1-1 receiver must have the following functionality in
the range 9 kHz - 18 GHz:
A normal +/- 2 dB absolute accuracy
CISPR-specified resolution bandwidths (-6 dB)
Peak, quasi-peak, EMI average, and RMS average detectors
Specified input impedance with a nominal value of 50 ohms; deviations
specified as VSWR
Be able to pass product immunity in a 3 V/m field
Be able to pass the CISPR pulse test (implies pre-selector below 1 GHz)
Other specific harmonic and intermodulation requirements
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EMC seminar
CISPR Pulse Generator for
Testing the QP response
Schwarzbeck Pulse Generator Purpose of the Schwarzbeck generator
Establish the reference repetition rate for band A, B, C and D using QPD
The repetition rate can be varied between 1000 Hz and an isolated pulse
The relative equivalent level can be adjusted
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EMC seminar
Receiver requirements above 1 GHz
Above 1 GHz regulations require:
1 MHz bandwidth for measurements
No quasi-peak detector
No CISPR pulse test, meaning no additional pre-selector required
excellent sensitivity
According to current FCC regulations, the maximum test frequency is the
fifth harmonic of the highest clock frequency for an “unintentional radiator”
(for example, computers without wireless connectivity) and the tenth
harmonic for an intentional radiator (such as a cellular phone or wireless
LAN).
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EMC seminar
What is an EMI Receiver? Let’s begin with a spectrum analyzer
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•Display and measure amplitude versus frequency for RF & MW signals
•Separate or demodulate complex signals into their base components (sine waves)
Spectrum Analysis
EMC seminar
Overview Types of Tests Made
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Modulation
Noise
Distortion
EMC
EMC seminar
Theory of Operation Swept Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram
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Pre-Selector
Or Low Pass
Input Filter
Crystal
Reference
Oscillator
Log
Amp
RF input
attenuator
mixer
IF filter
(RBW) envelope
detector
video
filter local
oscillator
sweep
generator
IF gain
Input
signal
ADC, Display
& Video
Processing
EMC seminar
RF Pre-selection (RF input filtering)
Purpose of RF pre-selection
Help to prevent overload by reducing the total energy at the input mixer
The RF preselector tracks the center frequency of the EMI receiver
The bandwidth of the RF preselector is wider that the widest RBW used
Useful in measuring broadband signals
Broadband
signals
Narrow band
signals
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16
Traditional Spectrum Analyzer
Scalar analysis
Digitizing the video signal
Classic superheterodyne swept spectrum analyzer
Product detector
loss of phase
information
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Digital IF Spectrum/Signal Analyzer
Vector data CAN be preserved (mag/phase or I/Q)
Digitizing the IF Signal
Some troublesome operations
and conversions are now
fast, accurate DSP
EMC seminar
Specifications Resolution: RBW Type Determines Sweep Time
280 sec
134 sec
13.5 sec
8563E Analog RBW
PSA Digital RBW
PSA FFT RBW
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Speed Improvements
Useful comparisons highly specific, many factors
PXA mode switching typically faster than PSA
Where speed is critical, consider modifying measurement routines to
include features such as list sweep
Benchmark PXA PSA Speed
improvement
Preset (*RST) 28 ms 168 ms 6x
Marker peak search 6.5 ms 78 ms 12x
Local Update 13 ms 17 ms 1.3x
CF Tune and Transfer (4 - 5GHz) 109 ms 186 ms 1.7x
Remote sweep and trace transfer 18 ms 30 ms 1.67x
Nominal speed comparison, PSA example:
EMC seminar
Modern spectrum analyzer
Resolution BW Selectivity or Shape Factor
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3 dB
60 dB
60 dB BW
60 dB BW
3 dB BW
3 dB BW
Selectivity =
Determines resolvability of unequal amplitude signals
EMC seminar
Specifications
Resolution: RBW Type and Selectivity
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DIGITAL FILTER
ANALOG FILTER
SPAN 3 kHz RES BW 100 Hz
Typical
Selectivity
Analog 15:1
Digital ≤5:1
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Digital Filter Shape
Better shape factor, biggest selectivity benefit for different signal levels
Equivalent selectivity at a wider, faster-sweeping RBW
digital filters swept an additional 3-4x faster
30 kHz Digital Filter
EMC seminar
CISPR Bandwidth Requirements
Measurement Range CISPR Band CISPR Bandwidth
9 KHz – 150KHz A 200 Hz
150 KHz – 30 MHz B 9 KHz
30 MHz – 1 GHz C/D 120 KHz
> 1GHz E 1 MHz
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Bandwidth -6dB
-20dB
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CISPR Bandwidth Requirements, cont Band A filter
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MIL-STD-461 Bandwidth Requirements
Measurement Range -6dB Bandwidth
30Hz - 1 KHz 10 Hz
1 KHz -10 KHz 100 Hz
10 KHz - 150 KHz 1 KHz
150 KHz - 30MHz 10 KHz
30 MHz - GHz 100 KHz
> 1GHz 1 MHz
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Detectors: Convert IF Samples to Display Bins or
“Buckets”
Multiple simultaneous detectors
Screen Shot “Detector 3types”
Time
Volts
Peak
Neg Peak
Sample
Display points or
buckets
Normal, Average, Neg Peak
Peak, Neg Peak, Sample
EMC seminar
Detectors
Page 27
Most radiated and conducted limits are based on quasi-peak
detection mode.
EMC seminar
Peak vs. Quasi-peak vs. Average
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time
V Peak Detection
Quasi-Peak Detection
Average Detection
time
V Peak Detection
Quasi-Peak Detection Average Detection
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Peak ≧ QP ≧Average Peak Detector
• Initially used
• Faster than QP and Average modes
• If all signals fall below the limit, then the product passes and no future
testing is needed.
QP
• For CW signal, Peak = QP
• Much slower by 2 or 3 order magnitude compared to using Peak detector
• Charge rate much faster than discharge rate
– the higher repetition rate of the signal, the higher QP reading
Average
• Radiated emissions measurements above 1 GHz are performed using
average detection
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EMC seminar
EMI Receiver Detectors (cont’d)
EMI Average Detection
RMS Average Detection
RMS-average weighting receivers employ a weighting detector that is a
combination of the rms detector (for pulse repetition frequencies above
a corner frequency fc)
and the average detector (for pulse repetition frequencies below the
corner frequency fc), thus achieving a
pulse response curve with the following characteristics: 10 dB/decade
above the corner frequency and 20 dB/decade below the corner
frequency.
This is the
response to a pulse
by the average
detector
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Some modern analyzers approach accuracy of power meter + sensor
• Even better for low-level signals, with narrower noise bandwidth and
the benefit of frequency selectivity
Some factors determining uncertainty:
• Input connector (mismatch)
• RF input attenuator
• Mixer and input filter (flatness)
• IF gain/attenuation (reference level)
• RBW filters
• Display scale fidelity
• Calibrator
Modern Spectrum Analyzer Accuracy
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Modern Spectrum Analyzer - Specifications
Digital IF provides power meter like accuracy
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Line Impedance Stabilization Networks (LISN)
Page 33
Purpose of a LISN:
1. Isolates the power mains from the
equipment under test. The power
supplied to the EUT must be as clean as
possible. Any noise on the line will be
coupled to the X-Series signal analyzer
and interpreted as noise generated by
the EUT.
2. Isolates any noise generated by the EUT
from being coupled to the power mains.
Excess noise on the power mains can
cause interference with the proper
operation of other devices on the line.
3. The signals generated by the EUT are
coupled to the X-Series analyzer using a
high-pass filter, which is part of the LISN.
Signals that are in the pass band of the
high-pass filter see a 50-Ω load.
EMC seminar
LISN
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LISN
Page 35
@ Electrical Network Frequency
@ 150 kHz to 30 MHz
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Transient Limiter
The purpose of the limiter is to protect the input of the EMC analyzer from
large transients when connected to a LISN. Switching EUT power on or off
can cause large spikes generated in the LISN.
The Agilent 11947A transient limiter incorporates a limiter, high-pass filter,
and an attenuator. It can withstand 10 kW for 10 μsec and has a frequency
range of 9 kHz to 200 MHz. The high-pass filter reduces the line frequencies
coupled to the EMC analyzer.
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DUT
Limiter LISN
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Field Strength Unit
Page 37
Radiated EMI emissions measurements measure the
electric field. The field strength is calibrated in dBμV/m.
Pt = total power radiated from an isotropic radiator
Pd = the power density at a distance from the isotropic radiator
(far field >λ/2π)
24 r
PP t
d
120R
R
EPd
2
2
2
4 r
P
R
E t
r
PE
t 30 [V/m]
[ohm] Free Space Impedance
r
EMC seminar
Field Strength and Antenna factors
Radiated EMI emissions tests measure the electric field. The
field strength is calibrated in dBμV/m.
Antenna factors is the ratio of the electric field (V/m) present
at the plane of the antenna versus the voltage out of the
antenna connector.
Log units:
AF(dB/m) = E(dBμV/m) - V(dBμV)
E(dBμV/m) = V(dBμV) + AF(dB/m)
Notes:
Antenna factors are not the same as antenna gain.
dBμV = dBm + 107
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Broadband antenna examples
Double ridged horn antennas
Hybrid log periodic
Biconical antenna
Log Periodic
antenna
Hybrid log periodic
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EMC seminar
EMC Regulations
An Overview
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EMC seminar
Standard Setting Institutions
IEC*
174 Technical
committees and
subcommittees
CISPR
(International Special
Committee on Radio
Interference)
TC77
(Technical Committee
77) deals with EMC
CENELEC
European standards
organization
FCC
Federal
Communication
Commission
ANSI
American National
Standards Institute
*IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
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Sun Tong
Agilent Technologies
2011年9月5日星期一Page 6
Frequency Bands
for Conducted and Radiated Emission
Mil-STD Radiated (RE101, RE102)
Mil-STD
Conducted
(CE101, CE102)
CISPR Radiated
9 kHz 30 MHz10 MHzTo 40 GHz
FCC Radiated
18GHz30Hz
Mil-STD Conducted (CE106) or Mil-STD Radiated (RE103)
10 kHz
CISPR, FCC
conducted
RE103 may be used as an alternative for CE106 when testing transmitters with their intended antennas.
CE106 is the preferred requirement unless the equipment or subsystem design characteristics preclude its use.
Mil-STD
Commercial
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EMC seminar
Who must comply with EMC Directive
Manufacturers of electronic equipment such as:
ITE (information technology equipment)
ISM (industrial, scientific medical)
Broadcast receivers
Household appliances and tools
Luminaries and fluorescent lighting
If a product does not fit into one of the above
categories then it must follow the generic standard
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EMC seminar
National Regulations Summary for Radiated and
Conducted Emissions CISPR FCC EN Description
11 Part 18 EN55011 ISM equipment
12 (SAE) EN55012 Vehicles off board rec.
13 Part 15 EN55013 Broadcast receivers
14 EN55014 Household appliances
15 EN55015 Luminaries (fluorescent lights)
16 Receivers/Methods
22 Part 15 EN55022 IT Equipment
25 EN55025 Vehicle on board rec.
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EMC seminar
European Norms example
EN55014 (CISPR 14)
This standard applies to electric motor-operated and thermal
appliances for household and similar purposes, electric tools
and electric apparatus.
Limit line use depends upon the power rating of the item.
EN55014 distinguishes between household appliances, motors
less than 700W, less than 1000W and greater than 1000W.
Limits for conducted emissions are 150 kHz to 30 MHz, and
limits for radiated emissions are 30 MHz to 300 MHz
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MIL-STD 461 Bandwidths and Measurement Times
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EMC Testing During
Product Life Cycle
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The Need for a Complete EMC Test Strategy
Why Not Just Build the product then test it?
The chances of passing compliance testing is less than 10%
The cost of failure:
Market window lost (Competitor beats you to market)
Additional engineering time
Cost of fixes to pass emissions
Cost of retesting
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EMC seminar
The Cost of EMI solutions as the
project progresses
Project development time line
EM
I pro
ble
m c
osts
Bre
adboard
/Desig
n
Pro
toty
pe
Pro
duction
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Compliance Testing
for Emissions
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General Process for Making EMI Measurements
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Determine the country or countries in which the product
will be sold which in turn identifies the regulatory agency.
Select the limit lines to be tested to (conducted/radiated).
Select the band to be used.
Correct for transducer loses and amplifiers gains.
Identify signals above the limit that must be evaluated.
Zoom in on failed signal and perform quasi-peak or
average measurements.
EMC seminar
Conducted Emissions Measurements
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1. Connect DUT to the test system
2. Set the proper frequency range
3. Load limit lines and correction factors for LISN and limiter
4. View the ambient emissions with DUT OFF
5. Switch on the DUT and find signals above limits by using peak detector
6. Measure all signals above limits with quasi-peak and average detectors
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Radiated Emissions are difficult to
measure because of multiple
dimensions (five) and the use of
quasi-peak detection below 1GHz
41.2563MHz
218.120MHz
1500.260MHz
1 - Azimuth
2 - Antenna Height
3 - Field Strength
4 - Frequency
5 -Time
The challenge of measuring radiated emissions
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EMC seminar
Examples of Test Facilities
Open Area Test Site (OATS)
Useful in low ambient signal
environments
GHz Transverse Electro
Magnetic Cell (GTEM Cell)
Used for smaller
devices. Can be used for
immunity and emissions.
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EMC seminar
GTEM Cell details
RF
absorbers
DUT Area
Septum
terminated
in 50 ohms
RF output for
emissions testing
or
RF input for
immunity testing
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Test Facilities (cont’d)
10 Meter Semi Anechoic* Chamber
This chamber uses 2 antenna
towers, one for vertical and
one for horizontal polarization.
Uses a ground plan.
Reverberation Chamber
Uses a mode stirring tuner to
generate a uniform field (no
absorption material on the walls)
*Anechoic material are made
of carbon impregnated
rubberized cones or ferrite
tiles or both
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EMC seminar
Radiated Emissions Measurements
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1. Connect the antenna
to the EMI receiver and
separate the antenna from
the DUT as specified by the
regulation requirements
2. Set the proper frequency
range and bandwidth
3. Load limit lines and
correction factors for
antenna and cable.
4. With DUT OFF, measure the ambient emissions and store them
5. Switch on the DUT and find signals above limits by using peak detector (only those
not present during the ambient scan). Rotate the DUT to maximize the emissions.
6. Measure all signals above limits with quasi-peak and average detectors
EMC seminar
1. Select the measurement range
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2. Load Corrections factors
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Amplitude at
point circled
Amplitude
referenced to
blue line
EMC seminar
3. Load Limit line
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Circle indicates
the position of
the amplitude
frequency pair
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4. Scan for signals above the limits with peak detector
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5. Quasi-peak and average measurements
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Once EMC testing becomes part of the product
strategy (THEN WHAT)
Continue to use test
houses at $$$$ per hour
Build your own facility for M$ +
OR
Purchase and setup a pre-
compliance system
X-Series signal analyzer
with N6141A /EMC app. LISN Antennas and tripod
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Pre-compliance testing
Approach Full Compliance Testing Accuracy…
At a fraction of the cost of full
compliance testing
Minimum Pre-compliance test system Pricing
Product Price
CXA Signal Analyzer to 7 GHz 16.3k USD
W6141A EMC application 4.1k USD
LISN 2.4k USD
Biconical Antenna ~5k USD
Log Periodic Antenna ~5k USD
Antenna Tripod ~0.5k USD
Total Price ~33.3k USD
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EMC seminar
Automation in Pre-compliance Measurements
Reasons for Automation
-Supplement skill and knowledge of the tester
-Measurements repeatability
-Results are presented in a common format
-Reduce test time by automating setups
Types of Automation
-Internally executed application such as N6141A
-PC based applications
Software Available
-Techcelerant, TILE from ETS Lindgren, TDK RF Solutions, Radimation
from DARE
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EMC seminar
Pre-compliance Conducted Emissions Setup
*Keep the power cord short to avoid
becoming an antenna
DUT
To Mains
DUT power cord*
X-Series Signal
Analyzer LISN
Transient
Limiter
With N6141A
EMC App
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EMC seminar
Pre-compliance Radiated Emissions Setup
DUT
Ground Plane
3 or 10 Meter distance
X-Series Signal Analyzer
with N6141A EMC App
Perform testing in both the
horizontal and vertical position
The goal is to find and record the maximum emissions from the DUT by rotating the
turn table, changing the polarization and the height of the antenna.
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Troubleshooting
Page 69
Use the close-field probe to locate the sources of the radiated signals
exceeding the limit lines
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Immunity test setup
Conducted Immunity
100 kHz – 1 GHz
Amplifiers
HF-Switch
Radiated Immunity
30 MHz – 18 GHz
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Agilent Solutions
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What is a CISPR 16-1-1 Compliant Receiver
CISPR 16-1-1 is the document that defines the
functionality of an EMI receiver
Detectors
N9038A MXE EMI receiver is CISPR 16-1-1 2010 Compliant
Frequency
response
CISPR is a subcommittee of the IEC
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EMI Receiver Requirements for Compliance
Testing of Conducted and Radiated Emissions
CISPR 16-1-1 2010
-200 Hz, 9 kHz, 120 kHz (6 dB) and 1 MHz (imp) bandwidths
-Peak, Quasi-peak, EMI average, RMS average detectors
-RF Pre-selection to meet CISPR pulse generator response
-VSWR, 0dB and ≥ 10dB input attenuation
-Amplitude Accuracy
MIL-STD 461
-Peak detection only
-MIL STD BWs (10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, 1 MHz)
N9038A MXE
Compliant
receiver
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EMC seminar
X-Series
signal
analyzer
CISPR 16
compliant
EMI receiver
What is the MXE EMI Receiver?
The Agilent MXE is more than a CISPR 16-1-1 compliant EMI
receiver
It is also an X-Series signal analyzer that can run a variety of
measurement applications
The MXE can evolve as technology changes
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EMC seminar
Agilent X-Series Signal Analyzers
Multiple instruments in one box: Swept spectrum analyzer;
FFT analyzer;
Analog and digital modulation analyzer;
Noise Figure analyzer
EMI receiver
Fastest signal analysis measurements
Broadest set of applications and demodulation capabilities
Upgradeable HW
Most advanced user interface & world-class connectivity
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“All Digital IF” Advantages
RF Section ADC IF/BB Section
on ASIC
Flexibility:
RBW filtering in 10% steps
Filters with better selectivity
Multiple operation modes (Swept, FFT, VSA, NFA)
Accuracy:
Log conversion practically ideal
No drift errors; increased repeatability
Speed:
When Swept mode is slow, go FFT
FFT
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Techniques for Reducing DANL, Improving Dynamic
Range
Reduce attenuation
Add preamp
Reduce RBW
Add external filtering
Better/shorter cables, connectors
Move analyzer closer
Time averaging (where possible, not measurement avg.)
Measurement processing (take advantage of Moore’s Law)
• Noise power subtraction/noise correction/NNC
• Noise floor extension (NFE) leverages deep knowledge of
analyzer/circuit behavior
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CW Signal Measured Near Analyzer Noise Floor
Actual S/N
Displayed
S/N
CW Signal
Apparent
Signal
This is
fundamental, and
often missed Ampl & Freq
Axes Expanded
Example: No noise subtraction or near noise correction
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Noise Floor Subtraction
Analyzer noise adds incoherently to any signal to be measured
Power calculations are performed on a linear power scale
(watts, not dBm) and results typically are shown in dBm
PobsS+N = PobsN + PS
PS = PobsS+N − PobsN
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Noise Subtraction, “Noise Floor Extension”
New technique “NFE” improves D.A.N.L.
analyzer noise power calculated/subtracted real time
3 dB error
without NFE
“No” error
Improved noise floor
or displayed average
noise level
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EMC Features standard in all X-Series Spectrum
analyzers
• Limit Lines (2000 pts)
• Amplitude correction (2000 pts)
• 40001 sweep points
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Option EMC in X-Series spectrum analyzer
CISPR 16-1-1 detectors
(to latest spec)
Quasi Peak
EMI Average (“CISPR-AVG”)
RMS Average (“CISPR-RMS”)
EMI Bandwidths (CISPR & MIL STD)
EMI Presets
Tune & Listen
Measure at Marker
EMI Peak, EMI Average, and
Quasi Peak measurements
displayed together
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Page 83
Full Featured Pre-compliance Application
Available in all X-Series models
W/N6141A EMC measurement application
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Corrections factors edit display
Page 84
Amplitude at
point circled
Amplitude
referenced to
blue line
EMC seminar
Limit line edit display
Page 85
Circle indicates
the position of
the amplitude
frequency pair
Page 86
Log Display
Peak List
Auto-detect peaks
Limit Delta
Realtime
Meters
with any 3
Simultaneous
Detectors
EMC seminar
Page 87
N6141A measurement: Frequency Scan with Log Display
Meters tune
to selected
signal
Page 88
N6141A measurement: Strip Chart
• Time record
of zero span
data scrolls
to left
• Up to three
different
detectors
• Can be used
to make
“click”
measure-
ments
Click measurements are made on home appliances
Patent
Applied
For
EMC seminar
Option EDP (Enhanced Display Package) for the SA
• Spectrogram
• Trace Zoom
• Zone Span
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Pre-compliance
Compliance
N6141A EMI Measurement Application
PXA
MXA
CXA Agilent MXE N9038A
EXA
EMC seminar
Agilent products for Immunity test (EMS)
Signal
generator 9 kHz – 3 GHz, AM, FM, Phase, Pulse IQ Modulator,
40 MHz Mod.-BW
Signal
generator
N5181B, N5182B, N5183A
9 kHz- 1,3, 6, 20, 40 GHz, AM, FM, Phase, Pulse,
optional vector, 120 MHz Mod.-BW, step , sweep,
USB-Power meter included
Power meter/
Power sensors
E441x, E191x, N8262, U200x
100 kHz – 40 GHz
single channel, dual channel, USB, peak, envelope,
pulse
Accessories Directional Couplers, cables, Adapters, Switches etc.
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EMC seminar
Solution partners for EMC
Complete solution:
1. Automation software
2. Chambers
3. GTEM
4. Antennas
5. Power amplifiers
6. Accessories
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EMC seminar
For more information about EMC solutions from Agilent please visit:
http://www.agilent.com/find/EMC
Contacts: Jan Sjogren Signal Analysis and Generation Sales Specialist E-mail: [email protected] Agilent Contact Center E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0118 927 6201 Microlease (Agilent Authorized Technology Partner) E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0208 4 205 200
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