elective chandigarh

7/29/2019 Elective Chandigarh

1/65

Free Powerpoint Templates

The Tale of Two Architects

A song that their buildings sang

Gaurav P. Sharma111110008Harsh Tiwari111110014Surabhi Agrawal111110021Anjali Katare111110022

LOUIS I. KAHN

&

LE CORBUSIER
http://www.powerpointstyles.com/http://www.powerpointstyles.com/


2/65

LIFE OF KAHNBorn as Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky.

Lived during February 20, 1901 and March 17, 1974.In 1906, his family immigrated to U.S.

Changed his name from his given name to Louis Isador Kahn in 1915.

An American architect of Estonian origin.

Served as design critic and professor at Yale School of Architecture from 1947

to 1957.From 1957- till death he was professor at School of Design at University of

Pennsylvania.

Awarded the AIA Gold Medal and the RIBA Gold Medal.

His work is considered monumental beyond modernism.

Infused the international style with his own high personal taste.The designs are supposed to respond to human scale.

There is vital distinction between served spaces and servant (spaces that

serve other spaces i.e. corridors, staircase, restrooms etc)

Materials used- bare concrete, textured bricks and tormentine marble.


3/65

WORKS OF KAHNThe famous designs of Louis i.Kahn include-

Yale University Art Gallery , New Haven, Connecticut, 1951- 1953.

Richards Medical Research Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania,

Philadelphia, 1957- 1965

The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California , 1959- 1965

First Unitarian Church, Rochester, New York, 1959- 1969

Jatiyo Snagshad Bhaban, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1962- 1974

Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Indian Institute of Management, Ahemdabad, india, 1962

National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1963

Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas, 1967- 1972

Yale Centre of British Art, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 1969-

1974

Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedom Park, New York, 1972- 1974


4/65

JATIYO SANGSHAD BHABAN

Building Name- Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban

Building Type- National Assembly Building

Location- Dhaka, Bangladesh

Style- Modern

MonumentalStructural System- Reinforced Concrete

Brickwork

Start Date- 1961

Completion Date- 1982

Architect- Louis I.KahnMuzharul Islam (co-architect)

Cost when Built- 32 Million

Annual Operational and Maintenance cost- 55 Million


5/65

INTRODUCTIONLocated at Sher-eBangla Nagar, Dhaka. Bangladesh.

Designed by Louis I.Kahn.

One of the largest legislative complexes in the world comprising 200 acres.Contruction began by then president Ayub Khan, 1961.

Completed after the countrys war of independence on 28th jan, 1982.

Entire complex designed that includes lawns, lakes and residencesfor the

M.P.s.

Main building divided into:

Main Plaza (76000 m2)

South Plaza (21000 m2)

Presidental Plaza (6000 m2)

Artificial lake surrounded for 3 sides.The enclave situated in sher-e-bangla nagar, bound by:

Lake road to the north.

Rokeya sarani to east.

Manik Mia Avenue to south.

Mirpur road to west.

Nine individual blocks of which eight peripheral blocks rise to a height of 110

while central octagonal block rises to a height of 155.All nine blocks include different groups of functional spaces and have different

levels.

Interlinked horizontally and vertically by corridors, lufts, staircases, light courts

and circular areas.

Structure is designed to blend into one single, non- differentiable unit,appears single storey from exterior.

Main committee rooms are located at level 2 in one of the peripheral blocks.

Most important part of main plaza parliament chamber houses 354

members.

There are also 2 podiums and 2 gallaries for VIP visitors.

Roof designed with single storey clearence to let in daylight.

Daylighting reflected from surrounding walls and octagonal drum.

Artificial lighting systems devised carefully not to obstruct daylighting.

Composite chandelier suspended from parabolic shell roof.


6/65

INTRODUCTIONUpper level of block contains chambers:

For visitors and press galleries.Communication booths.

Level 1 has library.

Level 3 has M.P.s lounges.

Upper level has party rooms.

South plaza faces Manik Mia Avenue, gradually rises upto 20 height & has:Controlling gates

Driveway

Mechanical plant room

Large car parking

Telephone exchange

Equipment stores

Office of maintenance engineers

Open plaza with steps and ramp leading directly to main building.

Presidential plaza faces north lake road, functions as M.P.s and other

dignitaries intimate plaza, contains: marble steps

Gallery

Open pavement

Although its limited to authorized members and staff but few floors are open

to public.


7/65

MAIN CHARACTERISTICSMonumentality.

Mass of concrete lined with marble strips.Outer wall punctuated by pure geometrical openings.

Dominating circular and rectangular concrete mass

Plan in concentric circles.

Seven storey high ambulatory, with light coming from roof, surrounds the

assembly hall like a circumambulatory path around deity.Plan essentially square manipulated into octagon.

Height of structure 49.68 m above ground.

Water body of artificial lake touching its wall on all sides.

Appears to rise out of water.

Entrance through Grand plaza on south.Presidential square from north with green garden and

trees.

No columns. Hollow columns are part of space enclosures, adapted as

structural supports.


8/65

MAIN CRITICISMExorbitant construction and maintenance cost.

Total cost of complex with a floor space of 6,27,833 sq. feet was 1280 million.There are-

50 staircases

1635 doors

335 doors

300 partitions35850 sq.ft. glass shutters

58500 sq. ft. wooden shutters

133500 cu. Ft. wooden panels

Annual operational and maintenance cost 55 million.

Top floor or level 10 used for different machinery.

Faced with an imposing architectural work of extraordinary power,

clarity of form and beauty, the jury could not help but question the

compatibility with the needs and aspirations of a poor country.


9/65

Spatial arrangement

Topology

Basic Concept

FEATURES

Symmetry and Balance

National Assembly Building has a clear

symmetry. This building was designed bykahn using the golden section.

He started from the middle, where the

top most part of the building is located.

From the middle he worked to the outerparts of the building.

These parts of the building are less

important and are serving the inner part.

Only the mosque is not in the same

symmetry. Kahn did this because the

mosque does not serve the conference

hall. Circulation

The circulation in this building is like

the symmetry and balance, a

product of the golden section.

When you enter the building you

walk along the serving parts of the

building towards the centre. Fromthere you walk along the

conference hall.

This form of circulation emphasizes

the hierarchy in the building.

The circulation puts the central

space above the surrounding

spaces. Additivity

The additive spaces emphasize theimportance of central space, giving

the building a hierarchy.

Mass is another tool of Kahn for creating monumentalism. Kahns accents the

mass of the building on different ways. First of all its a large building, the big

light openings pronounce this fact immensly.

Light can accentuate particular spaces and can make clear which space is more

important or give it a certain affect.The big corridors in the National Assembly Building imitate the outside,

through the amount of lightfall.

The centre of the building is elevated and lets light through, this way indirect

light can enter the conference hall an effect, which leads to hierarchy.

Just like the corridor and conference hall there are more spaces in the building,where Khan makes use of light.


10/65

SITE PLAN


11/65

THE FACADEResembles a huge fortress with the fact that the building is surrounded by

water and connected only by ramps and bridges to the mainland, whichreinforces the impression of fortification.

Touch is a primitive sense. Utmost care taken to assure there is appeal in the

sensation of hand in treatment of texture; not only how surfaces look like, but

also how they feel.

The marble banding, thatmarks the human scale

and the process in which

the building was made also

gave the sense of the

weight of his heavymaterials that have been

incorporated in the

Assembly Building.


12/65

CONSTRUCTIONAn inspiring statement of

extraordinary clarity and beauty.The originality, power and aura of

the complex are unparalleled.

An unique design of such

magnitude in Bangladesh, solely

with local materials , skills andtechnologies is in itself an

achievement.

Construction was both an opportunity and a challenge.

Opportunity to enhance and test local competence and challenge as of its

scale and innovative requirements.

Profoundly philosophical in temperament and local traditions.

Can be accredited with more than one innovation- 1. scale of the building.

2. use of as-caste concrete.

3. exposed brick masonry.

The concrete surface had to bear the imprint of local skill and technology.

No smear of paint or plaster was to adultrate the putiry of the building.Matte surface wrought by timber and gloss left by steel.

Crowning of parabolic roof of assembly Chamber (117 feet above the

floor)was cast by traditional system.

Only machinery used was for wood workshop and four cranes to hoist

material.Local bamboo tied together

in grids with coconut husk

ropes were basis of all

scaffolding.

Bamboo ramps were used

to manually hoist building

materials.

Even formwork of arches

was in wood and bamboo.


13/65

Only 5 feet of concrete could

be hand pooled by the people

in a day.

Because of this Kahn placed

bands of marble after each

days pour in order to hide the

lines between each level.

Marble bands are

positioned every 5 feet to

hide the imperfections of

the exposed concrete.

Thick exterior walls keep the

concentration within the

prayer hall and do not allow

any outside distractions.

The prayer hall is shifted to

better face Mecca.

Diffused light into

the prayer hallcreates a much

stronger experience

of spirituality.

Large clerestory windows allow

for ample amounts of diffusedlight to filter into the assembly

hall.

THROUGH SKETCHES


14/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Assembly chamber for 300 members of assembly


15/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

200 additional seats for joint sessions


16/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Speakers Dias


17/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Speakers box


18/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Presidents Box


19/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Official Gallery


20/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Distinguished visitors gallery


21/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Distinguished visitors and official gallery lobby


22/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Divisions Lobby


23/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Ante chamber, cloak room and toilets for MNA


24/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

MNAs entrance lounge


25/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Ambulatory


26/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Light and Ventilation courts


27/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Garden entrance


28/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Stairs to public galleries


29/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Post office and Bank


30/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Ward, ward officer and staff


31/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Porch


32/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Main Entrance


33/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Entrance and stairs to public galleries


34/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Stair to prayer hall


35/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Lounge for MNAs


36/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Pantry


37/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Distinguished visitors and official gallery entrance lobby to assembly chamber


38/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Toilets


39/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Air plenum


40/65

PLAN IDENTIFICATION

Ramp to 58 level


41/65

PLAN- HOSTEL SECRETARIES


42/65

SECTION- HOSTEL SECRETARIES


43/65

GROUND FLOOR- DINING HALL


44/65

PLAN OF FLOOR- DINING HALL


45/65

SECTION THROUGH LOUNG


46/65

SECTION- MAIN BUILDING

OO S


47/65

FLOOR PLANS- CIRCULATION

FEW INSIGHTS


48/65

FEW INSIGHTS- PICTURES

Gaurav

LIFE OF KAHN


49/65

LIFE OF KAHN

Surabhi

WORKS OF KAHN


50/65

WORKS OF KAHN

Surabhi

INTRODUCTION


51/65

INTRODUCTION

Palak,

Harsh

FIRST MASTER PLAN


52/65

FIRST MASTER PLAN- MAYERThe master plan that Albert

Mayer produced, assumed a

fan shape for the city of

chandigarh.

Spreading gently to fill the site

between the two rivers.

At the head of the plan wasthe capitol, the seat of the

state government.

The first phase of the city was

to be developed on the north-

eastern side to accommodate1,50,000 residents and the

second phase on the south-

western side for another

3,50,000 people.

THREE DISPLINES


53/65

THREE DISPLINESTHE DISCIPLINE OF MONEY- Le corbusier once remarked that India has

the treasure of a proud culture, but her coffers are empty. Throughout

the project the desire for grandness was hampered by the need of strict

economy. He consulted the program for each building with the budget

and then prepared the initial project.

THE DISCIPLINE OF TECHNOLOGY- Available in quantity were were goodclay and sand and human labour. Although the materials used to build

chandigarh are rough concrete and exposed brickwork. Capitol complex-

in concrete only.

THE DISCIPLINE OF CLIMATE Besides the administrative and financialregulations there was a law of sun in India. The architectural problem had

to solve: first, to make shade, second, to make current of air or to

ventilate, third to control hydraulics.

THE CAPITOL COMPLEX


54/65

THE CAPITOL COMPLEXThe area of the greatest symbolic significance in chandigarh was the capitol

complex.

In its final form was based on the design of a great cross axis.

The most important group of buildings constituted:

The capitol in the right.

The parliament building in the left.

The secretariat in the background.In the foreground lay the pool of the palace of justice.

Although the scene is harmonious in effect, there are still some missing

buildings that do belong here, such as the tower of shadows.

THE OPEN HAND


55/65

THE OPEN HAND

The open hand is a

monumental sculpture (which

is also seen by Le Corbusier as

the outline of a bird, the signfor peace) is prominent in the

landscape and is part of a

sunken court for public

assembly, named The pit of

Consideration.

SITE PLAN


56/65

SITE PLAN


57/65


58/65


59/65


60/65


61/65


62/65


63/65


64/65


65/65

elective chandigarh

Documents