electron filling power point

8/14/2019 Electron Filling Power Point

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Electron Configuration andElectron Configuration and

the Periodic Tablethe Periodic TableBook Reference:Book Reference:

Section 3, Chapter 3Section 3, Chapter 3


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The Puzzle of the Atom

Protons and electrons are attracted to each

other because of opposite charges

Electrically charged particles moving in a

curved path give off energy

Despite these facts, atoms dont collapse


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The electronThe electron

What is an electron?What is an electron?

How does it behave or function?How does it behave or function?

What evidence do we have for theWhat evidence do we have for theexistence of the electron?existence of the electron?


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Discovery of the Electron

In 1897, J.J. Thomson used a cathode ray tubeto deduce the presence of a negatively chargedparticle.

Cathode ray tubes pass electricity through a gasthat is contained at a very low pressure.


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Wave-Particle DualityJJ Thomson won the Nobel prize for describing the

electron as a particle.His son, George Thomson won the Nobel prize fordescribing the wave-like nature of the electron.

Theelectron isa particle!

Theelectron isan energy

wave!


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The Wave-like Electron

Louis deBroglie

The electron propagatesthrough space as an energywave. To understand the

atom, one must understandthe behavior of

electromagnetic waves.


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c = C = speed of light, a constant (3.00 x 108 m/s)

= frequency, in units of hertz (hz, sec-1) = wavelength, in meters

Electromagnetic radiation propagatesthrough space as a wave moving at the

speed of light.


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Types of electromagnetic radiation:


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E = h

EE= Energy, in units of Joules (kgm= Energy, in units of Joules (kgm22/s/s22))

hh= Plancks constant (6.626 x 10-34 Js)= Plancks constant (6.626 x 10-34 Js)

= frequency, in units of hertz (hz, sec= frequency, in units of hertz (hz, sec-1-1))

The energy (E) of electromagneticradiation is directly proportional to thefrequency () of the radiation.


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LongWavelength

=Low Frequency

=Low ENERGY

ShortWavelength

=High Frequency

=

High ENERGY

Wavelength Table


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produces all of the colors in a continuous spectrum

Spectroscopic analysis of the visible spectrum


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produces a bright line spectrum

Spectroscopic analysis of the hydrogen

spectrum


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Absorption and Emission of EnergyAbsorption and Emission of Energy


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Electron OrbitalsElectron Orbitals

How are electrons arranged around theHow are electrons arranged around the

nucleus of an atom?nucleus of an atom?

What do these arrangements look like?What do these arrangements look like?


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One way to think about orbitals is to thinkOne way to think about orbitals is to think

of them as rooms within a house.of them as rooms within a house.

The house is all of the electrons in anThe house is all of the electrons in an

atom, with the rooms being where theatom, with the rooms being where the

electrons are located.electrons are located.

In the quantum model, the rooms areIn the quantum model, the rooms are

represented with letters.represented with letters.


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Electron Energy Level (Shell)

Generally symbolized by n, it denotes theprobable distance of the electron from thenucleus.

Number of electronsthat can fit in a shell:

2n2


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322

6

10

14

1

3

5

7

S

P

D

F

4

182

6

10

1

3

5

S

P

D

3

82

6

1

3

S

p

2221S1

Number ofelectrons permain energylevel (2n2)

Number ofElectronsper sublevel

Number oforbitals persublevel

Sublevels inmain energylevel (nsublevels)

EnergyLevel(n)

Energy Levels, Sublevels, Electrons


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The sorbital has a spherical shape centered aroundthe origin of the three axes in space.

sorbital shape

The s orbital can

hold 2 electrons


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There are three dumbbell-shapedporbitals ineach energy level above n = 1, each assigned toits own axis (x, y and z) in space.

Porbital shape

The p orbitals

can hold up to 6electrons


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Things get a bit morecomplicated with the five d

orbitals that are found inthe dsublevels beginningwith n = 3. To rememberthe shapes, think of doubledumbells

and a dumbellwith a donut!

dorbital shapes

The d orbitals can hold10 electrons


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Shape of f orbitals

The f orbitals can hold 14 electrons.


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One way to think about orbitals is to thinkOne way to think about orbitals is to think

of them as rooms within a house.of them as rooms within a house.

The house is all of the electrons in anThe house is all of the electrons in an

atom, with the rooms being where theatom, with the rooms being where the

electrons are located.electrons are located.

In the quantum model, the rooms areIn the quantum model, the rooms are

represented with letters.represented with letters.


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Electron ConfigurationElectron Configuration Remember to start at theRemember to start at the

beginning(1s) of each arrow,beginning(1s) of each arrow,and then follow it all of the wayand then follow it all of the wayto the end, filling in theto the end, filling in thesublevels that it passessublevels that it passesthrough. In other words, thethrough. In other words, the

order for filling in the sublevelsorder for filling in the sublevelsbecomes; 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p,becomes; 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p,4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f,4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f,5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d,7p.5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d,7p.

Note: the diagram in your bookNote: the diagram in your bookis different, but the process isis different, but the process is

the same.the same.


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How to Write ElectronHow to Write Electron

ConfigurationsConfigurations

1.1. Find the number of electrons in yourFind the number of electrons in yourelementelement

2.2. Use the orbital filling diagram(top of pageUse the orbital filling diagram(top of page

98 in your book) to place electrons until98 in your book) to place electrons untilyouve reached the total number ofyouve reached the total number ofelectrons for your element.electrons for your element.

3.3. Check to make sure the number ofCheck to make sure the number ofelectrons used equals the numberelectrons used equals the numberneeded to place.needed to place.


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Forms of Electron ConfigurationForms of Electron Configuration

Use manganese, Mn, and give theUse manganese, Mn, and give the

following informationfollowing informationElectron configurationElectron configuration

Orbital NotationOrbital Notation

Noble gas notationNoble gas notation


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Orbital filling table


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Element Identification and ElectronElement Identification and Electron

ConfigurationConfiguration An element has the following electronAn element has the following electron

configuration: 1sconfiguration: 1s222s2s222p2p663s3s223p3p55

What is the symbol of the element?What is the symbol of the element?

What is the highest energy level occupied by anWhat is the highest energy level occupied by anelectron?electron?

How many electrons are in that energy level?How many electrons are in that energy level?

What is the orbital notation for this element?What is the orbital notation for this element?What is the Noble gas configuration for thisWhat is the Noble gas configuration for this

element?element?


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Exit QuestionsExit Questions

What evidence is there for the existence ofWhat evidence is there for the existence of

electrons?electrons?

What evidence exists for the existence ofWhat evidence exists for the existence of

electrons in discrete regions around theelectrons in discrete regions around the

nucleus?nucleus?

Describe the process for giving theDescribe the process for giving the

electron configuration for potassium(K).electron configuration for potassium(K).

electron filling power point

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