embedded systems and its scope

8/11/2019 Embedded Systems and Its Scope

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Embedded Systems and ItsScope


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Embedded SystemEmbedded System An embedded system is a special-

purpose system in which is designedfor specific applications

Hardware is driven and controlledby software

Interface Hardware Software


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What is an Embedded System?What is an Embedded System?What is an Embedded System?What is an Embedded System?What is an Embedded System?What is an Embedded System?What is an Embedded System?What is an Embedded System?AAAA generalgeneralgeneralgeneral----purposepurposepurposepurpose definitiondefinitiondefinitiondefinition of of of of embeddedembeddedembeddedembedded systemssystemssystemssystems isisisis thatthatthatthat theytheytheythey arearearearedevicesdevicesdevicesdevices usedusedusedused totototo monitormonitormonitormonitor ,control,control,control,control orororor

,,,,machinerymachinerymachinerymachinery orororor plantplantplantplant.... EmbeddedEmbeddedEmbeddedEmbedded reflectsreflectsreflectsreflectsthethethethe factfactfactfact thatthatthatthat theytheytheythey areareareare anananan integralintegralintegralintegral partpartpartpart of of of of

thethethethe systemsystemsystemsystem....

Hardware + SoftwareHardware + SoftwareHardware + SoftwareHardware + Software


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An An An An An An An An embedded embedded embedded embedded embedded embedded embedded embedded system system system system system system system system is is is is is is is is a aa aa aa a special special special special special special special special- -- -- -- -purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose computer computer computer computer computer computer computer computer system system system system system system system system designed designed designed designed designed designed designed designed to to to to to to to to perform perform perform perform perform perform perform perform one one one one one one one one or or or or or or or or

a aa aa aa a few few few few few few few few dedicated dedicated dedicated dedicated dedicated dedicated dedicated dedicated functions,functions,functions,functions,functions,functions,functions,functions, often with real-timecomputing constraints. It is usually embeddedas part of a complete device including

ar ware an mec an ca parts. n contrast, ageneral-purpose computer, such as apersonal computer, can do many different

tasks depending on programming. EmbeddedEmbeddedEmbeddedEmbeddedsystemssystemssystemssystems controlcontrolcontrolcontrol manymanymanymany of of of of thethethethe commoncommoncommoncommon devicesdevicesdevicesdevicesinininin useuseuseuse todaytodaytodaytoday....

-- Wikipedia


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Definition

Hard to defineHard to defineHard to defineHard to define Computing systems embedded withinComputing systems embedded withinComputing systems embedded withinComputing systems embedded within

Nearly any computing system otherNearly any computing system otherNearly any computing system otherNearly any computing system otherthan a desktop computerthan a desktop computerthan a desktop computerthan a desktop computer


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General DefinitionGeneral DefinitionGeneral DefinitionGeneral Definition

Inbuilt intelligence

ses e ca e o ware

Often no real keyboard

Often limited display


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CLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMCLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMCLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMCLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

1.1.1.1. Small Scale Embedded SystemSmall Scale Embedded SystemSmall Scale Embedded SystemSmall Scale Embedded System

2.2.2.2. Medium Scale Embedded SystemMedium Scale Embedded SystemMedium Scale Embedded SystemMedium Scale Embedded System

3.3.3.3. Sophisticated Embedded SystemSophisticated Embedded SystemSophisticated Embedded SystemSophisticated Embedded System


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SMALL SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMSMALL SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMSMALL SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMSMALL SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEM Single 8 bit or 16bit Microcontroller.Single 8 bit or 16bit Microcontroller.Single 8 bit or 16bit Microcontroller.Single 8 bit or 16bit Microcontroller.

Little hardware and software complexity.Little hardware and software complexity.Little hardware and software complexity.Little hardware and software complexity.

They May even be battery operated.They May even be battery operated.They May even be battery operated.They May even be battery operated.

Usually C is used for developing these system.Usually C is used for developing these system.Usually C is used for developing these system.Usually C is used for developing these system.

The need to limit power dissipation when system is runningThe need to limit power dissipation when system is runningThe need to limit power dissipation when system is runningThe need to limit power dissipation when system is runningcontinuously.continuously.continuously.continuously.

Programming tools:Programming tools:Programming tools:Programming tools:Editor, Assembler and Cross AssemblerEditor, Assembler and Cross AssemblerEditor, Assembler and Cross AssemblerEditor, Assembler and Cross Assembler


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MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMMEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMMEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMMEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEM

SingleSingleSingleSingle orororor fewfewfewfew 16161616 orororor 32323232 bitbitbitbit microcontrollersmicrocontrollersmicrocontrollersmicrocontrollers ororororDigitalDigitalDigitalDigital SignalSignalSignalSignal ProcessorsProcessorsProcessorsProcessors (DSP)(DSP)(DSP)(DSP) orororor ReducedReducedReducedReducedInstructionsInstructionsInstructionsInstructions SetSetSetSet ComputersComputersComputersComputers (RISC)(RISC)(RISC)(RISC)....

BothBothBothBoth hardwarehardwarehardwarehardware andandandand softwaresoftwaresoftwaresoftware complexitycomplexitycomplexitycomplexity....

ProgrammingProgrammingProgrammingProgramming toolstoolstoolstools::::RTOS,RTOS,RTOS,RTOS, SourceSourceSourceSource codecodecodecode EngineeringEngineeringEngineeringEngineering Tool,Tool,Tool,Tool,

Simulator,Simulator,Simulator,Simulator, DebuggerDebuggerDebuggerDebugger andandandand IntegratedIntegratedIntegratedIntegratedDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment EnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironment (IDE)(IDE)(IDE)(IDE)....


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SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEMSOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEMSOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEMSOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEM

EnormousEnormousEnormousEnormous hardwarehardwarehardwarehardware andandandand softwaresoftwaresoftwaresoftware complexitycomplexitycomplexitycomplexity

WhichWhichWhichWhich maymaymaymay needneedneedneed scalablescalablescalablescalable processorprocessorprocessorprocessor orororor configurableconfigurableconfigurableconfigurable processorprocessorprocessorprocessor andandandandprogrammingprogrammingprogrammingprogramming logiclogiclogiclogic arraysarraysarraysarrays....

ConstrainedConstrainedConstrainedConstrained bybybyby thethethethe processingprocessingprocessingprocessing speedspeedspeedspeed availableavailableavailableavailable inininin theirtheirtheirtheir hardwarehardwarehardwarehardwareunitsunitsunitsunits....

ProgrammingProgrammingProgrammingProgramming ToolsToolsToolsTools::::ForForForFor thesethesethesethese systemssystemssystemssystems maymaymaymay notnotnotnot bebebebe readilyreadilyreadilyreadily availableavailableavailableavailable atatatat aaaa

reasonablereasonablereasonablereasonable costcostcostcost orororor maymaymaymay notnotnotnot bebebebe availableavailableavailableavailable atatatat allallallall.... AAAA compilercompilercompilercompiler ororororretargetableretargetableretargetableretargetable compilercompilercompilercompiler mightmightmightmight havehavehavehave totototo brbrbrbr developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped forforforfor thisthisthisthis....


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Embedded System SegmentsEmbedded System SegmentsEmbedded System SegmentsEmbedded System Segments1.1.1.1. MicroprocessorMicroprocessorMicroprocessorMicroprocessor

....3. DSP3. DSP3. DSP3. DSP4. DCS4. DCS4. DCS4. DCS5. VHDL5. VHDL5. VHDL5. VHDL


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GENERAL MICROCOMPUTER ARCHITECTUREGENERAL MICROCOMPUTER ARCHITECTUREGENERAL MICROCOMPUTER ARCHITECTUREGENERAL MICROCOMPUTER ARCHITECTUREMEMORYMEMORYMEMORYMEMORY

UNITUNITUNITUNIT

CONTROL

UNIT

ALU

INPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTUNITUNITUNITUNIT

OUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTUNITUNITUNITUNIT

CONTROLCONTROLCONTROLCONTROLUNITUNITUNITUNIT

ALUALUALUALU


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EMBEDDED PROCESSOREMBEDDED PROCESSOREMBEDDED PROCESSOREMBEDDED PROCESSOR SpecialSpecialSpecialSpecial microprocessorsmicroprocessorsmicroprocessorsmicroprocessors &&&& microcontrollersmicrocontrollersmicrocontrollersmicrocontrollers

oftenoftenoftenoften called,called,called,called, EmbeddedEmbeddedEmbeddedEmbedded processorsprocessorsprocessorsprocessors. ...

processingprocessingprocessingprocessing fastfastfastfast contextcontextcontextcontext----switchingswitchingswitchingswitching &&&& atomicatomicatomicatomic ALUALUALUALUoperationsoperationsoperationsoperations areareareare neededneededneededneeded. ...

Examples : ARM 7, INTEL i960, AMD 29050.Examples : ARM 7, INTEL i960, AMD 29050.Examples : ARM 7, INTEL i960, AMD 29050.Examples : ARM 7, INTEL i960, AMD 29050.


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Embedded DevelopmentsEmbedded DevelopmentsEmbedded DevelopmentsEmbedded Developments

crocon ro ercrocontro ercrocontro ercrocon ro ercroprocessorcroprocessorcroprocessorcroprocessor


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PROCESSORPROCESSORPROCESSORPROCESSOR AAAA ProcessorProcessorProcessorProcessor isisisis thethethethe heartheartheartheart of of of of thethethethe EmbeddedEmbeddedEmbeddedEmbedded

SystemSystemSystemSystem....

ForForForFor anananan embeddedembeddedembeddedembedded systemsystemsystemsystem designerdesignerdesignerdesigner knowledgeknowledgeknowledgeknowledge of of of of

microprocessormicroprocessormicroprocessormicroprocessor andandandand microcontrollermicrocontrollermicrocontrollermicrocontroller isisisis mustmustmustmust....

TwoTwoTwoTwo EssentialEssentialEssentialEssential UnitsUnitsUnitsUnits:::: OperationsOperationsOperationsOperationsControlControlControlControl UnitUnitUnitUnit (CU),(CU),(CU),(CU), FetchFetchFetchFetchExecutionExecutionExecutionExecution UnitUnitUnitUnit (EU)(EU)(EU)(EU) ExecuteExecuteExecuteExecute


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VARIOUS PROCESSORVARIOUS PROCESSORVARIOUS PROCESSORVARIOUS PROCESSOR1. General Purpose processor (GPP)1. General Purpose processor (GPP)1. General Purpose processor (GPP)1. General Purpose processor (GPP)

MicroprocessorMicroprocessorMicroprocessorMicroprocessorMicrocontrollerMicrocontrollerMicrocontrollerMicrocontrollerEmbedded ProcessorEmbedded ProcessorEmbedded ProcessorEmbedded Processor

Digital signal ProcessorDigital signal ProcessorDigital signal ProcessorDigital signal Processor

2. Application Specific System Processor2. Application Specific System Processor2. Application Specific System Processor2. Application Specific System Processor

(ASSP)(ASSP)(ASSP)(ASSP)

3. Multi Processor System using GPPs3. Multi Processor System using GPPs3. Multi Processor System using GPPs3. Multi Processor System using GPPs


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MICROPROCESSORMICROPROCESSORMICROPROCESSORMICROPROCESSOR

AAAA microprocessormicroprocessormicroprocessormicroprocessor isisisis aaaa singlesinglesinglesingle chipchipchipchip semisemisemisemi conductorconductorconductorconductordevicedevicedevicedevice alsoalsoalsoalso whichwhichwhichwhich isisisis aaaa computercomputercomputercomputer onononon chip,chip,chip,chip, butbutbutbut notnotnotnot aaaacompletecompletecompletecomplete computercomputercomputercomputer. ...

ItsItsItsIts CPUCPUCPUCPU containscontainscontainscontains anananan ALU,ALU,ALU,ALU, aaaa programprogramprogramprogram counter,counter,counter,counter, aaaastackstackstackstack pointer,pointer,pointer,pointer, somesomesomesome workingworkingworkingworking register,register,register,register, aaaa clockclockclockclocktimingtimingtimingtiming circuitcircuitcircuitcircuit andandandand interruptinterruptinterruptinterrupt circuitcircuitcircuitcircuit onononon aaaa singlesinglesinglesingle chipchipchipchip....

ToToToTo makemakemakemake completecompletecompletecomplete micromicromicromicro computer,computer,computer,computer, oneoneoneone mustmustmustmust addaddaddaddmemorymemorymemorymemory usuallyusuallyusuallyusually ROMROMROMROM andandandand RAM,RAM,RAM,RAM, memorymemorymemorymemorydecoder,decoder,decoder,decoder, anananan oscillatoroscillatoroscillatoroscillator andandandand aaaa numbernumbernumbernumber of of of of serialserialserialserial andandandand

parallelparallelparallelparallel portsportsportsports....


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VARIOUS MICROPROCESSORSVARIOUS MICROPROCESSORSVARIOUS MICROPROCESSORSVARIOUS MICROPROCESSORSIntelIntelIntelIntel

4004, 40404004, 40404004, 40404004, 4040

8080, 80858080, 80858080, 80858080, 80858086, 8088,8086, 8088,8086, 8088,8086, 8088,80186, 8018880186, 8018880186, 8018880186, 8018880286, 8038680286, 8038680286, 8038680286, 80386

ZilogZilogZilogZilog

Z80, Z180, eZ80Z80, Z180, eZ80Z80, Z180, eZ80Z80, Z180, eZ80Z8, eZ8Z8, eZ8Z8, eZ8Z8, eZ8and othersand othersand othersand others

---- ,,,,

Pentium 1,2,3,4 Pentium 1,2,3,4 Pentium 1,2,3,4 Pentium 1,2,3,4 MotorolaMotorolaMotorolaMotorola

6800680068006800680968096809680968000680006800068000G3, G4, G5G3, G4, G5G3, G4, G5G3, G4, G5


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Project Development Using MicroprocessorProject Development Using MicroprocessorProject Development Using MicroprocessorProject Development Using MicroprocessorProgrammableProgrammableProgrammableProgrammable

PeripheralPeripheralPeripheralPeripheralInterfaceInterfaceInterfaceInterface

(PPI) 8255(PPI) 8255(PPI) 8255(PPI) 8255

KeyboardKeyboardKeyboardKeyboardInterfaceInterfaceInterfaceInterface

8279827982798279

Direct MemoryDirect MemoryDirect MemoryDirect MemoryAccessAccessAccessAccess

ControllerControllerControllerController

8259825982598259

MicroprocessorMicroprocessorMicroprocessorMicroprocessor8085808580858085

CPU CPU CPU CPU

RAMRAMRAMRAM7414, 74127414, 74127414, 74127414, 7412

USARTUSARTUSARTUSART16C55016C55016C55016C550

Timer ICTimer ICTimer ICTimer IC

8253825382538253

ROMROMROMROM

8741874187418741

InterruptsInterruptsInterruptsInterrupts

8214821482148214


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VARIOUS MICROCONTROLLERSVARIOUS MICROCONTROLLERSVARIOUS MICROCONTROLLERSVARIOUS MICROCONTROLLERSINTEL

8031,8032,8051,8052,8751,8752

PIC

8-bit PIC16, PIC18,16-bit DSPIC33 / PIC24,PIC16C7x

MotorolaMC68HC11


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MicrocontrollerMicrocontroller


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Project Development Using MicrocontrollerProject Development Using MicrocontrollerProject Development Using MicrocontrollerProject Development Using Microcontroller

MicrocontrollerMicrocontrollerMicrocontrollerMicrocontroller

PIC16F877APIC16F877APIC16F877APIC16F877ACPU CPU CPU CPU

Timer /Timer /Timer /Timer /CounterCounterCounterCounter

3333

I/O portsI/O portsI/O portsI/O ports33 lines33 lines33 lines33 lines

ADCADCADCADC8 Channel8 Channel8 Channel8 Channel

10 bit10 bit10 bit10 bit

AdditionalAdditionalAdditionalAdditionalFeaturesFeaturesFeaturesFeatures

USART, SPI,USART, SPI,USART, SPI,USART, SPI,I2C, PWM,I2C, PWM,I2C, PWM,I2C, PWM,

ICSPICSPICSPICSP

ROMROMROMROM

8K8K8K8K

RAMRAMRAMRAM

368 Bytes368 Bytes368 Bytes368 Bytes

EEPROMEEPROMEEPROMEEPROM

256 Bytes256 Bytes256 Bytes256 Bytes


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OTHER HARDWAREOTHER HARDWAREOTHER HARDWAREOTHER HARDWARE Power SourcePower SourcePower SourcePower Source

Clock OscillatorClock OscillatorClock OscillatorClock Oscillator

Real Time Clock (RTC)Real Time Clock (RTC)Real Time Clock (RTC)Real Time Clock (RTC)

Reset Circuit, PowerReset Circuit, PowerReset Circuit, PowerReset Circuit, Power----up Reset and watchdog timer Resetup Reset and watchdog timer Resetup Reset and watchdog timer Resetup Reset and watchdog timer Reset

MemoryMemoryMemoryMemory

I/O Ports, I/O BusesI/O Ports, I/O BusesI/O Ports, I/O BusesI/O Ports, I/O Buses

Interrupt HandlerInterrupt HandlerInterrupt HandlerInterrupt Handler

DAC and ADCDAC and ADCDAC and ADCDAC and ADC

LCD and LED DisplayLCD and LED DisplayLCD and LED DisplayLCD and LED Display

Keypad/KeyboardKeypad/KeyboardKeypad/KeyboardKeypad/Keyboard


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SOFTWARESIMULATORSIMULATORSIMULATORSIMULATOR

MasmMasmMasmMasm

SOFTWARESOFTWARESOFTWARESOFTWARE

CCCCC++C++C++C++Dot NetDot NetDot NetDot Net

COMPILERCOMPILERCOMPILERCOMPILER

RIDERIDERIDERIDEKEILKEILKEILKEIL


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Example of Embedded System


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Household appliances:Household appliances:Household appliances:Household appliances:

Microwave ovens, Television, DVDMicrowave ovens, Television, DVDMicrowave ovens, Television, DVDMicrowave ovens, Television, DVDPlayers & RecordersPlayers & RecordersPlayers & RecordersPlayers & RecordersAudio playersAudio playersAudio playersAudio players

Integrated systems in aircrafts andIntegrated systems in aircrafts andIntegrated systems in aircrafts andIntegrated systems in aircrafts and

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

Cellular telephonesCellular telephonesCellular telephonesCellular telephones

Electric and Electronic Motor controllersElectric and Electronic Motor controllersElectric and Electronic Motor controllersElectric and Electronic Motor controllers

Engine controllers in automobilesEngine controllers in automobilesEngine controllers in automobilesEngine controllers in automobiles

CalculatorsCalculatorsCalculatorsCalculators

Medical equipmentsMedical equipmentsMedical equipmentsMedical equipments

VideogamesVideogamesVideogamesVideogames

Digital musical instruments, etc.Digital musical instruments, etc.Digital musical instruments, etc.Digital musical instruments, etc.


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Traffic Signal


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MP3 PLAYER


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CAR


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Examples


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Examples Air conditioner ATM machine Battery charger

Navigation system PDA Photocopier Digital camera

DVD player Fax machine Home security system Mobile phone Modem

Router Scanner TV

Video game console Wearable computer


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Designed to do a specific task.

Simplified system hardware.Less costly.

In the form of small computerized parts inlarger devices.

Required limited computer hardwareresources.Little memory and small keyboard orscreen .


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MP3 players Mobile phones GPS receivers Printers Programmable data terminal o e one Home Appliances Satellites Communications Automotive automatic braking Military applications Missile guidance systems Industrial applications Robotics


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Embedded System SegmentsEmbedded System SegmentsEmbedded System SegmentsEmbedded System SegmentsEMBEDDED AUTOMATIONS INEMBEDDED AUTOMATIONS INEMBEDDED AUTOMATIONS INEMBEDDED AUTOMATIONS INEVERY YEAREVERY YEAREVERY YEAREVERY YEAR

MP MC DSP DCSMP MC DSP DCSMP MC DSP DCSMP MC DSP DCS


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Market is here!

Source: BCC, IncSource: BCC, IncSource: BCC, IncSource: BCC, Inc


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History In the earliest years of

computers in 1930 40s, computers weresometimes dedicated

task.

One of the firstrecognizably modern

embedded systemwas the ApolloGuidance Computer,developed by CharlesStark Draper at theMIT InstrumentationLaborator .


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History Since these early applications in

the 1960s, embedded systemshave come down in price andthere has been a dramatic rise in

rocessin ower and functionalit .

The first microprocessor forexample, the Intel 4004 wasdesigned for calculators and othersmall systems but still requiredmany external memory andsupport chips.


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History By the mid-1980s, most of the

common previously external systemcomponents had been integratedinto the same chip as the processorand this modern form of the

microcontroller allowed an evenmore widespread use, which by theend of the decade were the normrather than the exception for almostall electronics devices.


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Characteristics (1/4) Special-purpose

Typically, is designedto execute a single

, It used to be single-

purpose Now, multi-functioned,

but single-purpose Tactic and Strategy


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Characteristics (2/4) Tightly constrained

Low cost Simple systems Fewer components

based Performs functions

fast enough Minimum power


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Characteristics (3/4) Reactive and real-

time Reactive: Continually

reac s o ex ernaevents

Real-time: Mustcompute certain

results in real-time


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Characteristics (4/4) Hardware and software

co-exist The software written for

em e e sys ems soften called firmware

Is stored in read-onlymemory or Flash memory

chips rather than a diskdrive


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Embedded system designEmbedded system designEmbedded system designEmbedded system designEmbedded system designEmbedded system designEmbedded system designEmbedded system designrequirement requirement requirement requirement requirement requirement requirement requirement

Computer design requirement System-level requirement


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Challenges and Issues inEmbedded Software Development


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Embedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemDevelopment ProcessDevelopment ProcessDevelopment ProcessDevelopment ProcessDevelopment ProcessDevelopment ProcessDevelopment ProcessDevelopment Process

Determine the requirements of the embedded system

Desi n the s stem architecture

Select the operating system Choose the processor and the associatedperipherals

Choose the development platform

Code the application and optimize the codeaccording to code optimization guidelines Verify the software on the host system Verify the software on the target system


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Embedded ToolsEmbedded ToolsEmbedded ToolsEmbedded ToolsEmbedded ToolsEmbedded ToolsEmbedded ToolsEmbedded Tools Cross Assembler / Compiler Linker Simulator In Circuit Emulator


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SIMULATORSIMULATORSIMULATORSIMULATOR


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Embedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemDevelopment IDEDevelopment IDEDevelopment IDEDevelopment IDEDevelopment IDEDevelopment IDEDevelopment IDEDevelopment IDE[ Integrated Development Environment ][ Integrated Development Environment ][ Integrated Development Environment ][ Integrated Development Environment ][ Integrated Development Environment ][ Integrated Development Environment ][ Integrated Development Environment ][ Integrated Development Environment ]

----CCS C COMPILERCCS C COMPILERCCS C COMPILERCCS C COMPILER ---- PIC 12,14,16,18PIC 12,14,16,18PIC 12,14,16,18PIC 12,14,16,18CODE VISION STUDIOCODE VISION STUDIOCODE VISION STUDIOCODE VISION STUDIO ---- AVR ATMEGAAVR ATMEGAAVR ATMEGAAVR ATMEGA

CODE COMPOSER STUDIOCODE COMPOSER STUDIOCODE COMPOSER STUDIOCODE COMPOSER STUDIO ---- TMS 20XXTMS 20XXTMS 20XXTMS 20XX


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MP LAB - IDE


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MPLABMPLABMPLABMPLABMPLABMPLABMPLABMPLAB -------- IDEIDEIDEIDEIDEIDEIDEIDE MPLAB IDE is a software program thatMPLAB IDE is a software program thatMPLAB IDE is a software program thatMPLAB IDE is a software program that

runs on a PC to develop applications forruns on a PC to develop applications forruns on a PC to develop applications forruns on a PC to develop applications forusing Microchip microcontrollers. It isusing Microchip microcontrollers. It isusing Microchip microcontrollers. It isusing Microchip microcontrollers. It is

Environment, or IDE.Environment, or IDE.Environment, or IDE.Environment, or IDE.


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Components of MPLAB IDEComponents of MPLAB IDEComponents of MPLAB IDEComponents of MPLAB IDEComponents of MPLAB IDEComponents of MPLAB IDEComponents of MPLAB IDEComponents of MPLAB IDE

Project ManagerProject ManagerProject ManagerProject Manager----EditorEditorEditorEditor Assembler/Linker and LanguageAssembler/Linker and LanguageAssembler/Linker and LanguageAssembler/Linker and Language

DebuggerDebuggerDebuggerDebugger SimulatorSimulatorSimulatorSimulator

Compiler Language ToolsCompiler Language ToolsCompiler Language ToolsCompiler Language Tools ProgrammersProgrammersProgrammersProgrammers

InInInIn----Circuit DebuggerCircuit DebuggerCircuit DebuggerCircuit Debugger


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Project DevelopmentProject DevelopmentProject DevelopmentProject DevelopmentProject DevelopmentProject DevelopmentProject DevelopmentProject Development

Low level languages: Assemblylanguage, ,

microcontroller assembly codes aretransparent to the user

C easily portable may require lot of memory space


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C CompilerC CompilerC CompilerC Compiler


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Fields of Embedded SystemFields of Embedded SystemFields of Embedded SystemFields of Embedded System MARKET SEGMENTATIONMARKET SEGMENTATIONMARKET SEGMENTATIONMARKET SEGMENTATION Chemical industryChemical industryChemical industryChemical industry Cement industryCement industryCement industryCement industry Nuclear Power industryNuclear Power industryNuclear Power industryNuclear Power industry erma ower n ustryerma ower n ustryerma ower n ustryerma ower n ustry Hydro Power industryHydro Power industryHydro Power industryHydro Power industry Pulp and Paper industryPulp and Paper industryPulp and Paper industryPulp and Paper industry

Glass Manufacturing industryGlass Manufacturing industryGlass Manufacturing industryGlass Manufacturing industry Sugar IndustrySugar IndustrySugar IndustrySugar Industry Aluminum PlantAluminum PlantAluminum PlantAluminum Plant

Steel PlantSteel PlantSteel PlantSteel Plant


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Fields of Embedded SystemFields of Embedded SystemFields of Embedded SystemFields of Embedded System Machine Control ApplicationsMachine Control ApplicationsMachine Control ApplicationsMachine Control Applications Building Management SystemsBuilding Management SystemsBuilding Management SystemsBuilding Management Systems Textile industryTextile industryTextile industryTextile industry e ecommun ca on n us rye ecommun cat on n ustrye ecommun cat on n ustrye ecommun ca on n us ry Biomedical industryBiomedical industryBiomedical industryBiomedical industry Fertilizer industryFertilizer industryFertilizer industryFertilizer industry Automobile industryAutomobile industryAutomobile industryAutomobile industry Toys industryToys industryToys industryToys industry Consumer Electronics industryConsumer Electronics industryConsumer Electronics industryConsumer Electronics industry Aeronautical industryAeronautical industryAeronautical industryAeronautical industry


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Crafts on Lego NXT


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3.5 million jobs by 2015, but talent missing3.5 million jobs by 2015, but talent missing3.5 million jobs by 2015, but talent missing3.5 million jobs by 2015, but talent missing

According to an ISA-Ernst & Young report of 2011, this industrywas about $6.5 billion in 2009 and is expected to log a compoundannual growth rate of 17.3 per cent to reach $10.6 billion in 2012.

The report also suggests that the industry promises 3.5 million jobsby 2015. But unfortunately, the industry is grappling with theproblem of talent shortage.

Embedded software segment now offers more high-value activitiesrelating to middleware, driver design and associated applications.The main reason for increased adoption of embedded software isits use by electronics companies for increased device functionality,reduced time-to-market and reduction in costs.


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Raw talent: key challenge for companiesRaw talent: key challenge for companiesRaw talent: key challenge for companiesRaw talent: key challenge for companies

Several engineering universities in the country are farfrom understanding the requirements of the industryand train the students accordingly.

This has resulted into two extremes, where on onehand the industry needs talent and on the other handthere is an abundance of engineers who have notbeen trained in necessary skills.

Industry veterans term these engineers as raw talentand training to make them productive is a keychallenge for them.


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Companies face a tough time trying to recruit the right set ofpeople. There are certain portions in the entire embeddedecosystem where generic electronics knowledge will help.Hardware design is one example. But then there are certain

other segments, which require a good experience in devicedriver, software amplification, etc. The industry is missing thistalent big time.


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RolesRolesRolesRoles availableavailableavailableavailable Embedded engineers write the software that controls the VLSI chips.

Embedded software can be any code which interacts with the hardwarelayer, ranging from the hardware abstraction layer, device drivers,kernel programming to application programming.

To take up embedded software development as career, you needto have a working knowledge of C, C++ and Java, with someexposure to application software development. If you havealready done some programming for an embedded system, you

can expand your horizons by broadening your skill sets


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Embedded software is being developed using a variety ofembedded and real-time operating systems, such as embeddedNT, Windows CE and RTLinux. In addition, a variety ofdevelopment tools and IDEs for C, C++ and Java are available.You need to learn application development in these variousenvironments.

To be a successful programmer, you need a goodunderstanding of design alternativeshow to choose aprocessor, an operating system, a programming language sothat you can develop cost-effective, reliable embedded softwarewith minimal development time. As many of the systems

become network enabled, a working knowledge of networkprogramming is also important. Also, you need to be aware ofthe diversity of application areas and the specific requirementsof each.


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As a hardware/board designer, you could work on referenceboard design, new board design, and board design derivativesand modifications on existing boards. Reference boards areused to validate the capabilities of designed silicon chips.

The embedded hardware designer is responsible for hardwaredesign schematic , PCB layout, BOM creation, hardwareboard debugging and testing, and system integration testing.Desired skills are hardware design using 8-/16-/32-bitmicrocontrollers, microprocessor-based systems, design ofmedium-frequency boards, hardware design of analogue ,mixed signal and digital, and understanding/ implementation

of the EMI and EMC concepts to hardware design.


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Desired qualifications andDesired qualifications andDesired qualifications andDesired qualifications and skill setskill setskill setskill set The minimum requirement is a bachelors/ masters degree in

engineering with specialisation in electronics and electrical orcomputer science. But it is preferable for a candidate to have somehardware integration experience, good software coding skills and

e a y o ea w an eve op a gor ms o so ve pro ems.

Today, universities are offering special streams like software designand engineering, microelectronics and automotive embeddedsystem. It is a great idea to undergo such a course as it will provide

the requisite industry knowledge in the field you want to pursue acareer.


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VERY IMPORTANTOne important thing to remember though,is that you should not think about yourselfas only a software guy or a hardware guy.Rather, see yourself as more of a systemsperson. You should be versatile enough tobe able to take risks and challenges when

troubleshooting a problem at the boardmoving between hardware and softwareareas.


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CareerCareerCareerCareer growth over timegrowth over timegrowth over timegrowth over time As you gain experience and knowledge, you will be required

to work more independently making decisions, developing

designs and solving problems. With further experience, youmay become a technical specialist or supervisor in a team ofengineers or technicians. Eventually, you may become an

completely technical domain.

As a fresher you might typecast yourself into a certain role.Later on, this boundary has to blur totally. You have to startunderstanding both hardware and software, device drivers,register mapping and application software development.


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Also, as embedded system is part of many applications, youhave to figure out the domain knowledge. For example, if youare working on embedded systems for telecom applications,you should be able to find out the user experience and withbetter creativity decide which layout or colour will look better.You start becoming a system architect finally.

,lot of embedded work is going on. Industrial and medicalapplications, which were lagging behind, are also makingsignificant improvements. As a professional, you can switchfrom one vertical to another as you gain knowledge of how anembedded system works. One added advantage here will beknowing the particular vertical requirements and applying therelated skill set.


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CETPA in News


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Future of Embedded Technology


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Companies

SAMSUNG ST ELECTRONICS APPLE MOTOROLA

DRDOAND MANY MORE..


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UESTIONS PLEASE


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embedded systems and its scope

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