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Elements and BondsWhy the Periodic Families are
so important!!
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Classification of ElementsMetals• Most elements are metals (91)• Good conductors of heat and electricity• Ductile (wires) and malleable (shaped or formed)• Examples: Lithium, Calcium, Iron, Silver,
Aluminum• Lose Electrons when combining with other
elements
Iron
Aluminum
Silver
Calcium
Lithium
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Continued…• Nonmetals• All non metals are found on the right side except for
Hydrogen.• Solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature• Poor conductors of heat and electricity• Most are not shiny• Examples: Hydrogen, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon• Gain or share electrons when bonding with other elements
HydrogenSulfur
Nitrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
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Continued• Metalloids/Semiconductors• Share properties of metals and nonmetals• Can conduct electricity under certain circumstances• Used in many electronics• Examples: Bismuth, Silicon, Germanium• Can lose or gain electrons in moderation with other
elements
Bismuth SiliconGermanium
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Inert Gases• Do not lose or gain electrons easily• Already are stable elements• Noble Gases
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Element Song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPq3SEteEJc
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Valence Electrons• Electrons found in the outermost shell of an
element• 8 valence electrons are ideal and make an
element stable• Elements lose or gain electrons when bonding• Bonding between elements creates compounds• Example:• Hydrogen H+ Oxygen O= H2O
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Ionic BondsMetals and Non Metals
• Elements bond so that they are stable• Positive and negative charges combine in an ionic
bond• Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in water• Example:• Sodium Na+ Chlorine Cl= NaCl• Sodium has a +1 charge and Chlorine has a -7, total of 8• Chlorine takes sodium's electron and together they make NaCl
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Covalent BondsNon Metals and Non Metals• Share electrons between each other to reach 8• Can be solids, liquids or gases• Can be polar or non polar• Polar- unequal sharing of electrons• Non polar- electrons shared equally
• Example: Nitrogen N + Hydrogen H= NH3