egyptian-art n architecture

8/12/2019 Egyptian-Art n Architecture

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Civilization developed by about 3,000 BC

Located in the Nile river valley


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PeopleCommunities were made up of:

Hunters and fishermenSoldiersSlavesPriests

ScribesArtists and craftsmenFarmers and herdsmen


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People!he leader was called a

pharaoh.

!he pharaoh was

believed to be half man,half "od.

!he afterlife of the

pharaoh was animportant theme inancient #"yptian art.


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ContributionsThe ancient Egyptians:

Made bricks

Used sails on the water

Used wheels on land

Harnessed animals for work

Trained donkeys to carrypeople

Combined copper and tin tomake bronze

Forged tools from copper.


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=!"m#Ou$%%
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lmHOuF--mYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lmHOuF--mY


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Architectural Ideas Ancient Egyptians viewedearthly dwellings astemporary

They paid little attention tohouse construction

The tomb was seen as apermanent dwelling for theafterlife

Tremendous effort wasexerted in tomb construction The mummified dead body

was buried in a stone boxcalled sarcophagus in thetomb

Lets Recap

istorical !ac"ground#ocial $haracteristics % !eliefs


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Architectural Ideas !elieved a dead

person needs allher&his worldly goods

Tomb usually pac"edwith all the treasuresof dead person

If anything cannot beprovided' it is paintedon the walls of thetomb


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Architectural Ideas Tombs also have

charms to protectdead person % her&hisproperty

(ead buried in citiesof the dead ' called

)ecropolis located indesert


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(uring the old *ingdom' the pharaoh and hiscourt lived in +emphis

,hen they died they were buried at the)ecropolis at #a--ara

The earthly dwelling of the ancient Egyptianswas seen as temporary and the tomb as apermanent dwelling

ouses were built of temporary materials to lastfor a lifetime

Architecture of the $ivili.ationIntroduction


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Early *ingdom Tombs+astaba

The earliest method of burial in ancient Egypt was inshallow pits in the desert

The desert dried the bodies and preserved them ,hen animals preyed on bodies' the people dugdeeper

In the end they built a bench/li"e structure overgraves to create first burial structure called +astaba


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Internally' a mastaba consist of three parts/ aburial chamber ' aserdab and a chapel

The burial chamberwas located 23 belowground & $onnected to burial

chamber above groundthrough a shaft

& place for the burial of thedead person


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The #erdab and$hapel are locatedabove ground

The serdab is a room

where the statue ofthe dead person is"ept & #tatue acts as a

substitute for body incase it is destroyed


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Egyptians believed that the *a mustreturn to the body or a copy of it eachnight

If both body and statue are destroyed'the "a would die The chapel is where the "a is

supposed to live forever & $olorful room meant to deceive the gods

into letting the "a enter the next world & false door leading to the land of the dead


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Architecture

. The greatest architectural achievements of the AncientEgyptians were the pyramids

Pyramids were built as tombs for the pharaohs.

They contained the items that the Egyptians believed thatthe Pharaoh would need in the afterlife.

Much of the art that remains was preserved in the pyramids.


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Architecture

The first pyramid was built for King Zoser. It was a steppyramid. It was designed and built by an artist and architect

named Imhotep.Imhotep is the first artist whose name is recorded in history.

This pyramid was built about 2600 BC.


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More on Egyptian Architecture

E rl *ingdom Tombs


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Early *ingdom Tombs#teppe 4yramid

(issatisfaction w&result led tostac"ing of mastaba

Result was stepped

pyramid w& fivesloping setbac"s The steppe pyramid

is the intermediatestep betweenmastaba andgeometric pyramid


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#teppe pyramid was 933high w& : giant steps

!urial chamber is enteredfrom north side % is 19 down

0n either side of chamber arestore rooms for "ingstreasures

All treasures buried w& 5oserhave been stolen

A stone statue of 5oser alsorecently found staring outthrough peep holes in his#erdab


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;ence wall of funeral complex has brea"ing pattern of


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Entrance door leadsto long hall w& tworows of columns

0ne of the = st uses ofcolumns in history

$olumns designed to loo" li"e bundles of

reeds % had flutes


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Early *ingdom TombAttempts at 4yramid !uilding

After the stepped pyramids' therewere several attempt at building apure geometric pyramid

Among the prominent attempts? &pyramid at +edun &two pyramids built by #nefru at

(ashur

E l *i d T b


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Early *ingdom TombEnd of 4yramid $onstruction

After the +y"erinus period' the era of pyramidconstruction ended

+ore pyramids were built later but they weresmaller and less complex

Later pharaohs could not afford the cost of hugepyramid construction

>rave robbers learned how to brea" into and

steal the goods buried with pharaohs End of the 0ld *ingdom therefore mar"ed the end

of the great era of Egyptian pyramid construction@


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+id % )ew *ingdom !urial/$ham+ortuary Temples Introduction

+ortuary temples served as place for burial andworship of pharaohs

Temples dedicated to >ods were also located inthem

+ortuary temples owe origin to pyramid funeralcomplex' particular the valley and pyramidtemples

nderground tombs became popular because ofthe belief that they could not be robbed

+any powerful and wealthy pharaohs and noblescarved tombs directly into roc" cliffs andunderground during the +iddle and )ew "ingdoms

+ost of the tomb and burial chamber constructionwas carried out at (el Al !ahari

$


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+aterials' $onst@ % #ystems+aterials

Three common materials of construction in Egypt & 4lant materials' clay and stone

4lants consist of readily available material li"ereeds, papyrus and palm ribs and shaft

Timber was available in limited -uantityB used forroofing

$lay was used for construction either as for frameconstruction or as sun dried bric"

#tone was not much used during the early periodof ancient Egyptian civili.ation

It became popular after the 2rd dynasty of theEarly *ingdom and was used for tombs andtemples

+ t i l ' $ t@ % # t


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+aterials' $onst@ % #ystems$onstruction #ystem

$onstruction system in ancient Egyptreflected the availability of materials

Two construction systems werepredominant? Adobe construction and post

and beam construction Adobe construction too" the form of clay on

vegetable material or sun dried bric"construction

This construction was reserved for housesand other buildings of daily life

These buildings are supposed to last foronly a generation


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+ t i l ' $ t@ % # t


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+aterials' $onst@ % #ystems$onstruction #ystem

The true arch was not extensively used inancient Egypt The principle was however "nown

$onstruction in Egypt too" place during theperiod of floods

It too" 23 years to build a pyramid with a

team of =33'333 men wor"ing three to fourmonths during the floods

4 i i l f A h@ 0 i ti


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4rinciples of Arch@ 0rgani.ationEmphasis on !uilding +asses

Ancient Egyptian architecture shows moreconcern with massing and limited attention tospace or function

The +astaba' 4yramids' +ortuary and $ult

temples all display a focus on massing and form Limited consideration on functional space $onsideration of function in design limited to

provision of spaces for ritual activities//such as chapels dedicated to >ods in4yramid funeral complexes and +ortuary

and $ult temples

i i l f h@ 0 i i


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4rinciples of Arch@ 0rgani.ation Application of Linear % >eometrical 0rg

Egyptian architecture also displays anunderstanding and application of geometry indesign

This is noticeable in the pyramids at >i.a

All the three main pyramids are >eometricalpyramids A geometric pyramid has a s-uare base and C9 D

inclination of its sides

All the pyramids are also aligned in a straight linealong their axes This could only have been achieved with the

understanding of geometry

4 i i l f A h@ 0 i i


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4rinciples of Arch@ 0rgani.ation Application of armony % $ontrast

Architecture in ancient Egypt also displaysunderstanding of the principle of armonyand contrast

Example of this reflected in pyramids at>i.a

The color and material of the pyramidcreate a harmony between the pyramids andthe desert

The form and shape of the pyramidshowever contrast sharply with the smooth

undulating desert

#h i A h@ 0 i i


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;orces #haping Arch@ 0rgani.ation Influence of the (esert

Ancient Egyptian architecture can only beunderstood by also loo"ing at the environment inwhich it is located

Egypt is essentially located in a desert and thedesert is empty space

;or anything to be visible and consideredmonumental' it must match the scale of the desert

This understanding may have influenced thearchitects of ancient Egypt to focus on buildingand creating the massive buildings that we havestudied


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v='c$()$*m
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcFB3FXmyoghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcFB3FXmyog


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%+,-d c
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MQ5dL9cQX0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MQ5dL9cQX0


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Mummies

After embalming,mummies werecarefullywrapped in yardsof linenbandages.


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Sculpture

Painted relief sculpture lined the walls of

pyramids.This is called a stele .

A stele is a carved upright stone slab used

as a monument.


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Sculpture

This stele shows Ramses II slaying his enemies.


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SculptureArtists used materials foundin the Nile river valley. Theywere:

Gold

Turquoise

Lapis LazuliRed coral

Glass


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Sculpture

This gold maskrested on thehead of themummy of King

Tutankhaman.


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Sculpture

This sculpture ofQueen Nefertiti is

much more relaxedand graceful thanmost ancientEgyptian sculpture .


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C ib i


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Contributions

!hey also usedhiero"lyphics.

Hiero"lyphicsare an earlyform of picturewritin".


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#0E'OG YP#0123 5'T3 5'1#0TE1T6'E

By: Tracy Wong, FeiFei Lo, AnnetteYuen


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ncient Egyptian rt $n%ien# &g '#ian ar# wa( mainl in('ired b )amiliar image( #a*en

)rom na#"re+ ,he )"n%#ion o) #he ar# wa( originall ei#her religio"( or )"nerar or

bo#h+ Ma ori# o) ar# ("%h a( 'ain#ing( and (%"l'#"re( wa( made #o

de%ora#e #he dar*ne(( o) #em'le in#erior(. awa )rom '"bli% /iew orb"ried wi#h #he dead in #omb( #o 'ro#e%# and ("(#ain #hem ina)#erli)e+


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ncient egyptian art &/er e am'le o) &g '#ian ar# )rom an #ime 'eriod (#ri%#l adhere(

#o #he (ame (# le %alled )ron#ali(m. whi%h mean( #ha# #he head o) #he%hara%#er i( alwa ( drawn in 'ro)ile. while #he bod i( (een )rom #he)ron#+

Colo"r wa( im'or#an#. e('e%iall wi#h dei#ie( bla%* and green O(iri(. god o) "nderworld and /ege#a#ion. red !e#h. god o) %hao(.bl"e (* a( re)le%#ed in #he Nile. #o re're(en# di/ini# . golden ellow 'ro#e%#i/e h"e. r"dd (hade male(. 'aler #one( )emale(


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Hieroglyphics

5 ) ! Empe8o8 Theodo9 u9 0 c"o9ed a""paga; temp"e9 "a;guage wa9 "o9t

'o9etta 9to;e

Hieroglyphics


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Hieroglyphics

deve"oped about > (1 d 8ect o;: 8ead e the8 way3 depe;d ;g o;

9ymbo"9

;umbe8 9y9tem


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T'EE O$ 0$E

The " ght g8ay b 8d9ymbo" ze9 ;fa;cy.

The 8ed b 8d

9ymbo" ze9 ch "dhood. The g8ee; b 8d

9ymbo" ze9 youth. The b"ue b 8d

9ymbo" ze9adu"thood.

The o8a;ge b 8d

9ymbo" ze9 o"d age.


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DANCERS AND MUSICIANS


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4ectoral with

the )ame of#enwosret II 3 ca.!B 7&!B7B(.1.E.C y;a9ty!D3 8e g;9 of2e;wo98et 00&

5me;emhat 000C+ dd"e ;gdomEgypt a;C ahu;


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Crafts

Craftsmenmade furniture,

jewelry, pottery,and otheruseful items .

Crafts


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Crafts


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Crafts


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Crafts


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Painting

Ancient Egyptians followed a very strict set

of rules in their art. One of these rules wasto show the human body from the mostfamiliar or visible angle.


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Painting

Again, the figuresappear to be rigidand stylized.

Notice the leftfoot and bodyposture.


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Painting

Paintings tell us about thedaily lives of the ancient

egyptian-art n architecture

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