effects of non-ionizing radiation by hitarth mihs-istar

8/14/2019 Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation by Hitarth Mihs-IsTAR

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Effects of Non-ionizing radiation &

its control measures

Prepared by : -HITARTH MEHTA

MIHS DEPT.08IH06

-

CAUTION:

RadioactiveMaterial


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Outline

Types of Radiation

Definition of Non-ionizing radiation

Ionizing vs. Nonionizing Radiation

Classes of non-ir

Effects of non-ir

Its control measures


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1 1 1 1 1 10 101 10 101 1 1

INFRAREDULTRAVIOLET

VISIBLE

COSMIC

GAMMA RAYS

HARD-XRAYS-SOFT

VUVUV

INFRARED RADARFM

TV

SW

BROADCAST

POWERTRANS

FREQUENCY ( Hz )

RADIATIONRADIATION

10- 10- 10- 10- 10- 101010- 101010- 10- 1 WAVE LENGTH IN METRE

1CM 1 M1KM

1UM1 ANG1 X-UNIT


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Types of Radiation


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difference

differenceIonizing radiation Non-Ionizing radiation

Higher energyelectromagnetic waves

High enough energy topull electron from orbit

Alpha particles, Betaparticles, Neutrons ,Gamma radiation , X-radiation

Lower energyelectromagnetic waves

Not enough energy topull electron from orbit,but can excite theelectron

Visible light ,Microwaves, VideoDisplay Terminals, Power

lines ,Radiofrequency,


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NON IONIZING RADIATIONNON IONIZING RADIATION

The electromagnetic rays that do not havesufficient energy to dislodge electrons in thebody.

includes all kinds of electromagneticradiations with frequencies


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Radiation Sources


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ULTRAVIOLETULTRAVIOLET

vDivided into three regions:

vNear400 - 300 nm ( UV-A ) [90%]

vFar 300 - 200 nm ( UV-B ) [10%]

vVacuum 200 -100 nm (UV-C )

vHealth Effects

vUV-A : Pigmentation of skin

vUV-B : Biological active & Potentiallyharmful

vUV-C : Bactericidal ; Germicidal


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Ozon e Hole-zon e Hole- Dep letio n of S tr at osp heri c Oep letio n of S tr at osp heri c O 3


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Effec ts o f UV Ra diati on on H um an Bo dyffec ts o f UV Ra diati on on H um an Bo dySkinSkin: ErythemaErythema- early red coloured skin

inflam-mation(appears after 2-

3 hours)

TanningTanning (delyed pigmentation,becauseproduction ofmelanine.(

it startsapprox. 24- 48 hours

after exposure)Vitamine DVitamine Dproduction Skin AgingSkin Aging(Wrinkles, Dry skin, Skin cancer-


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IR region : Visible red light ( 750nm ) to 0.3-cmwavelength of microwaves.

q Health Effects:

Increase tissue temperature upon exposure

IR - A : 780 - 1400nm : absorbed throughskin/cornea

IR - B : 1400 -3000nm : Absorbed incornea/cataract

IR - C : 3000 - 1mm : Damage to skin/eyes

Short w len th : In ured cornea iris retina and

INF RAR ED


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Within broadspectrum of Radiofrequencies ( approx: 10-300,000 MHz )

HEALTH EFFECTS:

Thermal effects

< 3000 MHz can penetrate skin and absorbby underlying tissues.

Serious damage can occur when underlyingtissues such as eyes are exposed.

MICROWAVES/RADIOWAVESMICROWAVES/RADIOWAVES


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CONTR OL MEASUR ESRadiofrequency

Maximum 10 mW/cm2 Power Density (mostsystems)

Controlled AreasInventory

Read Technical Manuals!!!

Hazard CriteriaSOP


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Light Amplification by the StimulatedEmission of Radiation

* Coherent; Highly direction & low

divergenceHEALTH EFFECTS

Permanent eye damage and skin bruisescan result from exposure to powerful

lasersPermanent Eye Injuries

Cataracts and temporary blinding

LASER


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Do not look into lasers.

Avoid reflective surfaces.

Medical SOP

Read Technical ManualsHazard Criteria

CONTR OL MEASUR ES


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vL A S E R : -

To check - installation is safe

To suggest ways to improve

To enable safe working procedure

To check amount of radiation received

To monitor consequence of changes

R A D I AT I O N M O N I T O R I N GR A D I AT I O N M O N I T O R I N G


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PURPOSE:

Radiation dose received

Contamination and ingestion

Film Badge - chest

Gas ionisation Device - pocket

Scintillation Counter - ingested / surface

PERSONAL MONITORINGPERSONAL MONITORING


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Ionisation Chamber

Scintillation Phosphors

Geiger Counter

Wipe test

ENVIRONMENT MONITORINGENVIRONMENT MONITORING


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Biological Effects :

1.Cell DamageSynergism:- cells exposed to both ionizing radiationand 60 Hz magnetic fields demonstrated anenhanced frequency of near tetraploid chromosome

complements, a feature not observed followingexposure to only ionizing radiation.

2. Cancers :

3.CNS alterations :4.Teratogenicity : by either of

ULF,VLF,LF,MF,HF,VHF,etc.


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Only control measure


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References

Radiation protection division

AR 40-46, Control of Health Hazardsfrom Lasers and other High Intensity

Optical SourcesDepartment of Defense Instruction(DoDI) 6055.11, Protection of DoD

Personnel from Exposure toElectormagnetic Fields (EMF) at RadioFrequencies (RF) from 3 kHz to 300


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effects of non-ionizing radiation by hitarth mihs-istar

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