ELETROLYTES

Presented By M.ARUNKUMAR

11BBC002

Electrolytes are substances that become ions in solution and acquire the capacity

to conduct electricity.

Electrolytes are present in the human body, Common electrolytes in our body are

sodium, potassium, chloride.

Balance of the electrolytes in our bodies is essential for normal function of our

cells and our organs.

Excess electrolytes are excreted in the urine.

They regulates the total amount of water in the body.

Many processes in the body, especially in the brain, nervous system, and muscles

require electrolytes for communication.

INTRODUCTION

Electrolyte analyzer is an instrument used for analysing electrolytes, such as Na,

K, and Cl.

This system employs crown ether membrane electrodes for sodium and

potassium and a molecular oriented PVC membrane for chloride that is

specific for each ion in the sample.

An electrical potential is developed according to the concentration of

specific ion.

When compared to an internal reference, this electrical potential is

translated into voltage and then into the ion concentration of the sample

ELECTROLYTE

ANALYZER

ELETROLYTE ANALYZER

SODIUM :

Sodium is the major positive ion in fluid outside of cells.When combined with

chloride, the resulting substance is table salt. Too much or too little sodium therefore can

cause cells to death. The normal serum range for chloride is 136 – 146 mmol/L.

HYPERNATREMIA :

It blood occurs whenever there is excess sodium in relation to water. There are

numerous causes of hypernatremia, include kidney disease, and loss of water due to diarrhea

or vomiting.

HYPONATREMIA :

It is decreased concentration of sodium of body water. This happens with some

diseases of the liver and kidney, in patients with heart failure.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

POTASSIUM :

Potassium is the major positive ion found inside of cells. The proper level of

potassium is essential for normal cell function. It regulates the heartbeat and the function

of the muscles.

The normal serum range for chloride is 3.6 – 5.1 mmol/L.

HYPERKALEMIA :

Increased potassium is known as hyperkalemia. Potassium is normally excreted

by the kidneys, so disorders that decrease the function of the kidneys can result in

hyperkalemia.

HYPOKALEMIA :

can arise due to kidney diseases; excessive loss due to heavy

sweating, vomiting or diarrhea, eating disorders and certain medications.

CHLORIDE :

Chloride is the major negative ion found in the fluid outside of cells and in the

blood.Chloride also plays a role in helping the body maintain a normal balance of fluids.

The normal serum range for chloride is 98 - 108 mmol/L.

HYPERCHLOREMIA :

 Elevations in chloride may be seen in diarrhea, certain kidney diseases,

and sometimes in overactivity of the parathyroid glands.  

HYPOCHLOREMIA :

Chloride is normally lost in the urine and stomach secretions.

Excessive loss can occur from heavy sweating, vomiting, and adrenal gland and kidney

disease.

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