electro chemical
TRANSCRIPT
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ELECTRO CHEMICAL
CONVERSION
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INTRODUCTION
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HISTORY
Sir William Grove developed the first fuel cell in England in
1839 using Hydrogen & oxygen gases with Platinum
electrodes.
In 1932 Bacon developed alkaline fuel cell replacing Platinum
electrode with less expansive Nickel electrodes.
In 1959 Harry Karl Ihrig of Allis-Chalmers demonstrats the
first fuel cell-powered vehicle.
In 1993 first fuel cell powered vehicle was launched In market.
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Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of a
fuel (hydrogen, natural gas, methanol, gasoline, etc.) and an
oxidant (air or oxygen) into electricity.
Fuel cell construction generally consists of a fuel electrode
(anode) and an oxidant electrode (cathode) separated by an
ion-conducting membrane.
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WORKING
http://www.fctec.com/flashfiles/howWorks.html -
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Types
I. Alkaline Fuel Cell(AFC)
II. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell(PAFC)
III. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell(MCFC)
IV. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell(SOFC)V. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC)
VI. Direct Methanol Fuel Cell(DMFC)
VII. Regenerative Fuel Cell(RFC)
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AFC
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SPECIFICATION
Electrolyte used KOH
Operating temp. 65 to 220 C
Charge Carrier
OH- ion
ADVANTAGES
High efficiency of electricity generation 70%.
Cheapest to manufacture
APPLICATIONS
Automobile
Space
DISADVANTAGES
Sensitive to CO2 which react with the electrolyte which degrade cell
performance.
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PAFC
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SPECIFICATION
Electrolyte used Phosphoric acid
Operating temp. 150 to 220 C
Charge Carrier
H+
ADVANTAGES
High efficiency of electricity generation >40%. When operating in
cogeneration applications, the overall efficiency is approximately
85%.
As the operating temperature is high so waste heat used for heat
water.
CO2 not effect cell performance.
APPLICATIONS
install in buildings, hotels, hospitals, and electric utilities in Japan,
Europe and the United States.
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MCFC
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SPECIFICATION
Electrolyte used molten mixture of carbonate
Operating temp. 650 C
Charge Carrier
Carbonate ion
ADVANTAGES
As the operating temperature is high so waste heat used for high
pressure steam generation.
APPLICATIONS
More suitable for constant power applications.
DISADVANTAGES
Slow to changing power demands.
Control on CO2 amount.
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SOFC
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SPECIFICATION Electrolyte used thin, solid ceramic material
Operating temp. 600-1000 C
Charge Carrier
Oxygen ionADVANTAGES operating efficiency in generating electricity 60%.
As the operating temperature is high so waste heat used for high
pressure steam generation. Combining a high-temperature fuel cell with a turbine into a hybrid
fuel cell further increases the overall efficiency of generatingelectricity more than 70%.
APPLICATIONS More suitable for constant power applications.
DISADVANTAGES Slow to changing power demands.
More expansive material.
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PEMFC
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SPECIFICATION
Electrolyte usedsolid polymer membrane
Operating temp.
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DMFC
The technology behind Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) is
still in the early stages of development.
Mobile phones and laptop computers.
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RFC
The Regenerative Fuel Cell (RFC) is a system that can operate
in a closed loop.
The hydrogen would be generated from the electrolysis of
water, splitting it into its constituent components of hydrogen
and oxygen, using renewable energy sources such as wind,
solar, or geothermal.
COMPARISON
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COMPARISON
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Conclusion
Fuel cell is an efficient energy conversion system.
Fuel cell is less expensive, less polluting comparative to other
conversion system.
Fuel cells are used in many application like automobile ,
power plant cogeneration , laptops , mobiles etc.
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Refrences
http://www.asdlib.org/onlineArticles/ecourseware/Kelly_Potentiometry/PDF-14-EChemCells.pdf
http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types.asp
http://www.fctec.com/fctec_history.asp
http://www.fctec.com/flashfiles/howWorks.html
http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_afc.asp
http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_pafc.asp
http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_mcfc.asp
http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_sofc.asp
http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_dmfc.asp
http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_pem.asp
http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_rfc.asp
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THANK YOU