effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Effects of river bed substrate composition
on the diversity of individual
![Page 2: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Control variablesWater depth
Rate of water flow
![Page 3: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ways to measure controlled variables
1. Water depth: use a ruler to measure the depth of river bed
2. Rate of water flow : use flometer to ensure the rate of water flow is constant
![Page 4: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Independent variables
Different types of river bed substrate composition : 1.Bare rock
2.Gravel(around 4mm to 64mm)3.Sand (around 0.075mm in diameter)
![Page 5: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ways to measure independent
variables
1. Observation by naked eyes2. Recordings of video
3. Ruler
![Page 6: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dependent variablesDiversity of individual :
1. Large stream snail2. Small long-armed
shrimp3. Mayfly nymph
4. Pond snail5. Cheek goby6. Water skater
![Page 7: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ways to measure dependent variables
1. by observation2.comparison with pictorial
guide
![Page 8: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hypothesis
River bed with more sand and gravel has a higher diversity of animal species.
![Page 9: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Measurement of area 1
![Page 10: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Measurement of area 2
![Page 13: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Results
We find out that river bed with more sand and gravel has a higher diversity of animal species.
![Page 16: Effects of river bed substrate composition on the diversity of individual](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56649ef45503460f94c06fbd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Analysis
Since river bed with more sand and gravel provides more shelter for the animals to live in,river bed with
more sand and gravel has a higher diversity of animal species.