einfranet cloud services – current state of affairs
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Cloud Services – current state of affairs
Dr. Leo PluggeWetenschappelijk Technische Raad
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 2010
A definition of ‘Cloud computing’
Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices on-demand, like a public utility.
Source: Wikipedia
Cloud computing is about delivering services through a Wide Area Network (internet) in a flexible manner (scalable in size and number).
Flexibility is usually attained by sharing generic resources (software, platform, hardware).
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 20102
Cloud Services is the industrialization of ITCf the generation of electricity
From localprovisioning
To regionalprovisioning
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 20103
Regional Monopoly (PZEM, PLEM, PEM, etc)
From regional monopoly to free market
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
Production Distribution Provisioning Client
GDF Suez, E-ONEDF, Enel, RWE(75% EU market)Lots of small players: Greenchoice, NEM, Dong Energy,…
Tennet&
Local?
April 15, 20104
Back to ITJohn McCarthy in 1961:
“If computers of the kind I have advocated* become the computers of the future, then computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry.”
John McCarthy, MIT Centennial in 1961
(* time sharing)
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 20105
Industrialized IT
From centralized local (campus) provisioning
To wide areaprovisioning
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 20106
GoogleMicrosoftYahooAmazonSalesForceSun…
University IT centers
Turning to market forces
Production Distribution Provisioning Client
InternetSURFnet
LocalPrivate
?
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 20107
The world needs only five computers. Thomas Watson , CEO IBM (1943)
“there will be small number of big players and a large numbers of small players in the cloud computing space ”
Dr. Eric Schmidt , CEO Google
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 20108
Source: Niraj Juneja, Webscale Solutions“A Walk in the Clouds”
And the big players are…
April 15, 20109
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
Working from different angles…
Off-line On-line
Both focus on a content delivery architecture
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201010
Competition from the cloud gives us choice,but…
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201011
Mixed feelings about Software as a Service (SaaS)
Users like SaaS and are dissatisfied with rate of adoption of new IT in enterprise:
• 30% users 2008 dissatisfied
Gartner expects:• increase to 50% in 2013
Suppliers are skeptic about SaaS• (enterprise) Customers not
impressed by SaaS performance
• 42% cost is barrier• 38% integration barrier• 32% technical requirements
However:• 58% maintain current SaaS
level• 32% will increase level• 5% will decrease• 5% will discontinue
Source: Gartner
Gartner: by 2012, 20% of businesses will own virtually no IT assets.
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201012
Some effects of cloud services market
1. Competition gives consumers a choice of services;
2. Employees are consumers and bring in new services;
3. User groups will build their own/new solutions;
4. Cloud services provide means for flexible innovation;
5. Innovation through customer’s (‘beta’)* testing.
* Beta ≠ banana software
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201013
Another effect is the IT-department trying to stay in control of services with…
PublicCloud
PrivateCloud
HybridCloud
InternalCloud
ExternalCloud
Some X-cloudI didn’t think of
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201014
But Cloud Services is mainlyabout letting some services and customers go!
MakeOutsource
Partner Contract
mission critical
contextcore
supporting
I willHelp myself!
CloudServices
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201015
To use the effects of cloud services we need (among others)
• stop “hugging” (local/national) hardware;
• rethink ‘inside-outside’ (perimeter based) security;
• re-examine the institutional services production portfolio;
• more configurable generic services;
• differentiate by user group / application area;
• room for users (groups) to bring in new services (sandbox);
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201016
The cloud argument also holds for research
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201017
Ed Lazowska*
• “85% of research computing could easily use clouds”
• “Only some very specialized research and computational scientists need dedicated high performance computers”
*Bill & Melinda Gates Chair in Computer Science & Engineering, Director, eScience Institute, University of Washington Chair, Computing Community Consortium
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201018
Only a small number of researchers need capability computing, i.e., High Performance Computing systems with large numbers of cores.
The majority of researchers are well served with capacity computing, systems that share their computing power with several up to many users. (what cloud computing excels at)
Lazowska’s statement visualized by Cees de Laat’s Bandwidth requirements, 2008
Source:C. de Laat
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201019
Lazowska’s arguments for cloud computing
1. Funding councils face an insatiable demand in research grant applications for more computers and clusters.
2. Computing and ICT represent anywhere from 30-50% of the energy consumption at a typical research university.
3. If institutions charged fees based on energy bill, this would be a powerful incentive to move in the direction of clouds.
Ergo:
“Cloud services could be included
in the indirect costs of research
much like energy is today.”
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201020
EUROPE, WE HAVE A PROBLEM
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201021
ESAutilizes
Amazon EC2 for the
data-processing needs of its Gaia mission
(launch in 2012)
Gaia generates 40GB per night.Using local resources (read “a grid” or “a cluster”)
would cost $1.5 million.
Using EC2 will cost in the range of $500,000.
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201022
Cloud Outlook 2010 webcastby 451 Group's William Fellows, Feb. 2010
• Spending on cloud computing− 57% in the U.S.− 31% in Europe− 12% in Asia.
• Adoption of infrastructure as a service (e.g. Amazon's EC2)− 93% of that spending is done in the U.S.− 6% in Europe − 1% in Asia.
Flexiant is currently the only cloud computing service based in Europe.
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201023
To compete we need cloud services From EGEE? (Enabling Grids for E-sciencE)
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201024
Bob Hertzberger
Providing the opportunity to share and reuse
Bob Hertzberger
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201025
Remember: the internet is scale-freeand the rich get richer
Albert-László Barabási:
• A small number of nodes in the internet have far more connections than most other nodes.
• As the network grows, the rich nodes get richer.− (AMS-IX and NetherLight are examples)
“Out of the 40,000 routed end sites in the Internet, 30 large companies — ‘hyper giants’ like Limelight, Facebook, Google, Microsoft and YouTube — now generate and consume a disproportionate 30 percent of all Internet traffic.”
Arbor’s Internet Observatory Report
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201026
Leo Plugge
www.surf.nl
Thank you
SURF – ICT innovation by and for higher education and research April 15, 201027