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Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides

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Page 1: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Ancient Mediterranean Art

Egyptian Art Slides

Page 2: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Ancient Egyptian Art

Page 3: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art
Page 4: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Key Ideas

• Complex funerary practices involving building mastabas and pyramids

• Figures hold unyielding stances and facial expressions

• Unrealistic posing of human figures – frontal shoulders and eyes, profile heads and hips/legs

• Divine pharaohs

Page 5: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Egyptian Canon (convention) of Proportion

• Fist is one box wide/high• Heel to hairline – 18 blocks

up• Knee at 5 blocks up• Head in profile, while eye

is frontal• Shoulders/torso frontal• Hips/legs in profile• Arch and big toe for both

feet• RIGID!!!

Page 6: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Hieroglyphics

• Rosetta Stone allowed us to translate hieroglyphics

Page 7: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

13. Palette of King Narmer. Predynastic Egypt. c. 3000–2920 B.C.E. Greywacke. (2 images)

Palette of King Narmer, back

© Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY

Palette of King Narmer, front

© Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY

1313

1313

Page 8: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Old Kingdom

2575-2134 BCE

Page 9: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

15. Seated scribe. Saqqara, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2620–2500 B.C.E. Painted limestone.

© Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY

1515

Created for a tomb to hold the Ka; conventional image of a scribe-not a pharaoh; contrasts with idealized figures of pharaohs; flabby folds of skin from sedentary life of a scribe

Page 10: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

17. Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx. Giza, Egypt. Old Kingdom,

Fourth Dynasty. c. 2550–2490 B.C.E. Cut limestone. (2 images)

Great Pyramids with Sphinx © Roger Wood/Corbis

1717

1717

Page 11: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Pyramid Plan

Page 12: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

18. King Menkaura and queen. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2490–2472 B.C.E. Greywacke.

Photograph © 2013 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

1818

Page 13: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Ti Watching the Hippopotamus Hunt, c. 2400 BCE, painted limestone, Tomb of Ti, SaqqaraTi was a government official; river seen from above; hippos and fish seen in profile; stylized oars; hierarchy of scale; boat glides through papyrus; success in hunt is fight against evil (hippos were seen as pests)

Page 14: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Middle Kingdom Key Ideas

• Middle Kingdom began after a period of instability (intermediate period)

• More powerful local governments• Pharaohs’ power diminished; left responsible

mostly for raising standing armies to defend borders (especially the Nubian border to the south)

Page 15: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Head of Sunusret III, c. 1860 BCE, stone

•More expression than in old kingdom•Reflection of period of civil unrest•Battle-hardened from four major battles with the Nubians•Careful attention to detail – folds of flesh, furrowed brow, introspective•Looks depressed - not heroic as in old kingdom depictions of rulers

Page 16: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Hippopotamus, 1985-1795 BCE, faience, from tomb of SenbiSmall item (under 8”) left in tomb so the deceased could hunt in the afterlife; lotus blossoms on sides; natural representation of the hippo

Page 17: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

New Kingdom Key Ideas

• Re-unification after the second intermediate period and more civil unrest (in addition to exterior forces)

• Great temple complexes • A female Queen! ( Hatshepsut)• Amarna Style (very briefly) – more natural• King Tut• Ramses II • First kingdom to use the term pharaoh(great house) to

mean king• Change to worship of one god (briefly)

Page 18: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

20. Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall. Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th and 19th Dynasties. Temple: c. 1550 B.C.E.; hall: c. 1250 B.C.E. Cut sandstone and mud brick. (3 images)

Hypostyle Hall

© Jochem D. Wijnands/Getty Images

Temple of Amun-Re

© Yann Arthus-Bertrand/Corbis

2020

2020

Page 19: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Temple of Amun-Re plan

2020

Page 20: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

21. Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut. Near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. c. 1473–1458 B.C.E. Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff, and red granite. (2 images)

Kneeling statue of Hatshepsut

Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art/ Image source © Art Resource, NY

Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut

© Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY

2121

2121

Page 21: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, 1470 BCE, Deir el-Bahri2 ramps; 3 colonnaded terraces; not buried there; visually coordinated with the cliffs behind it; first woman celebrated in art history;

Page 22: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Queen Hatshepsut, 1450 BCE, granite

•Filled role of male pharaoh by wearing male clothing, false beard, cobra on headdress•Slight hint of breasts•First Egyptian queen

Page 23: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Akhenaten, 1350 BCE, sandstone

• Formerly known as Amenhotep IV

• Started Amarna style – first significant artistic change in two thousand years

• Body has same style as old kingdom, but smoother and more relaxed

• Thin arms, heavy eyelids, big hips, paunchy stomach hangs over waistband of skirt

• Still gets the beautiful girl, though! (see next slide)

Page 24: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Nefertiti, 1350 BCE, limestone

•Amarna style•Long, elegant neck•Delicate features•Wife of Akhenaton•Pattern in headdress mirrors pattern on collar•Unusual because it include shoulders – may have been made for a full-body statue – found in sculptor’s studio

Page 25: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

22. Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters. New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty. c. 1353–1335 B.C.E. Limestone.

© bpk, Berlin/Staatliche Museen/Art Resource, NY

2222

Page 26: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

Mask of King Tutankhamen, 1323 BCE, gold, enamel, semi-precious stones

• Tomb discovered by Howard Carter in 1922

• Mummified body buried with 143 objects

• Gold coffin • Smooth idealized features• Minor king – famous

because his burial chamber was unmolested until 1922

Page 27: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

23. Tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty.c. 1323 B.C.E. Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones.

© Sandra Vannini/Corbis

2323

Page 28: Ancient Mediterranean Art Egyptian Art Slides. Ancient Egyptian Art

24. Last judgment of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb (page from the Book of the Dead). New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty. c. 1275 B.C.E. Painted papyrus scroll.

© The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY

2424