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Roles of Government, Community, NGOs and Education for Disaster Management, JBIC Seminar, 8 May 2007, Kobe, Japan


200km

Tokyo

Osaka

Matsuyama(Ehime)

Established: Established: 19491949

Ehime University – Brief IntroductionEhime University Ehime University –– Brief IntroductionBrief Introduction

Number of Academic Faculties: Number of Academic Faculties: 6 6 (Education, Law and Letters, Science, Agriculture, Medicine, and(Education, Law and Letters, Science, Agriculture, Medicine, and Engineering)Engineering)

Academic and Administrative Staffs: Academic and Administrative Staffs: 20002000

Students: Students: 10000 10000 (including 200 International Students)(including 200 International Students)

Graduate Schools: Graduate Schools: 6 6 (under each academic faculty)(under each academic faculty)

Research Centers: Research Centers: 7 7 (with 3 world class research centers)(with 3 world class research centers)

Academic Exchange Agreement: Academic Exchange Agreement: with 28 universitieswith 28 universities

Returned Nepalese: 12Current students: 11Returned Nepalese: 12Current students: 11

One of the top 20 nationOne of the top 20 nation--established universitiesestablished universities


Academic Exchange AgreementsAcademic Exchange AgreementsAcademic Exchange Agreements

• 34 universities (Asia: 22 (Including 5 Nepalese universities), Europe-America：12)

• 16 universities (Asia: 8, Europe-America: 8)

Major activities:

• Exchange of education and research publications and other relevant materials

• Exchange of academic and research staffs

• Graduate, undergraduate student exchange

• Joint academic and research programs


Activities, Plans, and Purpose in Asian NationsActivities, Plans, and Purpose in Asian NationsActivities, Plans, and Purpose in Asian Nations

EhimeEhimeUniversityUniversity

Nepal

India

China

Malaysia

Indonesia

Sri Lanka

S. Korea

Bangladesh

Model activities

What?Research, Disaster Education, Knowledge Transfer, Networking of former foreign students

Where?Most Asian Nations (Nepal as a model nation)

How?Direct involvement, network formation (involving Ehime Univ. graduates), fund demand from Japan Govt.

Why?Reduce disaster loss; protect nature, environment, and human life; maintain follow-up program for Japanese university alumni


Why Academic Institutions (?)Why Academic Institutions (?)Why Academic Institutions (?)

Academic institutions: a place of expertise network

Academic institutions: in most cases non-profitable organizations;

the activities can be conducted at fairly low cost

Especially the pre-disaster activities such as research and

investigation, awareness enhancement, information dissemination,

etc. can be more effective through academic institutions

Academic institutions: often play a role in between the government

and non-government organizations, making things easier while

dealing with various concerned organizations

Formation of institutional network much easier due to widely spread

graduates in various government and non-government organizations


Why Disaster Management in Nepal?Why Disaster Why Disaster Management in Nepal?Management in Nepal?

Human deaths (1983-2002) in disasters

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Ear

thqu

ake

Lan

dslid

e&

Flo

od Fire

Epi

dem

ics

Win

dsto

rm

Ava

lan

che

Sta

mp

ede

Annual Economic Loss (in mi llion Rs.)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Loss

in m

illio

n N

Rs.

Average Loss:788 mi llion per year

Economic Loss

Fatal Loss


Annual Human Life Los s from Lands lides and Floods

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

198

3

198

4

198

5

198

6

198

7

198

8

198

9

199

0

199

1

199

2

199

3

199

4

199

5

199

6

199

7

199

8

199

9

200

0

200

1

200

2

200

3

A verage Loss: 324 per

General trend

Hous es Destroyed Annually s ince 1985

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average value: 7329

Damaged Highway

House Damage

Human deaths in landslides and floods

Krishnabhir Landslide (2003)


Earthquake Disaster Risk in Earthquake Disaster Risk in KathmanduKathmandu ValleyValley

N

N

Source: Google Earth

Estimated population: 2 million (Capital area)

Official evacuation area: None

Roads: Extremely narrow

Construction material: Bricks, concrete (RCC, PCC), stone

World Heritage Monuments: 7

Soil condition: Lake deposits (max: 700m)

Construction regulations: Very poor!

Predicted Earthquake Damage in KathmanduPredicted Earthquake Damage in Predicted Earthquake Damage in KathmanduKathmandu


Old buildings/houses

Slender buildings/houses (Improper design??)

Buildings/Houses Extre

mely Prone to Collapse

Buildings/Houses Extre

mely Prone to Collapse


Kathmandu Durbar Square

Bhaktapur Durbar Square

Patan Durbar Square

World Cultural Heritage SitesWorld Cultural Heritage Sites


Ghantaghar before 1934 earthquake

Collapse of Ghantaghar in 1934 Great Earthquake

Ghantaghar (Clock Tower) at present

Destruction (1934 Great Earthquake)Destruction (1934 Great Earthquake)


DharaharaDharahara before 1934 Earthquakebefore 1934 Earthquake

Dharahara at present

Collapse of Dharahara in 1934 Great Earthquake

13 Storey → 9 Storey

After Collapse


BhaktapurBhaktapur Durbar Square before Durbar Square before 1934 Earthquake1934 Earthquake

Before the earthquake

After the earthquake



Nepal ActivitiesNepal ActivitiesNepal Activities

• Make Nepal a field for disaster research• Landslides and floods• Earthquakes• Global warming and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs)

• School- and community-based disaster education and awareness• Model school concept for disaster education• Graduate programs in disaster related courses at colleges and

universities

• Symposiums and Seminars• Trainings• Acceptance of Nepalese students for graduate studies• Invite university faculties


Human Flow between Ehime Univ. and NepalHuman Flow between Ehime Univ. and NepalHuman Flow between Ehime Univ. and Nepal

Prof. Prof. Ambassador Prof. NTV team

2001

1991

1997

Embassy visit and activity reporting

1993

ICIMOD Landslide field surveys and meetings

199019901990 199519951995 200020002000 200520052005

Special Lecture at NEA Disaster education for school teachers

Symposiums and seminars

Foreign students & participants

Returned students

Nepalese Foreign Students

to Ehime

Researchers and Professors from

Ehime University to Nepal

Nepalese Researchers and

delegates to Ehime

Organized Symposiums,

Seminar Meetings, etc.

Meetings with Embassy and

JICA Officials by Ehime Staff

Prof. Professors for Nepal forum, 2007.6.2


Field Investigation, ResearchField Investigation, ResearchField Investigation, Research

• Landslides along the major highways (Prithvi, Narayanghat-Mugling, and Tribhuvan) (2003~ )

• Landslide risk study of Changunarayan hill (2004~ )

• Person trip survey (Transportation) in Kathmandu and suburbs (2006)

• Road roughness (undulation) survey (2006)

• Travel time survey (vehicle) in Kathmandu (2003)

• Earthquake risk of Nepal (focusing on Kathmandu Valley) (2006~ )


Field Investigation of Landslides and Slope FailuresField Investigation of Landslides and Slope FailuresField Investigation of Landslides and Slope Failures

2001

2003

2004

2003

Japan Govt. funded

2005

2006: Investigation for Earthquake and Landslide Hazard in World Cultural Heritage Sites


International Scientific MeetsInternational Scientific MeetsInternational Scientific Meets

20042005

2001

2003

2001

2006

6 Int’l seminars and symposiums6 Int’l seminars and symposiums


Joint Projects with State-owned Nepal TelevisionJoint Projects with StateJoint Projects with State--owned Nepal Televisionowned Nepal Television

NTV programs on landslide issues in Nepal

NTV programs on landslide issues in Nepal


Programs prepared by Nepal TelevisionPrograms prepared by Nepal TelevisionPrograms prepared by Nepal Television

20 min.20 min.

8 min.


Disaster Management Seminars for School TeachersDisaster Management Seminars for School TeachersDisaster Management Seminars for School Teachers

Held 5 timesHeld 5 times


Nepal Television Crew at Ehime UniversityNepal Television Crew at Ehime UniversityNepal Television Crew at Ehime University

Asking the Vice President

Forum

Field survey reporting

Reporting Nepalese students


Landslide Hazard along Major National HighwaysLandslide Hazard along Major National HighwaysLandslide Hazard along Major National Highways

Hazard Map BookLetter of Appreciation from the DG, DOR, Nepal


News in National DailiesNews in National DailiesNews in National Dailies

‘No geological conditions have been properly taken into account’, R. Yatabe/Ehime University

Japanese knowledge to prevent landslides


Joint Programs with Japanese University AlumniJoint Programs with Japanese University AlumniJoint Programs with Japanese University Alumni

Participants and invitees

Second meeting, July 2005

First meeting: Feb. 2005

Second meeting: July 2005

Seminar held: 20 November 2005

First meeting, Feb 2005

JUSAN and NESAJ members

Japanese Univ. Professors

Nepalese Univ. Professors

Nepal Govt. Officials

Japanese Embassy Officials

Meeting with the Ambassador, July 2005


The Role of Japanese University Alumni in Nation BuildingThe Role of Japanese University Alumni in The Role of Japanese University Alumni in Nation BuildingNation Building

A One-day Seminar With JUSAN and NESAJ


Education Minister participating in a Seminar with JU Alumni

Environment Minister participating in an International Conference

Appealing the Activities to Nepal GovernmentAppealing the Activities to Nepal GovernmentAppealing the Activities to Nepal Government

皇太子夫妻


Publication of Education MaterialPublication of Education MaterialPublication of Education Material

A landslide awareness book distributed in various schools in Nepal

Disaster mitigation and river environment awareness books for schools and community in Ehime (to be made for Nepal too)


A high school in outskirts of Kathmandu valley (SaraswatiMadhyamik Viddyalaya, Lalitpur)

Model School for Disaster EducationModel School for Disaster EducationModel School for Disaster Education

After support

Before support

・Disaster Education

・Disaster Drills

・Support as a model school


MOU for Academic Exchange with Nepalese universitiesMOU for Academic Exchange with Nepalese universitiesMOU for Academic Exchange with Nepalese universities

Memoranda of Understanding for academic exchange were signed on 28 May 2006 with the following Nepalese universities and college

Purvanchal University

Pokhara University (to be formalized)

Kathmandu University

Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University

Nepal Engineering College

Involving the following activities:

Exchange of faculty members and students

Acceptance of graduate students and researchers

Undertaking joint research programs in Nepal


MOU Signing Ceremony (2006.5.28)MOU Signing Ceremony MOU Signing Ceremony (2006.5.28(2006.5.28))


Establishment of Ehime University Satellite Office in Kathmandu(28 May 2006) with the following objectives:

Disseminate information

Communicate with various organizations

Assist in research activities

Facilitate exchange faculties and students

Facilitate other Nepal activities

Facilitate foreign student selection

Office place: Naya Baneshwor (minbhavan)

Staffs: Visiting Professors, Visiting Associate Professors, and Visiting Researchers (Total: 8)

Setting up the Satellite Office in KathmanduSetting up the Satellite Office in Setting up the Satellite Office in KathmanduKathmandu

First

international

satellite offic

e!


Satellite Office Launching Ceremony (2006.5.28)Satellite Office Launching CeremonySatellite Office Launching Ceremony (2006.5.28)(2006.5.28)



Disaster Mitigation Network in Asia (proposed)Disaster Mitigation Network in Asia (Disaster Mitigation Network in Asia (proposedproposed))


Major Research FieldsMajor Research FieldsMajor Research Fields

• Appropriate road building technology (with Department of Roads)

• Protection of world heritage sites from natural disasters

• Transportation planning and traffic management

• Urbanization and earthquake hazard risk

• Political instability

• Environment and water quality

• Etc.


Educational SupportEducational SupportEducational Support

• Develop school- and community-based disaster education materials

• Run joint graduate programs with Nepalese academic institutions in disaster management, transport management, and other relevant subjects

• Train more Nepalese students at Ehime University

• Send Japanese students to Nepal to develop research interest


Major AchievementsMajor AchievementsMajor Achievements

Abrupt increase in disaster management activities (such as research, disaster drills, awareness raising, media coverage, scientific meetings, etc.) ever since year 2001

EU known to only its former students in Nepal until 5 years ago, but now known to many academic people and the government employees (involved in disaster management) as a Japanese academic institution involved probably the most in Nepal activities

Establishment of Center for Disaster Risk Study at Nepal Engineering College under the technical support of Ehime University (2006.5)

Recognition of the scientific meetings and disaster mitigation efforts by the Government of Nepal

Informal institutional network already in function

Strong expertise network already in existence


Publications in the form of proceedings of various conferences, symposiums,

and seminars

Reporting of the features of Nepal disasters in international publications

Publication of reference books

Television documentaries and awareness programs on landslide disasters in

Nepal and media coverage of the activities

Establishment of research center for disaster risk study at Nepal Engineering

College (May 2006)

Establishment of first foreign-based satellite office of Ehime University in

Kathmandu

Introduction of Special Graduate Course on Disaster Management in Asia at

Ehime University under the Graduate School of Science and Engineering (from

October 2007)

Major AchievementsMajor AchievementsMajor Achievements


Concluding RemarksConcluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Most Asian nations need greater attention in the field of disaster

risk management.

Apart from the role played by government and non-government

agencies, the involvement of academic society in disaster

management from various aspects is inevitable.

The academic institutions have tremendous potential for greater

human and institutional networks, so involving former foreign

students in not only disaster management activities but also in

nation building efforts may be one way to create the network.

The model activities in Nepal may be expanded to other Asian

nations involving the Japanese university alumni


Concluding RemarksConcluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Finally, one of the major problems has always remained the

source of funds when it comes to involving academic

institutions directly in community related works, so apart

from the researches and investigations, the potential that

the academic institutions possess may be exploited for the

disaster education and awareness raising activities.

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