Elements and BondsWhy the Periodic Families are

so important!!

Classification of ElementsMetals• Most elements are metals (91)• Good conductors of heat and electricity• Ductile (wires) and malleable (shaped or formed)• Examples: Lithium, Calcium, Iron, Silver,

Aluminum• Lose Electrons when combining with other

elements

Iron

Aluminum

Silver

Calcium

Lithium

Continued…• Nonmetals• All non metals are found on the right side except for

Hydrogen.• Solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature• Poor conductors of heat and electricity• Most are not shiny• Examples: Hydrogen, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon• Gain or share electrons when bonding with other elements

HydrogenSulfur

Nitrogen

Carbon

Oxygen

Continued• Metalloids/Semiconductors• Share properties of metals and nonmetals• Can conduct electricity under certain circumstances• Used in many electronics• Examples: Bismuth, Silicon, Germanium• Can lose or gain electrons in moderation with other

elements

Bismuth SiliconGermanium

Inert Gases• Do not lose or gain electrons easily• Already are stable elements• Noble Gases

Element Song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPq3SEteEJc

Valence Electrons• Electrons found in the outermost shell of an

element• 8 valence electrons are ideal and make an

element stable• Elements lose or gain electrons when bonding• Bonding between elements creates compounds• Example:• Hydrogen H+ Oxygen O= H2O

Ionic BondsMetals and Non Metals

• Elements bond so that they are stable• Positive and negative charges combine in an ionic

bond• Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in water• Example:• Sodium Na+ Chlorine Cl= NaCl• Sodium has a +1 charge and Chlorine has a -7, total of 8• Chlorine takes sodium's electron and together they make NaCl

Covalent BondsNon Metals and Non Metals• Share electrons between each other to reach 8• Can be solids, liquids or gases• Can be polar or non polar• Polar- unequal sharing of electrons• Non polar- electrons shared equally

• Example: Nitrogen N + Hydrogen H= NH3